Dynamique De La Fasciolose Dans Un Système Fortement Anthropisé : La Camargue Emeline Sabourin

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Dynamique De La Fasciolose Dans Un Système Fortement Anthropisé : La Camargue Emeline Sabourin Dynamique de la fasciolose dans un système fortement anthropisé : la Camargue Emeline Sabourin To cite this version: Emeline Sabourin. Dynamique de la fasciolose dans un système fortement anthropisé : la Camargue. Microbiologie et Parasitologie. Université Montpellier, 2018. Français. NNT : 2018MONTG047. tel-01976817 HAL Id: tel-01976817 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01976817 Submitted on 10 Jan 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE M ONTPELLIER En Biologie des mécanismes des interactions parasitaires pathogènes et symbiotiques École doctorale GAIA Unité de recherche MIVEGEC Dynamique de la fasciolose dans un milieu fortement anthropisé : La Camargue Présentée par Emeline Sabourin Le 28 novembre 2018 Sous la direction de Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès et Marion Vittecoq Devant le jury composé de Gilles Dreyfuss, Professeur émérite, Université de Limoge Rapporteur Alain Chauvin, Professeur des universités, Oniris Rapporteur Guillaume Mitta, Professeur des universités, Université de Perpignan Examinateur Antonio Vázquez Perera, Chargé de recherche, Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí Examinateur Marion Vittecoq, Chargée de recherche, Fondation Tour du Valat Co-encadrante Sylvie Hurtrez-Boussès, Professeur des universités, Université de Montpellier Directrice de thèse 22 1 2 Remerciements : Voilà enfin le moment d’écrire les remerciements. Ces trois années ont été fastidieuse s et je peux le dire aujourd’hui je suis contente d’être arrivée au bout de cette aventure. Des périodes ont semblé n’en plus finir, le temps s’éco ulait tellement lentement et pourtant au final c’est passé tellement vite et cela grâce à toutes les personnes qui m’ont accompagnée pendant cette thèse. Pour commencer, je tiens tout d’abord à remercier l’ensemble des membres de mon jury d’avoir accepté d’évaluer mes travaux de thèse : Antonio Vásquez, Guillaume Mitta, et en particulier mes deux rapporteurs Gilles Dreyfuss et Alain Chauvin. Un immense merci à Sylvie et Marion, mes directrices de thèses, qui m’ont accompagnée pendant ces trois ans. Sylvie, merci pour votre enthousiasme, pour vos conseils et de m’avoir fait confiance . Marion, merci pour ces sessions brainstorming, tes danses de la victoire , tous tes conseils, tes encouragements et d’avoir toujours cru en moi malgré mes nombreux doutes. Merci aux membres de mon comité de thèse, Thierry de Meeus, Patrick Durand, Olivier Boutron, Olivier Pineau et Nicolas Bonel. Merci pour ces discussions toujours très constructives qui m’ont été d’un grand secours. Même si mon premier comité fait encore partie de mes pires cauchemars, cette première expérience m’a permis de comprendre que la thèse n’était pas une extension de moi -même et que tous les conseils et critiques devait être pris avec recul. Thierry De Meeus, merci de m’avoir aidé pour les questions en génétique des populations et de m’avoir permis de participer à la formation sur l’initiation à la génétique des populations qui m’a beaucoup aidé e pour la suite. Patrick D, merci d’avoir répondu à toutes mes interrogations que ce soit sur les manips ou sur la vie du laboratoire. Olivier B, merci pour tous d’avoir pris du temps pour mettre au point une méthode pour calculer les distances hydro facilement et surtout merci de m’avoir raconté ces anecdotes sur ta thèse qui m’ont rassuré e surtout sur la fin. Mer ci à Olivier P, pour m’avoir apporté tous les renseignements sur l’élevage de taureaux en Camargue et aussi sur l’histoire de la Tour du Valat . Merci à Nicolas B, pour ta gentillesse et ton enthousiasme. Un immense merci aux éleveurs, Monsieur Mailhan, Bon et Blanc, aux chasseurs. Merci au directeur de l’abattoir de Tarascon Olivier Roux et aux vétérinaires (et employés de l’abattoir de Tarascon et de Pézenas qui ont accepté de collaborer à cette étude et nous ont renseignés et aidés. Ce travail n’aurait pa s pu être possible sans eux. J’aimerais remercier aussi l’équipe EPID d’ONIRIS qui m’ a accueillie pendant 3 jours et avec qui j’ai pu avoir de nombreuses discussions très enrichissantes. Et plus particulièrement, merci à Christophe Chartier qui m’a accordé du temps pour m’expliquer le diagnostic et la détection des strongles et des paramphistomes. Merci au labex CEMEB qui a financé pour moitié cette thèse, ainsi que ma participation à plusieurs colloques et formations, et toutes mes manips pendant ces trois ans. 3 Viennent ensuite tous ceux qui m’ont supportée au bureau, à la pause -café, à la cantine Je tiens à remercier l’ensemble des membres de MIVEGEC à commencer par Frédéric Simard. Merci de m’avoir accueillie dans l’unité. Merci à Céline, Eve, Mircea, Ch ristine, Anne et toutes les personnes du bâtiment Paire de l’IRD. Les milliers d’escargots et de douves échantillonnés mais aussi plusieurs centaines de PCR et génotypages n’auraient pu l’être sans l’aide de tous les stagiaires que j’ai co - encadrés pendant ces trois ans. Eric, Sarah, Stephen, Céline, Michel, vous m’avez grandement facilité le travail, et les journées au bureau et sur le terrain étaient beaucoup plus joyeuses en votre compagnie. Un grand merci à Pili, pour l’aide immense que tu m’as apporté e sur la review, toujours disponible et réactive . Mais surtout de m’avoir permis de venir avec toi et Jean -Pierre en Argentine pour faire du terrain. Ce voyage aura été très enrichissant d’un point de vue scientifique mais aussi humain. Merci à Jean-Pierre, pour toutes ces anecdotes pendant ce voyage en Argentine, et cette passion pour les mollusques que tu nous as transmis pendant tout le long. Depuis, dès que je vois une mare ou une rivière, je m’arrête pour chercher des mollusques. Un grand merci à Mano n, car c’est en grande partie grâce à toi que j’ai eu cette thèse. Tu m’as donnée beaucoup de ton temps quand j’étais en stage alors que tu étais en train d’écrire ta thèse, et je me rends compte maintenant que ce temps est très précieux. Et durant, toute ma thèse, tu as toujours été là pour discuter avec moi, du perso comme de mes résultats. Merci à Antonio Vasquez Perera, d’avoir participé à la rédaction de mon premier article mais aussi pour ces discussions sur l’élevage de limnées et la récupération d es œuf s de douves. Daniel, merci de me rappeler tous les jours que je suis une hippie, d’avoir été là pour me soutenir et pour toutes nos discussions autour du bassin. Margaux, ma compatriote de thèse mais bien plus que ça, une amie toujours présente. Plei n de bon souvenir ensemble, que ce soit Barcelone et l’Irlande avec Camille, ces petits restos toutes les deux ou encore ces samedis à travailler dans des cafés. Merci à l’équipe du manger de l’IRD, Davy, Anais B, Anais A, David, Angélique, Louis, Adeline, merci pour toutes ces moments passés ensemble. Merci à tous les membres de la Tour du Valat, ainsi que de Wetland international, de TAKH et de l’ONCFS. Les gens de la tour, Flor ence, Marie, Marie Antoinette, Jocelyn et tous les autres salariés qui m’ont accueillie et qui ont su être toujours disponibles au moindre problème. Merci aux services civiques et aux stagiaires survivants qui ont essayé de me remonter le moral après la perte de mon travail. Un grand merci à Thomas, Carole et Emilie, pour le coup de main pour le terrain. Merci à Thomas d’avoir sauvé mes bottes de la boue et de t’être si souvent moqué de moi, c’était de bonne guerre. Merci à toi, Carole, d’avoir été une service civique en or, de m’avoir aidé e à échantillonner les bouses de vaches e t surtout à découper ce qu’on 4 pensait être la caillette, deux jours de manip entourés de mouches pour au final n’avoir aucun parasite mais malgré ça tu as toujours gardé le sourire. Je remercie les thésards de la Tour du Valat, Antoine, mon super colocataire de chambrée, merci de m’avoir fait rire et de m’avoir écouté e. Et ‘c’est toujours chouette de prendre un peu part à la conservation de cette espèce ‘ . Elie, on peut dire qu’on est des survivants . Merci d’avoir essayé de me sortir de ma chambre même si c’était souvent compliqué. Benjamin, heureuse coïncidence de se retrouver deux ans après le master pour faire notre thèse au même endroit, tes brèfs passages à la Tour du Valat ont toujours été source de rire. Manon, merci pour ces pauses cafés et ces moments passés ensemble et de m’avoir aidé e à supporter ces derniers mois. Et j’en suis sure tu feras une très grande thèse. Et Léo, le postdoc, il existe des bons chasseurs et des mauvais chasseurs, je ne dirais pas dans quelle catégorie tu es, je sais que tu peux être susceptible. En tout cas, un grand merci pour tes plaintes, tes chasses infructueuses, ton racket de gâteaux, tes don’t worry avec ton french accent mais surtout pour tes dessins de papillons qui m’ont aidé e à ne pas décomprésser.
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