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The Effect of Group Sexual Counseling on the Sexual doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2017.11 http://www.ijwhr.net doi 10.15296/ijwhr.2015.27 OpenOpen Access Original Review Article InternationalInternational Journal Journal of Women’s of Women’s Health Health and Reproduction and Reproduction Sciences Sciences Vol.Vol. 3, No.5, No. 3, July 1, January 2015, 126–131 2017, 60–65 ISSNISSN 2330- 4456 2330- 4456 TheWomen Effect on theof GroupOther Side Sexual of War Counseling and Poverty: on the Its SexualEffect Responseon the Health of Pregnant of Reproduction Women Ayse Cevirme1, Yasemin Hamlaci2*, Kevser Ozdemir2 Ali Navidian1, Asadollah Kykhaee2, Mahmood Imani3*, Batol Taimoori4, Parvin Soltani5 Abstract AbstractWar and poverty are ‘extraordinary conditions created by human intervention’ and ‘preventable public health problems.’ War and Objectives:poverty have Sexual many negative activity effects is one on of humanthe most health, important especially issues women’s in life. health. Sex duringHealth problemspregnancy arising can fluctuatedue to war according and poverty to are physical and psychologicalbeing observed changes. as sexual abuseThis study and rape, aimed all kinds to examine of violence the andeffect subsequent of sex group gynecologic counseling and obstetrics on sexual problems response with of physiologicalpregnant women. Materialsand psychological and Methods: courses, This and studypregnancies is a quasi-experimental as the result of undesired intervention. but forced Among or obliged pregnant marriages women and of evenZahedan rapes. who Certainly, were referred to treatmentunjust treatment centers such for routineas being pregnancy unable to gaincare footingin 2015, on 100 the women land it wereis lived randomly (asylum selected seeker, refugee, and divided etc.) andinto being two groups deprived of interventionof (socialn = 50) security, and control citizenship (n = 50).rights The and data human were rights collected brings using about the the pregnancy deprivation sexual of access response to health inventory services (PSRI)and of whichprovision was of completed throughservice intended interview for beforegynecology and and6 weeks obstetrics. after Thethe endpurpose of the of thisfive article sexual is counselingto address effects sessions. of war The and obtained poverty ondata the were health analyzed of with SPSS-20reproduction through of women descriptive and to statistics. offer scientific contribution and solutions. Results:Keywords: Independent Poverty, Reproductive t test showed health, no War statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05) in terms of age, length of marriage, gestational age, and the gravidity. The results also showed that sex counseling of sexual function for women in the intervention group was significantly increased in terms of aspects such as sexual desire, intercourse frequency, satisfaction, arousal, Introductionorgasm, and sexual quality at post-test from the perspective of thoughtwomen andthat their severe partners military (P <conflicts 0.01). in Africa shorten ThroughoutConclusion: the Given history the positiveof the world, effects the of sexones group who counselinghad the on expected improvement lifetime of women’sfor more sexual than 2response years. In and general, sexual activity confrontedduring pregnancy, the bitterest it is recommendedface of poverty to and include war hadthis counselingal- WHO intervention had calculated in prenatal that 269care thousand for pregnant people women. had died waysKeywords: been the Sexual women. counseling, As known Sexual poverty response, and war Pregnancy affects in 1999 due to the effect of wars and that loss of 8.44 mil- human health either directly or indirectly, the effects of lion healthy years of life had occurred (2,3). this condition on health and status of women in the so- Wars negatively affect the provision of health services. Introduction activity and feeling guilty about sexual relations during ciety should not be ignored. This study intends to cast Health institutions such as hospitals, laboratories and Pregnancylight on the iseffects one of of thewar most and poverty critical on periods the reproductive of women life healthpregnancy, centers are decreaseddirect targets feeling of war. about Moreover, being the attractive wars to the whichhealth canof women. make physical,For this purpose, mental theand face behavioral of war affect changes.- causehusband, the migration fear ofof harmingqualified healththe fetus, employees, fear of and miscarriage Theseing the physical women, theand problem psychological of immigration, changes inequalitiesmay also lead thus andthe health preterm services delivery, hitches. etc Assessmentsmay have negative made indi effect- on the toin changesdistribution in sexual of income and basedmarital on relations gender and of couplesthe effects (1, 2). cate thatindividual the effect sexual of destruction response inand the finally infrastructure on the relationship of Conflictsof all these and on challengesthe reproductive of couples health associated of women withwill be preg - healthof continues couples, forthat 5-10 it cause years anxietyeven after and the lack finalization of confidence of nancyaddressed. and multiple physical and psychological changes of conflictsthem (8-10). (3). Due to resource requirements in the re- during pregnancy reduce quality of the sexual relation (3, structuringAbout investments 86% to 100% after of war, couples the share keep allocated their sexual to activity 4).War During and Women’s pregnancy Health and even months after childbirth, healthduring has decreased pregnancy; (1). most of women show decreased sexu- desireFamine, for synonymous sexual activity with decreases war and poverty, and rate is ofclearer sexual for dys - al desire and frequency of sexual intercourse as the preg- functionswomen; war compared means deep to pre-pregnancy disadvantages increases.such as full This de- can Mortalitiesnancy and is progressed Morbidities (11). Although sexual desire, perfor- causestruction, emergence loss of future of considerable and uncertainty turmoil for women. in relations Wars be- The onesmance who and are satisfactionmost affected of from pregnant wars are women women and and husbands are conflicts that destroy families, societies and cultures children. While deaths depending on direct violence af- tween spouses (5). Couple’s relationship quality during are unpredictable and may increase, decrease or remain that negatively affect the health of community and cause fect the male population, the indirect deaths kill children, pregnancyviolation of ishuman largely rights. influenced According by to their the data sexual of World relations womenunchanged and elders during more. pregnancyIn Iraq between (7,12), 1990-1994, Fok et al showedin- that andHealth specific Organization set of beliefs (WHO) and and opinions World thatBank, have in been2002 ex- fant deathsmore thanhad shown60% of this women reality and in its 40% more of baretheir form spouse expe- istwars around had been the worldamong whichthe first know ten reasonsno borders which (6). killed As the with riencedan increase decrease of 600% sexual (4). Thedesire war and taking arousal five years during preg- pregnantthe most andwomen caused report disabilities. lower Civillevels losses of sexual are at thedesire rate and increasesnancy, the andchild more deaths than under 80% age ofof 5 womenby 13%. Alsoand 47%their spouse sexualof 90% withinintimacy all lossescomparing (1). with non-pregnant women of all werethe refugees concerned in the about world harmfulnessand 50% of asylum of sexual seekers activity on (3),War stressfulhas many physical,negative effectsemotional on human and health.financial One factors of and displacedthe fetus people(13). are women and girls and 44% ref- resultingthese is its from effect pregnancy of shortening may the have average a negative human effect life. on ugees andAlthough asylum continuedseekers are sexualchildren activity under theduring age ofpregnancy, theAccording emotional to the and data sexual of WHO, intimacy. the average Attitudes human and life sexual is 18 (5).without proper principles, lead to complications for moth- behaviors68.1 years forduring males pregnancy and 72.7 years are foraffected females. by Itsexual is being value As theer resultand fetus, of wars medical and armed science conflicts, has not women placed arerestrictions systems, indigenous culture, traditional and religious be- on sexual activity in a healthy pregnancy and the balanced liefsReceived (7). 12 Some December of 2014,the Acceptedbeliefs 25such April as 2015, change Available of online mental 1 July im 2015- sexual relationship can be continued during pregnancy age1Department of one’s of ownNursing, body Sakarya (body University, image), Sakarya, discarding Turkey. 2Department the sexual of Midwifery, Sakaryaapart University, from high-risk Sakarya, Turkey. groups (14). Results of meta-analy- *Corresponding author: Yasemin Hamlaci, Department of Midwifery, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey. Tel: +905556080628, Email: [email protected] Received 9 March 2016, Accepted 28 September 2016, Available online 1 January 2017 1Department of Counseling, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2Department of Anesthesia, School of Paramedical, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 3Department of Pediatric, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan,
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