Conteúdo Informativo Das Embalagens De

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Conteúdo Informativo Das Embalagens De UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA DEPARTAMENTO DE NUTRIÇÃO TESE DE DOUTORADO CONTEÚDO INFORMATIVO DAS EMBALAGENS DE ALIMENTOS: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO INTERNACIONAL COMPARADO, SOB A ÓTICA BRASILEIRA E NORTE-AMERICANA DOS AGENTES DE PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO VIRGÍNIA MARIA FERRAZ DE CASTRO Tese de Doutorado apresentada ao Departamento de Nutrição da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, para obtenção do título de Doutor em Saúde Pública. ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. RUBENS DA COSTA SANTOS SÃO PAULO 2000 Autorizo, exclusivamente para fins acadêmicos e científicos, a reproduçio total ou parcial desta dissertação, por processos fotocopiadores. Assinatura: DatL ldoc) DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus pais lpê (in memoriam) e Dolores, cuja presença marcante diferenciou minha vida. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Rubens da Costa Santos, meu dedicado orientador, pelo grande estímulo e enriquecimento que proporcionou ao meu trabalho, a manifestação do meu profundo reconhecimento. Ao meu amigo Sílvio Popadiuk que muito me apoiou com seus conhecimentos e suas experiências. Aos amigos Sevgin Eroglu, Matthew Lee Jr., Greyze Vieira e Cristina Bugara pelas inúmeras contribuições e pelo carinho prestados durante minha permanência nos EUA, para a realização da bolsa sanduíche. Ao meu amigo Alessandro Tadei pela dedicação e, sobretudo, pelo apoio na defmição da arte gráfica do trabalho. Aos consumidores brasileiros e norte-americanos, pela colaboração que viabilizou a consecução deste trabalho. À empresa Kellogg's (do Brasil e dos EUA), especialmente, aos profissionais entrevistados, pela atenção concedida e pelas informações prestadas. A todos os professores do Programa de Pós Graduação, pela solidez nos ensinamentos. A CAPES e ao CNPq, pelas concessões, respectivamente, de uma bolsa sanduíche e de urna bolsa de doutorado, que viabilizaram a concretização deste trabalho. À bibliotecária Ângela Maria Belloni Cuenca, pelo seu trabalho de revisão bibliográfica. A todos os amigos que estiveram presentes ao longo desta jornada. deCastro, VMF Conteúdo informativo das embalagens de alimentos: um estudo exploratório internacional comparado, sob a ótica brasileira e norte-americana dos agentes de produção e consumo. São Paulo, 2000. [Tese de Doutorado- Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP]. RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo compreende a análise das estratégias adotadas pelo consumidor por ocasião da seleção, aquisição e uso dos alimentos, no que tange o conteúdo informativo das embalagens de alimentos. Realizou-se um Estudo Exploratório Internacional Comparado (EEIC), segundo a ótica brasileira e norte-americana dos agentes de produção e consumo. O enfoque da pesquisa voltou-se para os aspectos relacionados à identificação da estrutura ordenada de preferência pelos atributos de uma dada categoria de produto alimentício. A abordagem sistêmica contribuiu para ressaltar que a comunicação dos atributos do produto é feita em função do seu público consumidor. Concluí-se que a adoção de medidas que levem em consideração a relevância dos atributos do produto, bem como as peculiaridades de cada cultura irão subsidiar a tomada de decisão dos profissionais envolvidos no processo de desenvolvimento da embalagem, no sentido de buscar o aprimoramento do conjunto de informações voltado para a promoção e venda dos gêneros alimentícios, segundo as exigências do mercado de consumo. A busca constante pela atualização, modernização e padronização das informações contidas nas embalagens de alimentos evitará que o consumidor desenvolva conceitos errôneos e/ou empregue inadequadamente um determinado produto alimentício em sua dieta alimentar diária. deCastro, VMF Informative content of food packaging: an exploratory international comparative study, from the point ofview ofBrazilian and American production and consumption agents. São Paulo, 2000. [Thesis- School ofPublic Health. University ofSão Paulo]. ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of the information content on the consumer's strategies when selecting, acquiring and using foods. Based on the bibliography about these issues, an exploratory international comparative study has been carried out, from the point o f view o f Brazilian and American production and consumption agents. The study attempted to obtain new information on the preference structure of consumer through a list o f attributes of a food item which is commercialized in both countries studied. The proposed systemic approach has demonstrated to be helpful for recognition that the communication ofthe attributes ofa food item is done based on the behavior ofthe consumer in relation to the use that he or she makes o f the information contained on food packaging. Briefly stated the adoption o f measures which take in consideration the ranking o f the attributes o f a food item, as well the peculiar characteristics of each culture might contribute to facilitate the made decision of professionals charged in the process for package development to improve the presentation of a set of information, for the publicity and sales of foodstuffs according to the demands of the market. The search for a set o f information up-to-date, modem and standardized might help the consumers to use property a foodstuff in their daily feed diet. SUMÁRIO CAPÍTULOS PÁGINAS l. INTRODUÇÃO Ol I.l. Conteúdo Informativo das Embalagens de Alimentos na Tomada de Decisão do Consumidor OI 1.2. Abordagem Sistêmica da Embalagem no Processo da Comunicação 03 1.2.1. Relação entre o consumo do alimento e seus beneficios na saúde pública 04 1.3. Contribuições do Estudo 06 1.4. Organização do Trabalho 07 1.5. Referências 07 2. REVISÃO DA LITERATURA SELECIONADA SOBRE O ASSUNTO 08 2.I. Caracterização do Setor de Embalagem 08 2.I.l. A embalagem na economia de mercado e a dinâmica do setor de alimentos 09 2.I.2. Abordagens conceituais I O 2.2. Embalagem de Alimentos e o Comportamento do Consumidor I2 2.2.1. Considerações gerais I2 2.2.2. Aspectos conceituais e o comportamento do consumidor 13 2.2.2.l.Considerações gerais I3 2.2.2.2. A teoria do comportamento do consumidor I4 2.2.2.3. O aspecto "cross-cultural" I6 2.2.2.4. A estrutura de preferência de atributos e o conteúdo informativo das embalagens de alimentos 22 2.2.3. Estudos sobre o comportamento de compra do consumidor norte-americano 36 2.2.4. Estudos sobre as tendências do comportamento de compra do consumidor brasileiro 38 2.3. Embalagem de Alimentos e o Comportamento do Consumidor: Relação entre Qualidade e Lucro 39 2.3.1. Considerações gerais 39 2.3.2. Abordagem conceitual de um programa de avaliação de investimento em qualidade 40 2.3.3. Um programa de avaliação de investimento em qualidade e a embalagem de alimentos 41 2.3.3.1. Programa de avaliação de investimento em qualidade 41 2.3.3.2. A embalagem de alimentos e um programa de avaliação de investimento em qualidade 43 2.4. Aspectos Sumarizadores 47 3. METODOLOGIA 48 3.1. Considerações Gerais 48 3.2. Propósito e Foco do Estudo 48 3.3. Premissas do Estudo 50 3.4. Método 52 3.5. Procedimento 55 3.5.1. O mercado de cereais 55 3.5.2. Caracterização das empresas 56 3.5.3. Estudo Exploratório Internacional Comparado- EEIC 61 3.5.3.1. Evolução histórica e aplicação da pesquisa internacional comparada 61 3.5.3.2. Pesquisa internacional comparada: princípios e procedimentos 61 3.6. Aspectos Sumarizadores 72 4. RESULTADOS E ANÁLISES 73 4.1. Descrição da Amostra 75 4.2. Análise do Produto 75 4.2.1. Entendimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "alimento" 75 4.2.2. Entendimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "cereal matinal" 76 4.2.3. Entendimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "cereal matinal" para as marcas compradas e consumidas 78 4.2.4. Entendimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "principal função do cereal matinal" 82 4.2.5. Aspectos positivos e negativos no cereal matinal 83 4.2.6. Perfil dos compradores e consumidores de cereais matinais 85 4.2. 7. Informações impressas nas embalagens de cereais matinais lembradas pelos repondentes para as marcas mencionadas 89 4.2.8. Endimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "papel da embalagem de cereal matinal" 93 4.2.9. Facilidade/ dificuldade em encontrar as informações impressas nas embalagens de cereais matinais" 95 4.2.1 O. Adequação/ inadequação da informação nutricional impressa nas embalagens de cereais matinais" 97 4.2.11. Entendimento dos respondentes acerca do conceito "embalagem ideal" 99 4.2.12. Papel do serviço de atendimento ao consumidor- sac- das empresas produtoras de cereais matinais" I OI 4.2.13. Relevância dos atributos impressos nas embalagens de cereais matinais 103 4.2.14. Grau de aderência dos atributos ao modelo sistêmico 104 4.2.15. Classificação dos atributos 115 4.3. Estudo com Empresa Norte-Americana e Brasileira Produtora de Cereais Matinais 125 4.3 .1. Empresa norte-americana produtora de cereais matinais 126 4.3.1.1. Processo de desenvolvimento da embalagem 126 4.3.1.2. Aspectos conceituais: entendimento do profissional norte-americano entrevistado 134 4.3.2. Empresa brasileira produtora de cereais matinais 144 4.3.2.1. Processo de desenvolvimento da embalagem 144 4.3.2.2. Entendimento do profissional brasileiro entrevistado 149 5. CONCLUSÕES, IMPLICAÇÕES, LIMITAÇÕES E DIRECIONAMENTOS PARA ESTUDOS FUTUROS 158 5.1. Similaridades e Diferenças Encontradas 158 5.LI. Similaridades 15 8 5.1.2. Diferenças 160 5.2. Adequação do Modelo Sistêmico 161 5.2.1. Abordagem sistêmica e a visão dos agentes de produção e consumo 162 5.3. Considerações Gerais 166 5.4. Implicações, Limitações e Direcionamentos
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