Burghwallis Conservation Area Appraisal

December 2014

www.doncaster.gov.uk/conservationareas

Index

Preface 3

Part I – Appraisal

1. Introduction 4 2. Location 6 3. Origins and development of the settlement 7 4. Prevailing and former uses and the influence on the plan 9 form and building types 5. Archaeological significance and potential of the area 12 6. Architectural and historic qualities of the buildings 13 7. Traditional building materials and local details 23 8. Character and relationship of the spaces in the area 29 9. Green spaces and trees 31 10. Negative features 35 11. Neutral features 39 12. Condition of buildings 44 13. Problems, pressures and capacity for change 44 14. Suggested boundary changes 45 15. Summary of special interest 46

Part II – Management Proposals

16. Management Proposals 47

Appendices

I Useful Information & Contact Details II Significant Policies of Doncaster Local Development Framework and Doncaster Unitary Development Plan III Archaeological finds in the Burghwallis area IV Listed Buildings in and around Burghwallis Conservation Area V Community Involvement

Maps

1. Origin and Development of Area 2. Positive Features 3. Negative and Neutral Features 4. Views into and out of Conservation Area

Preface: The purpose of this document is twofold. Primarily, it is a statement of the special historic and architectural character of the Burghwallis conservation area. It also seeks to provide a positive medium to long term strategy for its conservation and enjoyment. It should be of particular use in assisting developers and the general public when submitting planning applications. It supplements the policies of Doncaster‟s statutory development plan (which currently comprises Doncaster Council‟s Core Strategy and the saved policies of the Unitary Development Plan). It will also supplement the policies provided in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) which has replaced the previous Planning Policy Statements on Heritage and Conservation. There are policies to protect the historic environment throughout the NPPF and more specifically about “Conserving and enhancing the historic environment” within paragraphs 126 to 141 inclusive of the NPPF. Burghwallis Parish Council is also currently developing a Neighbourhood Plan for the area of Burghwallis which if adopted by Doncaster Council will also become part of the statutory development plan. In determining planning applications local planning authorities are required by the NPPF to identify and assess the particular significance of any heritage asset (i.e. the conservation area), including its setting, that may be affected by a proposal and take this into account. Consequently the appraisal will be a material consideration in making planning decisions relating to the conservation area. It is also hoped that this appraisal will be a useful aid for applicants in preparing heritage statements in support of their planning applications. The appraisal however is not intended to be wholly comprehensive and the failure to mention any particular building; feature or space should not be assumed to imply that they are not of significance. Advice is available from Doncaster Council‟s Design and Conservation Team and you are advised to make early contact before carrying out any work within the conservation area. Doncaster Council appreciates the help given by Alicia Hunston in analysing the conservation area and initiating this appraisal and the assistance of Burghwallis Parish Council and Burghwallis Neighbourhood Working Group in the dissemination of information regarding the appraisal and their input into the final version.

Part 1 – Appraisal 1. Introduction A conservation area is an area “…of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance”1 Conservation areas were first introduced by the Civic Amenities Act 1967. The Act was incorporated and expanded into the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990, which provides the statutory basis for planning control within conservation areas. This current Act imposes a duty on local planning authority to designate conservation areas (where appropriate), to review them from time to time, and to bring forward policies and proposals for the preservations and enhancement of such areas. Before bringing forward policies and proposals for any conservation area it is important to define what its special historic or architectural character is. Government guidance contained in the National Planning Policy Framework states when considering the designation of conservation areas, local planning authorities should ensure that an area justifies such status because of its special architectural or historic interest, and that the concept of conservation is not devalued through the designation of areas that lack special interest. (NPPF, 2012). English Heritage also provide a guidance document “Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management” a methodology for analysing this character.

Aerial photograph showing existing boundary of Burghwallis Conservation Area

1 As defined under S61 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990

This appraisal covers the Burghwallis Conservation Area, which was originally designated on the 15th June 1978. The appraisal follows the English Heritage guidance and aims to identify the special architectural, landscape and historic interest of Burghwallis Conservation Area. Burghwallis is a rural settlement that is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Burg. The conservation area is made up of the settlement clustered along Old Village Street to the west, the old Hall (now St. Anne‟s Rest Home) and its immediate grounds, the Church of St. Helen and associated buildings in the centre, and mainly suburban development set in spacious grounds to the east. The main road through the settlement appears to have been diverted north to the present Grange Lane and east to Abbe‟s Walk with the historic development of the original hall and its former park.

Limestone was the traditional material, which is rendered on some buildings. Principle historic roofing materials are slate and clay pantiles. Limestone boundary walls are an important and extensive feature of the conservation area. The conservation area is well endowed with mature trees particularly to the central and eastern areas.

Within the conservation area there are six listed structures. These can be viewed on Map 2 as well as being listed on p13 in Section 6. The cross within the churchyard as well as being listed is also a scheduled monument. The pinfold just outside the conservation area is also listed.

The special interest of the conservation area is due to the historic character and appearance of a small limestone village connected with an ancient settlement associated with a manorial estate and church.

2. Location Burghwallis is situated amongst mixed farmland and woodland on a slight rise, roughly six miles north of Doncaster and one mile off the A1 motorway. The conservation area itself is situated around the historic centre of the village, and includes the Church of St. Helen, St. Anne‟s Rest Home (formerly Burghwallis Hall), the Old Rectory, the properties clustered along Village Street and relatively recent developments off Grange Lane and Abbe‟s Walk which are in the former grounds of Burghwallis Hall and the church.

Burghwallis Conservation Area in context

3. Origins and development of the settlement Burghwallis is first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, as Burg. The settlement was originally based around the Church of St Helen. This church is believed to be either standing or under development around the time of the Domesday Book. This is due to the Norman element of the building which would suggest an 11th century construction. Sir Richard de Wallis owned the Manor and its estate in the early 13th century and from whom the name Burghwallis is derived. His descendants remained here until the late 16th century when it passed to the Anne‟s family who themselves were present for five centuries until they sold Burghwallis Hall to the Bishop of Leeds in 1942. Burghwallis Hall was the main manor of the area and the present building is thought to date from the early 16th century. There are remains of a moated site within its former parkland which are likely to be its predecessor. The site of the medieval village is thought to lie within and around the grounds of the hall and the church. The later 17th and 18th century houses around Village Street are estate developments that may coincide with the development of the hall‟s landscaping including the realignment of the road to that of the present Grange Lane and Abbe‟s Walk (previously it seems that Village Street continued past the hall and then headed south of the church to meet Common Lane). The church has a very intimate relationship with the hall, both in terms of its proximity and the fact that it is included within the hall‟s decorative landscape.

Very little in the way of residential development took place in Burghwallis during the 19th and early 20th centuries compared with other settlements in the area. Today the village is one of a handful in the area to have retained much of its original character and small-scale rural feel. Some inter-war and immediate post-war development have occurred mainly west of the historic centre which due to their more modern form and establishment are not included within the conservation area. More latterly there have also been some developments to the eastern area of the village in lands formerly closely connected with the hall and church but which still retain a wealth of historic tree cover and, due to this, have been included within the conservation area.

4. Prevailing and former uses and the influences on the plan form and building types. The part of the village that is in the conservation area has a very rural feel to it. It has an elevated position and is generally low density. Historically it was an agricultural settlement but within the conservation area there are now no buildings that are part of working farms. The conservation area can be split into three distinct character areas; buildings around the Village Street to the west; large historic properties (including the Church of St. Helen, former Burghwallis Hall, now St. Anne‟s Rest Home, and the Old Rectory) within the central area; and mainly relatively recent developments in the former grounds of the hall and church to the east (although this area does also include the historic Dower House).

Character areas within Burghwallis Conservation Area

Historic buildings around Village Street tend to be either farmhouses, cottages or former barns with some being recent buildings developed in the above styles. Amongst these are more modern influenced buildings including bungalows and suburban dwellings. All dwellings are either one or two storeys.

The Old Cottage – Thought to be 17th 60s bungalow century, which although modified in the early 20th century still makes a positive contribution to the conservation area

The buildings in the centre tend to be large and have more social significance to the village. Within it are the church, hall, the Old Rectory and The Old Garden Forecourts. As these are individual their form and detailing tend to be unique and are not therefore typical.

Old Rectory

Developments to the east of the conservation area are more suburban in form but due to tree coverage and open space between buildings this area tends to have a very green character to it.

Suburban dwellings in treed setting within eastern part of conservation area

Burghwallis has an elevated position. There are many open fields and woods surrounding Burghwallis which reinforces the isolation of Burghwallis from surrounding settlements but Burghwallis has the positive of not being far away from a larger settlement and major road networks.

5. Archaeological significance and potential of the area. As mentioned previously, the settlement dates back to the Domesday Book. Archaeological features of the conservation area include a medieval cross, which is a Scheduled Monument and also Grade II listed, and within the grounds of the St. Anne‟s Rest Home there is also an ice house. As mentioned previously the site of the medieval village is thought to lie within and around the grounds of the hall and the church. The former parklands of Burghwallis Hall also contain other built and landscape archaeological features, such as the ha-ha. Outside of the conservation area is a moated site which was used for defensive purposes during the War of Roses in 1485.

Medieval cross in churchyard One mile northwest of the village is The Great North Road, which is of high archaeological significance, as it originates from pre-Roman times and has been the main historic north-south thoroughfare of the country, connecting the capitals of England and Scotland. Although The Great North Road is some distance from Burghwallis, this does not mean that it may not have had some influence on ancient settlements in the vicinity. A list of archaeological finds in the Burghwallis area is attached as Appendix III.

It is therefore advisable that in order to reduce the risk of encountering important archaeological remains late in any development process (which could involve unforeseen time and cost implications) - any development proposals for this area should be accompanied with a supporting archaeological desk based appraisal. This will determine whether there is a need for field evaluation prior to a planning application being devised, whether there is a need for an archaeological evaluation to be secured by planning condition or whether there is no further archaeological input required.

6. Architectural and historic qualities of the buildings The conservation area contains a wealth of buildings in differing styles, ages and historic importance. The area includes six listed structures, one Grade I (the Church of St. Helen), one Grade II* (St. Anne‟s Rest Home) and four Grade II. Just outside the current boundary of the conservation area is a listed pinfold. All the list descriptions of the listed buildings are attached as Appendix IV and are also shown on Map 2 - Positive Features, both of which can be found to the rear of this appraisal. List descriptions are a means of identifying which is the listed building and therefore may not list all the significant parts of the building. Church of St. Helen, Grade I EH reference 334931 Grange Lane St. Anne‟s Rest Home, Grade II* EH reference 334934 Grange Lane Home Farmhouse Grade II EH reference 334929 Old Rectory/St. Anthony‟s, Grade II EH reference 334930 Grange Lane Cross (remains), Grade II EH reference 334932 St. Helen churchyard (also a Scheduled Monument) Coward Family Gravestone, Grade II EH reference 334933 St. Helen churchyard

Just outside the conservation area is:

Pinfold, Well Lane Grade II EH reference 505996

Any works which involve the alteration or extension of a listed building in a way which would affect its character as a building of special architectural or historic interest require listed building consent. Repairs do not generally need consent, though the distinction between repair and alteration is often unclear.

All parts of a listed building are protected, including its interiors and any building or fixed object within its curtilage at the time of listing. However, not all parts of a listed building will be of the same value in terms of its special interest and there are very few buildings which cannot accommodate some degree of alteration, provided this is done with skill and care. If you are considering doing works to a listed building you are strongly advised to discuss this with a member of the Design and Conservation Team at the earliest opportunity.

Key Unlisted Buildings As well as the listed buildings in the conservation area there are many that have a positive impact on the conservation area, some of which are considered to be key. A key building is defined as follows: -

 The work of a particular architect of local or regional note  Has qualities of age, style and materials of a substantial number of buildings in the conservation area  Serves as a reminder of the gradual development of the area or of an earlier phase of growth  Has landmark qualities  Reflects the traditional functional character or appearance of the conservation area  Has significant historic associations with local people or past events

Buildings that are considered key unlisted buildings within the conservation area are shown on Map 2, and include the following: -

 Dower House  The Old Forecourts/Gardeners Cottage  Converted former Home Farm Barns (The Grange, Grange View, Grange House and Village Cottage)  Village Street Cottages (Betwyns/Old Post Office/Park Side/Eagle Lodge)  1/2/3 Park View  The Smithy

Dower House Dower House is of Georgian date and presumably was built as the dower house for the former Burghwallis Hall to house the widow of the estate-owner. It has an interesting composition of a central block with pavilions to either side. The main block is low two storied with gablets above first floor windows and hips to end. The pavilions are lower with fully formed dormers to the first floor and as they are square in plan have a fully formed pyramidal roof. Single storied buildings link the central block to the pavilions. All parts of building are rendered with a steeply pitched roof with deep eaves. It was originally roofed in Welsh slates but is now unfortunately in concrete tiles. Modern porch added to front which detracts from the original composition. It is set in relatively spacious grounds, which is in keeping and important to its setting, and is well treed to its boundaries – although intruded upon on the right by the presence of the neighbouring bungalow. This bungalow is constructed in non- local stone, which adds to its detrimental presence on Dower House.

Dower House

The Old Garden Forecourts/Gardeners Cottage Magilton2 (1977) describes The Old Garden Forecourts as having the same basic form as Home Farm, although subject to more alterations. It is thought to be potentially of 17th century origins, which has recently been restored. It is three storeys although the top floor of these is within the attic storey with dormers and is in coursed limestone rubble. It has an annexe at right angles to it known as Gardeners Cottage, which is a low two storied building with dormers interrupting its eaves line, which is rendered. Both properties have clay pantile roof and have varnished timber casement windows with leaded lights. Views from Old Village Street have a backdrop of mature trees, which adds to the landscape setting of the properties and the conservation area.

Forecourts from Village Street

The Converted former Home Farm Barns (The Grange, Grange View, Grange House and Village Cottage) The origins of this development are 19th century barns and outbuildings surrounding four sides of a former farmyard. There are two main buildings, one fronting Village Street the other off Grange Lane. That on to Village Street is of two storeys, rendered with hipped Welsh slate roof and Yorkshire sash windows. The other is also two storey, rendered and hipped but is longer with vertically sliding sash windows and stone slate roof. Other single storey buildings complete the complex. Most of the buildings were converted to residential at the turn of this century.

2 Magilton, J.R. (1977) The Doncaster District: An Archaeological Survey, Doncaster Museums & Arts Service

Converted former Home Farm Barns now dwellings

(left those on Village street, right those accessed from Grange Lane)

Village Street Cottages (Betwyns/Old Post Office/Park Side/Eagle Lodge)

These are a row of limestone cottages, all unfortunately re-roofed in concrete tiles (some clay pantiles to rear which would be more appropriate on front as well) and mostly rendered. A few Yorkshire sash windows remain to one of cottages which are very attractive. The left-hand cottage has an over-dominant dormer and the more substantial porch of the right-hand cottage also detracts.

Row of cottages on Village Street

1/2/3 Park View

This row of cottages is thought to be from the early 19th century but with later alterations especially on the rear elevation facing Village Street. The building is of two storeys, rendered with deep eaves and hipped roof – originally natural slate but

17 now unfortunately concrete tiles. Magilton (1977) mentions hood mouldings over mullioned windows – but only hood mouldings now on gable and no mullions anywhere – uPVC windows rather than presumably originally timber.

1/2/3 Park View

The Smithy An estate cottage – very attractive (Magilton, 1977) since extended. Hipped roof originally Welsh slate but now unfortunately concrete tiles. Features mentioned by Magilton (hood mouldings, mullioned windows and achievement of arms) don‟t now appear to be evident. It is however still considered to be a key unlisted building due to its overall position and appearance.

The Smithy

Key unlisted features

As well as the key unlisted buildings there are also several unlisted features that make key contributions to the character and appearance of the conservation area. These are as follows:

War Memorial This monument is in a prominent location at the point of a fork in the western approach to the historic core of the village and marks the entrance to the conservation area.

The structure is a Celtic wheel cross on a rectangular plinth set on a stone flag platform approached by 3 stone steps. It is bounded on two of the three sides by limestone walls surmounted by tooled half round copings. The monument is constructed of Portland limestone with heavily tooled surface. On the front elevation, inscribed into the monument, there is a commemoration inscription below which are the names of 7 men from village who died in the First World War. It also has the names of 3 men from the village who died in the Second World War engraved on the left hand side of the monument.

The monument is of local historic significance for the village of Burghwallis documenting the men who died in 2 world wars which would have had a profound effect on such a small village community. The monument was unveiled on Saturday 15th April 1922 and is part of the national wave of monument building in towns and villages across the country to recognise this loss after the First World War.

Ha-ha The immediate grounds of the former Burghwallis Hall, now St. Anne‟s Rest Home, are separated from its historic wider landscape by a ha-ha. This ha-ha stretches along the southern edge of the historic village and forms the current boundary of the conservation area.

A ha-ha is a landscape feature that has one sloped turfed side and one vertical side faced with a masonry retaining wall. At Burghwallis the wall is thinly coursed limestone rubble. It was used in landscape garden design to keep grazing livestock out of a garden while providing an uninterrupted view from the main house. Before mechanical lawnmowers, it was a common to keep large areas of grassland trimmed by livestock, usually sheep, and the ha-ha kept these grazing animals away from the immediate grounds of the house. The name „ha-ha‟ was given to the feature because of the unexpected (i.e., amusing) moment of discovery when, on nearing the feature it suddenly becomes visible.

Village Pump

Situated in the old village at the top of Pump Lane, The Village Pump was once the focal point of rural life providing the only water supply to communities and offering a place in town squares and village greens for people to come together.

It is cast iron and by its style appears to date from mid to late 19th century. It has a ringed shaft with a fluted head with domed top, with plain spout and handle.

Tomb Chest

Situated within the grave yard of the Church of St. Helen. It dates from the early 19th century and complements both the church and the listed and scheduled cross with the listed grave slab also being close by. It is of sandstone and is rectangular in plan and has a chamfered plinth with incised oval panels to all sides and columns inscribed to corners with an overhanging covering slab. The slab is plain and is inscribed with the following epitaph:

In Memory of GEORGE HOBSON who departed this life the 28th day of August 1806 in the 58th Year of his age He possessed an amiable and virtuous disposition which rendered him dear to his family and friends by whom his loss is much and deservedly lamented

Other Positive Buildings

As well as the above there are also many other buildings that make a positive contribution to the area and which are shown on Map 2 – Positive Features and feature materials and details outlined in the next section. Unfortunately some have had inappropriate extensions and/or other alterations and this is discussed later in Section 10.

School House, a positive building although alterations/extensions detract

7. Traditional Building Materials and Local Details

As noted above, Burghwallis can be seen as having three main character areas, with the west and central areas containing the most historic buildings.

Within the westernmost area the historic building are generally small scale with a limited palette of materials, limestone rubble and render for walls and historically natural slate or natural red clay pantiles for roofs although unfortunately some have now been replaced with concrete roof tiles which will be discussed later. Roofs tend to be hipped when associated with slate. Buildings are generally of two storeys and of a narrow span. They generally have a simple form, with plain frontages without projections. Roofs are steeply pitched (approximately 35-45 degrees) and window openings are either square or vertically proportioned. Chimneys tend to be within the shell of the property and add interest to the roofscape – these should be proportionate to the building as otherwise these can look spindly.

Sketch of typical form

New dwellings built in tradition form, material and detailing

Windows and doors can make an important contribution to the look of a property. On listed buildings these are protected. As timber is a traditional material and enables more elegant details to be constructed its use is recommended especially on historic buildings or buildings designed in a traditional manner. Unfortunately some of the original windows and doors in Burghwallis have been replaced with poor copies often in uPVC (see later in Negative Features).

Examples of traditional window styles

Examples of traditional door styles

Example of doors that would not usually be suitable on properties within historic villages

Within the central area, buildings have more social presence and are more unique in their forms and detailing. The dwellings can however be seen as being more elaborate versions of the dwellings within the western area. Those buildings within the eastern area are more suburban in their detailing. There is less regard for local distinctiveness, but render and limestone are still apparent as a wall material. The main feature of this area is the green character which is discussed later.

Suburban dwellings within eastern area of conservation area

Public Realm Within the Conservation Area the public realm contains features that add to the local distinctiveness of the area. These include street furniture, monuments and the materials used on the pavements and side roads. Some features may be more prominent than others, whilst some may not be original they still add to the character of the area. Stone boundary walls and gate piers are an important feature throughout the conservation area.

War Memorial Traditional Street Lighting

Village Pump Stone protecting corner

Stone walls Stone gate piers

Well Lane, like others in the conservation area, appears very rural due to it being an unmade track with grass down its middle. Whilst Grange Lane has a pavement along it, Abbe‟s Walk does not and which adds to the latter‟s country feel.

Well Lane

Unmade lane

When changes are proposed to the public realm the above elements should be used to guide the choice of materials and design.

8. Character and Relationship of the Spaces in the Area. Open spaces, such as gardens, car parks and playing fields can contribute to the Conservation Area as much as the buildings. Trees and green spaces are dealt with in Section 9 of this document and are indicated on Map 2 at the rear of this appraisal.

Burghwallis is surrounded by open space with arable land, scattered woodlands and hedgerow trees forming a backdrop for the village and maintaining its rural character. There is open space within the grounds of St Anne‟s Rest Home which due to the open nature of its frontages provides a break from the dense hedgerows either side. Grange Lane, the main road through Burghwallis, is lined with boundary trees and hedgerows and will be discussed further in Section 9.

Break in dense tree cover and hedgerows caused by frontage to St. Anne‟s Rest Home

The war memorial within its garden helps mark the beginning of the conservation area. The pinfold just outside the current boundary of the conservation area provides a sense of destination to Well Lane. The ha-ha that lies to the south of St. Anne‟s Rest Home gives a very define edge to its grounds as well as the conservation area. The former “Burghwallis Park” (fields bounded by woodland) to the south of the ha- ha forms part of the historic setting of the Conservation Area.

Former Burghwallis Park

The watercourse running along Abbe‟s Walk adds visual movement and audibly to the ambience of the conservation area.

Watercourse to side of Abbe‟s Walk

9. Green Spaces and Trees The eastern gateways to the conservation area are bordered by continuous lines of hedgerow trees and feel very enclosed. This sense of enclosure is maintained along Grange Lane past the Church of St. Helen and St. Anne‟s Rest Home, which is enclosed on both sides with mature and semi-mature trees and hedgerows as far as The Grange on the south side of the road. With the increase in density of properties in the western part of the conservation area comes a decrease in tree coverage, although there are still a few trees in the frontages of properties in this area.

Grange Lane The central and eastern parts of the conservation area contain generally larger properties, many of more recent origin, set in larger grounds. The majority of these have mature and semi-mature trees in their grounds and along their boundaries, which helps emphasise the rural character of the village as well as helping with the setting of key buildings, such as Dower House.

Trees add to the setting of Dower House

The church yard and the adjoining gardens of The Old Rectory and St. Anne‟s Rest Home also help create a central wedge of open space that as well as complement these historic buildings also create a contrast to the dense surrounding woodland and built forms elsewhere. The views across from the Rest Home to the church and back, as well as beyond, are important. There is a special relationship between the Old Rectory, Church and Rest Home. The extensive grounds of the Rest Home contain many large mature trees, which along with other trees that border the access road to the Church of St Helen provide an almost avenue approach to the church and a backdrop to the old village centre.

Trees give an avenue effect to the lane to the Church of St. Helen Properties along the Abbe‟s Walk, the lowest part of the village, generally have hedges, shrubs and trees along the boundaries, which help provide a sheltered and tranquil effect leading to an avenue of Lime trees along the frontage of The Sycamores on the east side of the road.

Abbe‟s Walk

The tree stock of Burghwallis comprises a number of species, but Sycamore, Horse Chestnut and Ash are the species that contribute most to the character of the treescape. These species are mainly found in the roadside and boundary plantings. More exotic species can be found in the grounds of St. Anne‟s Rest Home and private gardens. After the ravages of Dutch elm Disease it is pleasing to see an Elm tree now established near Home Farm. There is also known to be a Yellow Wood (Cladrastis kentukea), probably the only specimen in Doncaster, in the grounds of The Old Garden Forecourts.

The key tree species of the conservation area and their percentage in the landscape:

Frequent % Occasional % Rare % Sycamore 50 Beech 5 Elm <1 Horse Chestnut 15 Birch 5 Pine <1 Ash 15 Cypress 4 Cedar <1 Lime 3 Yew 3

The functions of trees in the conservation area:

 screening, shelter and enclosure (especially in the central and eastern areas);  background to views into, out of and within the conservation area;  avenue (for example at the entrance to the Church of St. Helen, and in front of The Sycamores);  specimen trees; and  setting of listed buildings (St. Anne‟s Rest Home, the Church of St. Helen and Old Rectory) and key unlisted buildings (Dower House)

Close up aerial view of conservation area showing trees and green open spaces

In recognition of the special contribution that trees can make to the character and appearance of conservation areas, they are afforded a level of protection similar to that of a Tree Preservation Order. Doncaster Council must be notified in writing 6 weeks before any work is carried out so that it has opportunity no assess whether the proposed work will harm the character and appearance of the conservation area. Any person removing or pruning a tree within a conservation area without first giving this statutory notification is guilty of a criminal offence and liable on summary conviction to a heavy fine.

10. Negative Features Negative Features are described in the English Heritage guidance as elements that detract from the special character of the area. In terms of the Burghwallis Conservation Area, there are fortunately only a few negative features, these are shown on Map 3 as well as outlined below.

Old Church Hall The Old Church Hall has tried to use traditional materials with its use of limestone and clay pantiles but the modern large corner window spanning over the two floors intrudes and seems at odds with the rest of the building‟s form. Its closeness to the street is out of keeping with this particular part of the conservation area, where greenery provided by roadside trees and hedgerows is very much a feature. It did however replace the old village hall which was also directly onto the street and was not itself of historic interest.

The Old Church Hall

Garage and tarmac frontage to Byeways This garage is on a prominent corner, with Well Lane leading off to its side. Its form, materials and size make this area feel suburban (wide span to height, shallow pitch, wide door opening, artificial stone and concrete roof tiles) and the amount of tarmac to Byeways‟s garden detract from its rural location and situation in a historic part of the conservation area. Byeways itself is also suburban in character but has less presence and therefore is considered neutral as discussed later.

Garage to Byeways

Front Garden of the Old Barn

Similarly the front garden of the nearby Old Barn is considered to be alien due to its lack of greenery and the use of tarmac – although the boundary wall helps to give some rural feel to the area (see later entry for Old Barn in Neutral Features).

Inappropriate Repair and Replacement Sometimes maintenance has been carried out in unsympathetic materials and design. The loss of original doors and windows and their replacements in modern material and with limited detailing is particularly noticeable. The use of concrete tiles rather than the original materials of natural slates or natural red clay tiles also detracts from the character of the area. When this occurs on historic buildings it robs them of much of their character and the re-instatement of more appropriate traditional features is supported.

Concrete tiled roofs and uPVC windows can give a more suburban look to historic buildings belaying their rural origins. Due to its historic form however this particular building is still considered to make a positive contribution overall.

Extensions and Alterations

Some properties in Burghwallis have had minor additions such as conservatories, dormers or porches, which due to their size may not have required planning permission or which occurred prior to the area being designated a conservation area. Some of these can have a negative impact if they have not been designed to reflect the traditional features of the host building or are over-large.

Flat roofed rear extensions are out of keeping with the host building

11. Neutral Features Neutral Features are described as areas that neither enhance nor detract from the character and appearance of the conservation area. Old Barn Whilst this building is constructed of limestone it has a suburban feel to it. From its name it was presumably a rebuilding of a barn previously on the site but has lost its barn-like appearance and character. It is on a prominent corner of the conservation area on the entrance to Village Street, which is one of the more historic areas of the conservation area. The horizontal proportion of some of its windows, the projecting entrance block, the front bay window, concrete roof tiles and deep eaves bargeboard add elements that are not traditional in their nature. It size also gives an over- imposing feel to the building and the open aspect of the front garden further erodes the rural character elsewhere in the conservation area (See Negative Features above) – although this could be helped with the planting of character tree species to its frontage. The retained limestone wall also helps in retaining a rural character.

The Old Barn

Bungalows Modern bungalows are out of context to the surrounding dwellings as they are suburban in their appearance. However due to their size and set back they are not that apparent within the streetscene and therefore have limited impact on the conservation area. Bungalows include Old Orchard and Byeways.

Old Orchard Byeways

The Laurels Whilst the building attempts to adopt traditional forms it is let down by the use of concrete tiles for its roof and crude uPVC detailing of its gables, eaves and windows, however as it is not on the main street of Village Street its impact is to some extent limited.

The Laurels

Baildon Its form is suburban with large spans and shallow roof and the use of sandstone (as opposed to the local limestone) and concrete roof tiles are not traditional materials of the area. Again however it is not directly on Village Street and so has less impact than it may have had elsewhere in this part of the conservation area.

Baildon Charlton Similar to the suburban developments mentioned above, its form, materials, and detailing are alien to the historic rural character. It is however hidden behind tall stone walls and mature landscaping and so has less impact on the character and appearance of the conservation area than may otherwise have been the case.

Charlton

New Rectory Again the building has suburban form and features with large span shallow pitched concrete tiled roof, picture windows and buff brick walls. It is however not on the main village streets and so is considered neutral to the conservation area in general although, in terms of its impact on the setting of the listed church, it would be considered to have a negative impact.

New Rectory

Suburban and Modern Developments within the Eastern Area of Conservation Area Within this area there are modern houses which are suburban in detail as opposed to the historic properties in other parts of the conservation area. Buildings however are often set back from the road and behind trees which reduces their impact.

Leylandii Hedges Whilst planting can add to the greenness of the area and provides a natural foil to the buildings, boundaries that are formed by Leylandii and similar conifers can be rather dull and monotonous and give a more suburban feel to the area. Replacement with species more consistent with the local landscape character, such as holly or beech would be welcome.

Conifer hedges can make an area feel suburban

12. Conditions of Buildings The condition of the buildings within Burghwallis Conservation Area, does not raise any concerns, however the negative impact of alterations and repairs to some buildings which have been carried out unsympathetically, as mentioned previously, does.

13. Problems, Pressures and Capacity for Change Burghwallis has a rich history and retains many buildings of historical significance with little redevelopment taking place within the older parts of the village. There is however pressure to redevelop areas within the village given its attractive character. The conservation area has a large amount of green open space and there have already been some demands for some of this land to be used for housing. There has for example been recent approval for housing within the grounds of „The Sycamores‟. Any further new developments need to be at a relatively low density and should not be at the expense of the general green character. New developments should also not encroach and/or destroy the setting of listing buildings and key unlisted buildings. Any new builds within the conservation area should be embedded with key characteristics of the area as discussed in Section 7. The older buildings have a distinct character, however unfortunately sometimes when owners try to improve their properties this has resulted in the loss of original features and the introduction of uPVC windows and doors, and concrete tiles on roofs, all of which can be detrimental to both historic buildings and the surrounding area. The restoration of buildings using traditional materials and detailing is to be encouraged. Whilst there are examples of more recent builds which generally respect the historical rural feel of the area there are also unfortunately some modern buildings which are out of character. There is therefore the opportunity to use more sympathetic details and materials when carry out alterations to these. Where more intensive works are envisaged there is the potential to replace those buildings that are considered to make either a neutral or negative contribution with new development if they are designed to be more in keeping with the character and appearance of an historic village.

14. Suggested Boundary Changes The conservation area was designated in 1978. The boundary contains the historic heart of the village and includes most the listed structures within the village and the scheduled monument. The boundary is in the main still appropriate for Burghwallis Conservation Area as all significant historic dwellings and spaces which contribute to its character and appearance are protected. However it is considered that the pinfold should also be added given both its historic appearance and its importance as a visual termination of Well Lane. The inclusion of the former Burghwallis Park was also considered but whilst it definitely adds to the setting of the conservation area as an entity was not considered to warrant inclusion within the conservation area itself. However, the landscape feature of the park which are the copse and spinney, that borders the current boundary and Abbe‟s Walk are to be included as they do add to the conservation area as they reinforce the sylvan character of this area.

15. Summary of Special Interest The special interest of Burghwallis Conservation Area is due to:

 being an ancient rural settlement mentioned in the Domesday Book as Burg  the Church of St. Helen  the old Burghwallis Hall (now St. Anne‟s Rest Home) and its immediate grounds  the estate buildings and other old buildings clustered along Old Village Street to the west  its low density of development  limited range of materials . Limestone which is rendered on some buildings. . Principle roof materials are slate and clay pantiles.  limestone boundary walls  high degree of tree canopy coverage, particularly . the massing of hedgerow, roadside and garden trees in the central and eastern areas; . specimen trees in the grounds of St. Anne‟s Rest Home and the Church of St. Helen; and . individual trees in the western area.  rich green character of gardens

Part II-Management Proposals 16. Management Proposals Under section 71 (1) of the planning (listed buildings and conservation areas) Act 1990, the Borough Council is required to periodically review its conservation areas and to publish proposals for their preservation and its enhancement. The purpose of the Management Proposals is to describe mid to long-term strategies for preserving and enhancing the special character and appearance of the conservation area. The management proposal is set out the actions needed to address the issues raised in the conservation area appraisal. The proposal document recommends both the provision of good practise guidance information to clarify the existing powers and proposes an increase in local authority controls within the area. This includes recommendations for further work required for their implementation. It is likely that most, if not all, of the actions itemised as „Recommendations‟ will have to be co-ordinated by Doncaster Council, possibly helped by Funding from outside sources such as English Heritage or Heritage Lottery. It is accepted that, of necessity, actions will all need to be prioritised according to the availability of resources and it may not be possible to achieve all those scheduled.

Recommendations: The Management Proposals recommend that: General 1. The council should use „Burghwallis Conservation Area Appraisal Part 1: Appraisal‟ as a material consideration in determining planning applications.

2. The council should adopt the „Burghwallis Conservation Area Appraisal Part 2: Management Proposals‟ as a proposed action plan for the preservation and enhancement of the conservation area.

3. The conservation area boundaries should be amended as recommended in Section 14.

4. There is commitment to a five yearly review of the management of the conservation area. Development Management 5. The council should actively promote the protection of listed, key unlisted and positive buildings in the conservation area. The council would be unlikely to grant consent for the demolition of listed, key unlisted or positive buildings, whereas depending on the merits of proposed replacements, buildings that are neutral could be considered for demolition, and demolition would be positively welcomed for negative buildings.

6. The council should undertake a heritage survey on all key buildings in the conservation area to ascertain the rate of survival of original elements that contribute positively to the character and appearance of the conservation area, such as roof coverings, windows and doors.

7. The council should ensure that development within the conservation area complements the size and scale of the existing traditional buildings, and respects the overall historic nature of this conservation area. Maintenance and improvements 8. The council should seek, with its partners, the implementation of grant schemes to maintain and improve the historic buildings, features and spaces within the conservation area. This will be linked to Doncaster Council‟s Heritage at Risk Strategy.

9. The council should complete an assessment of tree cover in the area and produce a strategy for the management of trees and other landscape features within the conservation area.

10. The council should work interdepartmentally and with other bodies to ensure that any works to the public realm respect the special character and appearance of the conservation area.

Increasing awareness and understanding 11. The council should ensure that there is the preparation and formal adoption of guidance explaining conservation policy and good practise and its promotion. Such guidance should include:  Sympathetic repair and alterations to historic buildings  Guidelines for replacement dwellings.

12. The council should ensure that the conservation area links into both the Strategic and Local Green Infrastructures routes and policies. Green Infrastructures are a way of linking heritage, ecology and recreational assets so as to form a network of spaces, and as such, conservation areas are seen as an importance contributor.

Appendix I Useful Information & Contact Details Sources of Information Design and Conservation Team Doncaster Civic Trust Built and Natural Environment 43 Ellers Avenue, Bessacarr, Service Improvement and Planning Doncaster, DN4 7DY Policy E-mail: Regeneration and Environment [email protected] Doncaster Metropolitan Borough Council Civic Office, Waterdale, English Heritage - Yorkshire and Doncaster, DN1 3BU the Humber Region Telephone: 01302 734922 37 Tanner Row E-mail: York Y01 6WP [email protected] Telephone: 01904 601 901 Website: Website: www.english- www.doncaster.gov.uk/planning heritage.org.uk

Local History Library Society for the protection of Reference Library, Central Library Ancient Buildings (SPAB) Waterdale Doncaster DN1 3JE 37 Spital Square Telephone: 01302 734320 London E1 6DY E-mail: Telephone: 020 7377 1644 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.doncaster.gov.uk Website: www.spab.org.uk/

Doncaster Archives Georgian Group King Edward Road, Balby 6 Fitzroy Square, Doncaster DN4 0NA London W1T 5DX Telephone: 01302 859811 Telephone 087 1750 2936 E-mail: E-mail [email protected] [email protected] The Victorian Society (South k Yorkshire Group) Website: www.doncaster.gov.uk

Graham Hague, South Yorkshire Archaeology 39 Cobden View Road Services Sheffield S10 1HP Howden House, 1 Union Street Telephone: 0114 268 6729 Sheffield S1 2SH E-mail: Telephone: 0114 2736354 / 2736428 [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sheffield.gov.uk

Bibliography Margaret L.P. Burns, Burghwallis and Bentley: A Comparative Study of the Development of two South Yorkshire Parishes'

English Heritage (2011) Understanding Place: Conservation Area Designation, Appraisal and Management

Magilton, J.R. (1977) The Doncaster District: An Archaeological Survey, Doncaster Museums & Arts Service http://burghwallis.com/history/index.php http://www.pastscape.org.uk http://www.sytimescapes.org.uk

Appendix II

Selective Policies of Doncaster Local Development Framework and Doncaster Unitary Development Plan

Doncaster Local Development Framework - Core Strategy

CS 2 Growth and Regeneration Strategy

CS 7 Retail and Town Centres

CS 10 Housing requirement, land supply and phasing

CS 11 Housing renewal and Regeneration

CS 14 Design and Sustainable Construction

CS 15 Valuing our Historic Environment

CS 16 Valuing our Natural Environment

Saved Policies of the Doncaster Unitary Development Plan

ENV 21 Protection of trees

ENV 25 Conservation Areas

ENV 26 Demolition of buildings in Conservation Areas

ENV 36 Archaeological evaluation of sites

ENV 37 Development affecting Archaeological sites

ENV 38 Protection of sites from development

ENV 53 Scale and appearance of new dwellings

ENV 54 Alterations and extensions

ENV 59 Protection of trees on development sites

PH9-PH12 Residential Policy Areas

PH16 &17 Priority Residential Policy Areas

Appendix III

Archaeological finds in the Burghwallis area The following list is taken from the South Yorkshire SMR

Name Type of Record HER Grid Number reference St. Helen‟s Church Monument 00303/01 SE 536 120 (Church) Robin Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Monument (Fort) 00046/01 SE 519 120 Burghwallis Cross Monument (Cross) 00297/01 SE 537 120 Roman Hood‟s Well Monument (Folly) 03894/01 SE 519 117 Skellow Grange (demolished) Monument 03989/01 SE 526 113 (House) Mound of Earth associated with Monument 03595/01 SE 536 120 former ice house (Icehouse) Iron Age or Romano-British Monument 02525/01 SE 523 119 Unclassified Cropmark (Cropmark) Iron Age or Romano-British Monument 00051/01 SE 522 116 Rectangular Enclosure (Enclosure) Iron Age or Romano-British Linear Monument (Road) 02797/01 SE 522 116 Feature (possibly a lane) Small Curvilinear Enclosure Monument 03813/01 SE 536 125 (Enclosure) Burghwallis Hall Park Monument (Park) 00454/02 SE 536 118 Burghwallis Hall Monument (Hall 00454/01 SE 536 120 House) Iron Age or Romano-British Monument 02796/01 SE 521 113 Enclosure, south of Robin Hood‟s (Enclosure) Well Roman Fort D-shaped Enclosure Monument 03812/01 SE 534 123 (Enclosure) Romano-British Pottery Scatter, Find Spot 03383/01 SE 576 103 Wickham Field Plantation Roman brooch associated with Find Spot 00046/05 SE 519 118 Robin Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Roman coin associated with Robin Find Spot 00046/04 SE 519 118 Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Roman coin associated with Robin Find Spot 00046/03 SE 519 118 Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Roman coin associated with Robin Find Spot 00046/02 SE 519 118 Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Miscellaneous finds associated with Find Spot 00046/06 SE 519 118 Robin Hood‟s Well Roman Fort Unprovenanced Roman Coin Find Spot 01801/01 Not known Unprovenanced Roman Coin Find Spot 01800/01 Not known

Appendix IV

Listed Buildings in and around Burghwallis Conservation Area

Church of St Helen

BURGHWALLIS, GRANGE LANE SE 51 SW (south side, off)

3/67 Church of St. Helen

5.6.68

GV I

Church. C10-C11 and C12 with C14-C16 alterations; restored 1864 and 1883. Rubble, partly laid in herringbone fashion, red tile roofs. West tower, 3-bay nave with south porch, narrower 3-bay chancel with north vestry. Tower: C13, 3 stages; chamfered plinth, large quoins to irregular rubble, offsets at string courses between stages. Round-headed loops to west and south; small circular window reset in 2nd stage on north side; belfry stage has paired lancet openings divided by shafts; C15 top with string course and gargoyles beneath embattled ashlar parapet with 8 crocketed pinnacles. Nave: south side has partly exposed plinth and large quoins to herringbone walling. Plain ashlar C14/C15 porch has pointed-arched door with hoodmould and coped gable to ribbed ashlar roof; altered Saxon south door within has renewed jambs and segmental head beneath round arch. To right of porch a

54 square-headed, 3-light Perpendicular window and a renewed lancet window. Herringbone-work to lower part of north wall; C19 buttress built across a small square-headed north doorway flanked by 2-light windows, both cusped and with quatrefoils beneath pointed arches. East gable copings with apex cross. Chancel: lower; herringbone-work on south side extended to east in large squared stone, large quoins. Slightly-pointed priests' door flanked by windows as north of nave; buttress to right with a shorter C19 window, in same style, beyond; gable copings with cross. C19 gabled north vestry with door to east and reused C15/C16 north window of 2 quinquefoiled lights. Ashlar east end of chancel has a pointed, 3-light Perpendicular window with chamfered surround and hoodmould.

Interior: tower arch has C12 semi-circular responds to a C13 pointed arch, the inner order chamfered. Nave: C19 roof with moulded tie beams, crown posts and collar purlin. Chancel: semi-octagonal responds to broad, double-chamfered pointed arch; blind arch into north vestry; stone sedilia bench with shaped arms; pre- Reformation altar slab (reinstated 1930); C19 barrel-vaulted roof. Fittings: Gothic Revival balcony built across tower arch; Round font bowl (possibly C12) set on later octagonal shaft. Late medieval rood screen, restored in 1881, is of 2 : 2 : 2 divisions with ogee arches subdivided by pendants, vaulted canopy and cornice with carved vine trail and cresting. Oak panelling round east end, reredos of 1885. Monuments: numerous medieval cross slabs; in the nave a slab with brass of knight in armour thought to be Thomas Gascoigne (d.1554), to its north a slab to William Adam (d.1554) with rhymed inscription in old English. Slab to south of the altar has jewelled cross with book and chalice and inscription round rim to Richard Lyndall, rector (d.1460); to north of altar a similar but unjewelled cross with rim inscription to Henry Gascoigne, rector, (d.1540). Other slabs and fragments detailed elsewhere (Ryder, pp41-43).

P. F. Ryder, Saxon churches in South Yorkshire, County Archaeology Monograph No.2, 1982, pp35-43.

Listing NGR: SE5369612027

St Anne's Rest Home

BURGHWALLIS GRANGE LANE SE 51 SW (south side, off)

3/70 St. Anne's Rest Home

GV II*

Large house now a rest home. Probably early C16, extended 1797 for George Anne (Miller, p293) and altered c1820 for Michael Anne; later additions. Rubble magnesian limestone, C20 cement-tile roof. 2 storeys with attics; H-plan C16 house with 5 x 1 bay late C18 range built parallel to southern cross-wing. Entrance front (to east): chamfered plinth, large quoins. Entrance in left (south) crossing of H-plan via a C19 Gothic Revival porch having shafts to moulded arch flanked by diagonal buttresses rising as spirelets; on right of, and above porch are sashes with glazing bars in quoined surrounds; 3-light, double-chamfered, mullioned attic window. Central recess, to right, has a large external stack corbelled out at 1st-floor level with offset shoulders at eaves and shaft now without flues. Ground floor has two C20 casements in quoined surrounds on left of stack and similar window on right; to 1st floor on left of stack is another section of corbelled wall with sash to its left; to right of stack a centre-pivoted casement. Right cross-wing: 2-light, ground-floor window in quoined surround beneath relieving arch has an 8-pane sash and matching casement; 1st-floor and attic openings as left cross-wing. Added C18 range, set forward on far left, has a tall sash with glazing bars beneath relieving arch to ground and 1st floors (both walled-up internally); attic storey of 1820 lit by 3- light, mullioned window. C19 kneelers and gable copings throughout, stacks at

56 eaves on right of both left-hand wings. Rear: from internal angles of H-plan rise gabled 3-storey stair turrets with some 6-pane sashes and 3-light, mullioned attic windows. Left return: sashes with glazing bars in chamfered, quoined surrounds; cut-back cornice beneath 5 blind gables of 1820.

Interior: exposed C16 trusses over south cross-wing have principal rafters with straight-braced collars; 3 trusses over hall-block obscured; attic of hall-block contains a priests' hiding hole. Former home of the recusant Anne family. An early C19 sketch of the house shows the 1797 wing stuccoed and pedimented. Later additions to north not of special interest.

E. Miller, The History and Antiquities of Doncaster, 1804.

Listing NGR: SE5362711978

Home Farm

BURGHWALLIS SE 51 SW

3/65 Home Farmhouse

5.6.68

GV II

Farmhouse. Mid C17 with later additions. Cement rendered, stone slate eaves courses to C20 pantile roof. 2 storeys with cellars and attics, 4 windows to 1st floor; 2-storey, l-bay addition on left; C20 1-storey addition to rear right. Door to left in chamfered, quoined surround with deep lintel and dripstone, on its right a round- headed casement; flanking windows and that to far right all have casements with glazing bars in 2-light double-chamfered, mullioned surrounds with dripstones. 1st floor: 2-light windows as ground floor; small double-chamfered window with dripstone between windows 2 and 3. Ashlar gable copings with small brick end stack on left and ridge stack between windows 2 and 3. Addition on left has door with combined casement to left and 2-light casement over. Rear: C20 addition on left with windows in keeping; two 2-light windows on right as front, that on right now a door. Right return: two unglazed 2-light mullioned cellar windows; ground-floor casement, double-chamfered, 2-light attic window with dripstone.

Listing NGR: SE5347611860

The Old Rectory and St Anthony's

BURGHWALLIS, GRANGE LANE SE 51 SW (south side, off)

3/66 The Old Rectory and St. Anthony's

GV II

Rectory now 3 dwellings. Rebuilt 1815 by J. P. Pritchett and Charles Watson (Colvin p665). Roughcast brick, C20 tile and Welsh slate roofs. The Old Rectory: 2 storeys and attics, 3 x 2 bays; shallower wing set back on left (St. Anthony's) is of 3 storeys and 5 bays. The Old Rectory: plinth. Central, single-store, porch with angled corners and double part-glazed doors beneath fanlight with radial glazing bars; pedimented gable. Outer bays have projecting sills to tall sashes with glazing bars. 1st floor: shorter sashes with glazing bars, the central sash of 16 panes. Eaves cornice and broad gable copings surmounted by corniced end stacks an each roof slope; similar central ridge stack. Right return: French window on left, other bays on each floor have blind window recesses; pedimented gable with glazed oculus in tympanum. St. Anthony's (of less interest) has central wooden porch with 16-pane sash on left and with glazed door and small casement beyond; tall sash with glazing bars on right with door and small casement beyond. Sashes with glazing bars to 1st floor; 6-pane sashes to 2nd floor. Rebuilt brick end stack on left and similar central ridge stack. Blind windows on left return.

H. Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600-1840, 1978 ed.

Listing NGR: SE5373112072

Cross (remains)

BURGHWALLIS, GRANGE LANE SE 51 SW (south side, off)

3/68 Remains of medieval cross approximately 3 metres to south of porch to Church of St. Helen

GV II

Remains of cross. Probably late medieval, C20 addition. Magnesian limestone. Square base with very weathered corner detail, square shaft with stopped chamfers surmounted by C20 crucifixion beneath pitched-roof canopy.

Listing NGR: SE5369312014

Coward Family Gravestone

BURGHWALLIS GRANGE LANE SE 51 SW (south side, off)

3/69 Coward family gravestone situated approximately 2 metres to south of priests' door to Church of St. Helen

GV II

Gravestone. Late C18. Ashlar. Horizontal, rectangular slab with fine inscription beneath scrolled pediment and with roundels in the top corners. Inscription records the death of James Coward on the 7th September, 1780 aged 27. 'In blooming youth unto this place I code, Readers repent your lot may be the same. The slab also records the death of James' parents: Ann Coward (d.1786), aged 86) and Thomas (d.1794, aged 78). Well preserved and good example.

Listing NGR: SE5370012015

Pinfold

BURGHWALLIS

1487/0/10011 WELL LANE 17-JUN-10 Pinfold

II Village pinfold or pound, mid C18 or earlier of limestone construction.

PLAN: Roughly U-shaped formed at the end of a sloping lane leading from the village to the common fields. The south east corner is angled, while the south west is curved and contains an entrance. The east and west walls of the pinfold continue

61 beyond the pinfold's northern boundary wall flanking the lower section of the former lane.

DESCRIPTION: The pinfold is roughly U-shaped in plan and approximately 5.7m wide. The enclosing walls are constructed of roughly-coursed limestone, with curved coping stones. The north wall, which has been strengthened by vertical orthostats and has steps at its west end, stands a few courses high and carries a modern sewerage pipe; on the south side, the walls rise to approximately 1.5m in accordance with the drop in ground level. The entrance, with a modern gate, is situated in the south west corner. There is a small stone-lined watering trough in the centre of the pinfold fed by a natural spring, and a later low stone built platform against the west wall.

HISTORY: Documentary evidence for the presence of a pinfold at Burghwallis can be traced through the Anne family Squire record to 1753. Here the Manor Court Book states that the pinder for the period 1753 -1758 was Thomas Mallinson. He was succeeded by his wife, Dorothy, who remained in post for the next 17 years. Records from the 1780 Burghwallis Manor Court Jury provide evidence for the holding of sheep, pigs and horses or beasts. It is considered that these records refer to the present structure located adjacent to former common grazing land and a quarry, the most likely source of its building materials. The form of existing field boundaries on the 1813 Enclosure Award map are thought to indicate the location of the pinfold at the south end of an access route from the village to the common fields beyond. It is not depicted on subsequent Ordnance Survey editions presumably as it had gone out of use at enclosure.

SOURCES: Margaret L.P. Burns `Burghwallis and Bentley: A Comparative Study of the Development of two South Yorkshire Parishes' http://burghwallis.com/pdf/Burghwallis%20%20&%20Bentley%20Full%20&%20Map s.pdf (Accessed 20-Apr-2009) B.M. Willmott Dobbie, `Pounds or Pinfolds, and Lockups: Beast and Man in Custody' (Bath, 1979) Edwin Pretty, Pinfolds in the Doncaster Borough `Yesterday Today: Doncaster's Local History Review' (Issue no.40 - April 2003)

Appendix V

Community involvement

Involving the community (and raising public awareness) has been part of the appraisal process. This has been undertaken by:

 The draft appraisal was passed to Burghwallis Neighbourhood Plan Working Group, Burghwallis Parish Council and Doncaster Civic Trust  An e-mail was sent on 3 November 2014 to the Chair and Vice Chair of Planning Committee and Local Ward Members, informing them of the appraisal, the forthcoming consultation and welcoming comments  Copies of the draft appraisal as well as were left with members of Burghwallis Parish Council on 4 November 2014  On 6 November site notices were erected throughout Burghwallis Conservation Area  On the same date the appraisal was made available on the Council‟s website welcoming comments  Flyers were delivered to 120 Burghwallis households to advertise of the conservation appraisal and welcoming comment  The Consultation Period officially started from 10 November to 15 December 2014  A public notice was placed in the Doncaster Star on 13 November 2014 advertising the forthcoming start of the consultation period for the draft appraisal and asking for comments  An officer attended the Neighbourhood Plan public meeting on the 24 December 2014 to discuss the Burghwallis Conservation Area appraisal

Comments As a result of the consultation four member of the public responded.  One wrote in with congratulations on the comprehensive nature of the document and agreed with all the recommendations. However pointed out that the proposed date of one of the buildings was in error,  One wrote in voicing concerns over potential redevelopment of St. Anne‟s Rest Home and asked for it to be given further protection,  One wrote in recommending amendment to the description of one of the key unlisted buildings, and  One wrote in querying the accuracy of the maps showing tree coverage

Burghwallis Neighbourhood Plan Working Group asked that names were consistent between the Neighbourhood Plan and the Conservation Area Appraisal, that descriptions for all Key Unlisted Features be included and that a list of archaeological features be provided. This would ensure that together the two documents would work together to ultimately give further protection to the heritage assets of the conservation area. They also assisted with the accuracy of some of the descriptions. The Burghwallis Conservation Area appraisal is to be included as an appendix to the Burghwallis Neighbourhood Plan.

Burghwallis Parish Council made comments on archaeology which endorsed those made in the appraisal. They felt that the grounds of St. Anne‟s/Burghwallis Hall did not appear to be covered in the appraisal and that the conservation area should cover Burghwallis Park, including Squirrel Wood.

Doncaster Civic Trust made several suggested amendments to text as well as assisting with the buildings‟ histories and descriptions. They recommended mentioning the village‟s elevated position and also expanding on the section on Traditional Building Materials. They thought the „Old Barn‟ was more neutral than negative, but that the „Old Church Hall‟ was more negative than neutral. They also raised concerns on the potential redevelopment of the St. Anne‟s Rest Home. There was a request to make a clearer statement about what type of new development is likely to be acceptable within any part of the conservation area. They also agreed with including the pinfold in the conservation area, although voiced concerns how close two dwellings had come to it and were glad that that currently under construction was further away. They wondered however if the boundary should include all Burghwallis Park.

Responses and Amendments The appraisal has been amended with a revised history, building and feature descriptions expanded, ages amended, and the alteration of merit of some of the buildings all in light of comments mentioned above. Whilst concerns over the accuracy of tree coverage is noted, there will always be some variance, as trees are living organisms, and there will be times when trees will be removed due to their health or due to safety reasons. However, there would usually be a requirement for direct replacement so that general tree coverage will over time remain much the same.

The potential threat to St. Anne‟s Rest Home was noted and the wording has been strengthened during the production of the document in light of concerns but it should be noted that this is also covered by the high listed grading (II*) of the building. To ensure that the immediate grounds (those situated between Grange Land and the Ha-ha between the church and Charlton) are fully understood to be included within the conservation area and be part of its interest they are now mentioned in the description within the Introduction as well as being included within the Summary of Special Interest.

Further clarification was added about new developments that these be at a relatively low density to reflect the character of the majority of the conservation area, with plenty of space around new buildings and no encroachment on the key buildings in the centre of the conservation area.

The section on Traditional Building Materials was expanded to include chimneys, windows and doors, with illustrations of what would be considered appropriate and inappropriate in the conservation area.

An additional appendix was added that listed all archaeological finds in the Burghwallis area as recorded in the South Yorkshire SMR.

Further consideration was given to include the whole of the previous parkland but whilst adding to the setting of the conservation area was not thought to warrant inclusion of it all within the conservation area however the woodlands close to existing boundary are to be included as they reinforce the sylvan character of this part of the conservation area.