DOCSLIB.ORG

Actinobacillus Suis: an Update on Genotyping and Antibiotic ­Susceptibility Simone Oliveira, DVM

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Actinobacillus Suis: an Update on Genotyping and Antibiotic ­Susceptibility Simone Oliveira, DVM Sponsors University of Minnesota Collegeof Veterinary Medicine Collegeof Food,Agncultural and Natural ResourceSciences ExtensionService Swine Center Thank you to I DEXX Laboratories for their financialsupport to reproduceconference proceedi ngs ProductionAssistants StevenClaas Michael Klatt Layout and CD-ROM David Brown The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy Logo Design that all personsshall have equal accessto its programs, Ruth Cronje, and Jan Swanson; facilities, and employment without regard to race, color. basedon the original designby Dr. Robert Dunlop creed,religion, nationalorigin, sex. age,marital status. disability,public assistancestatus, or sexualorientation. ll 2006Allen D. LemanSwine Confbrence Actinobacillus suis: an update on genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility Simone Oliveira, DVM. MSc, PhD Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota Introduction Etiology and epidemiology Actinobacillus suis has emerged as a new threat to swine Actinobacillus suis is a Gram-negative bacterium that production. Recent data on isolation of this pathogen from colonizes the tonsils, nasal cavity, and vaginal mucosa of clinical samples submitted to the University of Minnesota healthy pigs. This organism is killed within 15 minutes at Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory has shown an increase a temperature of 60º C, it is sensitive to most disinfectants, of 0.4% or 13,547 cases during the fiscal year (FY) of 2005 and will die out within a few days in clinical specimens. Advanced Knowledge compared with FY 2002. Although swine veterinarians Affected animals include neonates, weaned, and finish- have made progress in developing prevention and control ing pigs. Historically, high morbidity and mortality due strategies to reduce mortality caused by other respira- to A. suis infection has been observed in high-health tory bacterial pathogens such as Haemophilus parasuis, herds, mainly associated with lack of immunity to this Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Streptococcus organism. suis, little is know about the epidemiology and control of A. suis. Pathogenesis and virulence factors The main questions are: Actinobacillus suis is a colonizer of the upper respira- • What are the main clinical presentations and lesions tory tract, and disease has been reproduced by intranasal Advanced Knowledge observed in the field inoculation. Invasion through abrasions in the skin and • What is the technology available for accurate diag- mucous membranes are also likely. One particularity of the nosis of A. suis systemic spread of A. suis is the formation of septic emboli, which will reach various organs forming microcolonies • Which organisms should be included in the differen- surrounded by areas of hemorrhage and necrosis. tial diagnosis of A. suis infection Potential virulence factors that have been reported for • Are there vaccines available in the market A. suis include the expression of capsule, specific lipo- • Is strain variability an issue polysaccharides, and toxins. At least 2 O antigens (LPS) have been described for A. suis: O1 and O2. O2 has been • Is serotyping and serological tests available found to be more prevalent among isolates recovered • Are antibiotic treatments effective? What are the main from lesions or submitted for production of autogenous drugs that can be used for prevention and treatment vaccines compared with O1 strains. Actinobacillus suis produces 2 toxins, which are similar to those produced Although limited information is currently available for by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: Apx I and Apx II. epidemiology and control of A. suis infections, interest These toxins are not identical between the 2 bacterial spe- by field veterinarians and researchers has simultaneously cies, but are very similar, resulting in the development of increased in the past few months. At the University of similar lesions caused by these microorganisms. Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, we are cur- rently working on the development of new diagnostic tests Clinical signs and lesions for detection and characterization of A. suis. Preliminary results are promising, and somewhat surprising. Actino- Clinical signs and lesions are particularly variable for A. bacillus suis differs considerably from other colonizers of suis. This organism may affect animals from different the upper respiratory tract in their clinical presentation, ages, and clinical signs and lesions may resemble those lesions, and molecular epidemiology. It is certainly a new caused by other organisms, such as Haemophilus parasuis, challenge for the swine industry. A. pleuropneumoniae, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, for example. Sudden death of suckling pigs may occur in pigs from 2 days to 3 weeks old. Lesions are usually char- acterized by cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages, fever (104 °F), and congestion of the extremities. Weaned pigs may 2006 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference 93 Simone Oliveira develop anorexia, fever, respiratory distress, pneumonia, tory. In this case, PCR can be used as an alternative tool and round/ rhomboid erythematous skin lesions. Sudden to help on the differential diagnosis of A. suis infection. death is also commonly observed. Actinobacillus suis can We have recently standardized PCR tests for detection of colonize the vaginal mucosa, and sows may develop metri- A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis in clinical samples tis and abortion. Finishing pigs may develop pneumonia, at the University of Minnesota VDL. We have also de- arthritis, fatal septicemia, and skin lesions. veloped new PCR tests for detection of A. suis and E. rhusiopathiae. These tests have been especially helpful Petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages may occur in the in the differential diagnosis of these pathogens. lung, kidneys, heart, liver, spleen, skin, and intestines. Pleurisy and pericarditis may also develop. Miliary ab- Serological tests are not available for diagnosis of A. suis scesses in several organs may result from the systemic infection. Antigens currently used for serotyping (O1/O2) spread of septic emboli. produce cross-reactions with convalescent sera from SPF pigs infected with P. multocida, H. parasuis, and A. pleu- Diagnosis ropneumoniae serotypes 1, 5 and 7. Clinical signs and lesions caused by A. suis are usu- ally non-specific, and differential diagnosis with other Molecular epidemiology pathogens that can cause septicemia is required. Lung Genotyping of A. suis has been previously performed Advanced Knowledge lesions caused by A. suis and A. pleuropneumoniae may using restriction endonuclease fingerprinting (REF) be indistinguishable, considering that these organism analysis. All A. suis isolates were found to be remarkably produce similar toxins that will contribute to development similar, belonging to one single group. We have recently of necrosis and hemorrhage. Actinobacillus suis may also been working on the standardization and validation of a cause fibrinous pleuritis and pericarditis, and differential repetitive element-based PCR for genotyping of A. suis. diagnosis with H. parasuis should be considered. A recent Preliminary results are in agreement with previously re- survey of bacterial pathogens isolated from 300 tissue ported genotyping features; however, we did find strain samples with fibrinous exudate on the surface demon- variation among A. suis field isolates and reference strains. strated that Haemophilus parasuis was isolated from 37 Another interesting feature of A. suis molecular epide- samples, whereas A. suis was isolated from 21 samples. miology is the variation observed in antibiotic resistance Advanced Knowledge Other pathogens isolated from fibrinous exudate included: profiles among strains with similar genomic fingerprints. Actinobacillus. indolicus (1), Actinobacillus minor (1), A. Genotyping results for A. suis field isolates will be pre- pleuropneumoniae (8), Arcanobacterium pyogenes (31), sented at the conference. Bordetella bronchiseptica (32), Escherichia coli (19), beta- hemolytic Streptococcus sp. (9), Pasteurella multocida Control and treatment (55), Streptococcus suis (64), and Salmonella sp. (5). Commercial vaccines are not available for A. suis. Data Besides being isolated from lungs with necrosis, hemor- on efficacy of autogenous vaccines is limited, although rhage, and fibrinous pleuritis,A. suis may also be isolated requests to manufacture herd-specific vaccines are com- from systemic sites such as liver, spleen, kidneys, lymph mon. Most pigs usually already have a relatively high titer nodes, uterus and intestines. Isolation from systemic sites against A. suis (which may or may not be specific) prior to is associated with septicemia. Isolation from uterus may vaccination, and response to vaccination will be greater in be associated with abortion and metritis. Isolation from pigs that have lower titers at the time of vaccination. the intestines is more prevalent in neonatal pigs and it is usually associated with septicemia and presence of septic Antibiotics can be used as a preventive measure or to treat emboli. A. suis may also be isolated from the intestines of affected pigs. Recent data for A. suis antibiotic susceptibil- pigs with no lesions. ity profiles for the FI of 2005 (University of Minnesota VDL) is shown in Table 1. Actinobacillus suis isolates Diagnosis of A. suis infection has been traditionally per- sharing similar genomic fingerprints may have completely formed by isolating the microorganism from clinical sam- different susceptibility profiles. One hypothesis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transcriptomic Analysis of Streptococcus Suis in Response to Ferrous Iron and Cobalt Toxicity
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Transcriptomic Analysis of Streptococcus suis in Response to Ferrous Iron and Cobalt Toxicity Mengdie Jia 1,2, Man Wei 1,2, Yunzeng Zhang 1,2 and Chengkun Zheng 1,2,* 1 Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) 2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-1520-527-9658 Received: 16 August 2020; Accepted: 1 September 2020; Published: 2 September 2020 Abstract: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing serious infections in swine and humans. Although metals are essential for life, excess amounts of metals are toxic to bacteria. Transcriptome-level data of the mechanisms for resistance to metal toxicity in S. suis are available for no metals other than zinc. Herein, we explored the transcriptome-level changes in S. suis in response to ferrous iron and cobalt toxicity by RNA sequencing. Many genes were differentially expressed in the presence of excess ferrous iron and cobalt. Most genes in response to cobalt toxicity showed the same expression trends as those in response to ferrous iron toxicity. qRT-PCR analysis of the selected genes confirmed the accuracy of RNA sequencing results. Bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed genes indicated that ferrous iron and cobalt have similar effects on the cellular processes of S. suis. Ferrous iron treatment resulted in down-regulation of several oxidative stress tolerance-related genes and up-regulation of the genes in an amino acid ABC transporter operon.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptococcus Suis
    Identification ofStreptococcus suis Meningitis by Direct Triplex Real-Time PCR, Burkina Faso Mahamoudou Ouattara, Mamadou Tamboura, Dinanibe Kambire, Mahamoudou Sanou, Kalifa Ouattara, Malika Congo, Adama Kaboré, Soufiane Sanou, Elie Kabré, Sable Sharpley, Theresa Tran, Stephanie Schwartz, Soumeya Ouangraoua, Abdoul-salam Ouedraogo, Lassana Sangaré, Rasmata Ouedraogo-Traore, Cynthia G. Whitney, Bernard Beall Meningitis confirmation in Burkina Faso uses PCR for The Study detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria menin- Burkina Faso conducts nationwide case-based sur- gitidis, or Hemophilus influenzae. We identified 38 cases veillance for bacterial meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis among 590 that were PCR-positive for 3 (CSF) samples collected from patients with suspected nonpneumococcal streptococcal pathogens, including 21 meningitis are sent to 1 of 5 national laboratories for cases of Streptococcus suis. Among the country’s 13 re- confirmation by culture and real-time PCR testing (6). gions, 10 had S. suis–positive cases. Because of multiple challenges encountered by the laboratories in isolating bacteria from CSF, the confir- treptococcus suis is a commensal organism of the mation of meningitis cases relies heavily on molecular upper respiratory tract of pigs that can occasion- S detection (6). The real-time PCR assay currently used ally cause severe invasive infections in these animals at the national laboratories only detects Streptococcus (1,2). The bacterium also can infect humans who have pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus close contact with pigs or pork products, leading to influenzae. Between 2015 and 2018, the national labo- serious diseases such as meningitis, endocarditis, and ratories tested 7,174 CSF samples from patients with sepsis (3). S.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Conditionally Essential Genes for Streptococcus Suis Infection in Pigs
    Virulence ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/kvir20 Identification of conditionally essential genes for Streptococcus suis infection in pigs Jesús Arenas , Aldert Zomer , Jose Harders-Westerveen , Hester J. Bootsma , Marien I. De Jonge , Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden , Hilde E. Smith & Astrid De Greeff To cite this article: Jesús Arenas , Aldert Zomer , Jose Harders-Westerveen , Hester J. Bootsma , Marien I. De Jonge , Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwieden , Hilde E. Smith & Astrid De Greeff (2020) Identification of conditionally essential genes for Streptococcussuis infection in pigs, Virulence, 11:1, 446-464, DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1764173 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1764173 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa View supplementary material UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 18 May 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 201 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=kvir20 VIRULENCE 2020, VOL. 11, NO. 1, 446–464 https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1764173 RESEARCH PAPER Identification of conditionally essential genes for Streptococcus suis infection in pigs Jesús Arenas a,b, Aldert Zomer c,d, Jose Harders-Westerveena, Hester J. Bootsmad, Marien I. De Jonged, Norbert Stockhofe-Zurwiedena, Hilde E. Smitha, and Astrid De Greeff a aDepartment of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR),
    [Show full text]
  • Streptococcosis Humans and Animals
    Zoonotic Importance Members of the genus Streptococcus cause mild to severe bacterial illnesses in Streptococcosis humans and animals. These organisms typically colonize one or more species as commensals, and can cause opportunistic infections in those hosts. However, they are not completely host-specific, and some animal-associated streptococci can be found occasionally in humans. Many zoonotic cases are sporadic, but organisms such as S. Last Updated: September 2020 equi subsp. zooepidemicus or a fish-associated strain of S. agalactiae have caused outbreaks, and S. suis, which is normally carried in pigs, has emerged as a significant agent of streptoccoccal meningitis, septicemia, toxic shock-like syndrome and other human illnesses, especially in parts of Asia. Streptococci with human reservoirs, such as S. pyogenes or S. pneumoniae, can likewise be transmitted occasionally to animals. These reverse zoonoses may cause human illness if an infected animal, such as a cow with an udder colonized by S. pyogenes, transmits the organism back to people. Occasionally, their presence in an animal may interfere with control efforts directed at humans. For instance, recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in one family was cured only when the family dog, which was also colonized asymptomatically with S. pyogenes, was treated concurrently with all family members. Etiology There are several dozen recognized species in the genus Streptococcus, Gram positive cocci in the family Streptococcaceae. Almost all species of mammals and birds, as well as many poikilotherms, carry one or more species as commensals on skin or mucosa. These organisms can act as facultative pathogens, often in the carrier. Nomenclature and identification of streptococci Hemolytic reactions on blood agar and Lancefield groups are useful in distinguishing members of the genus Streptococcus.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Various Streptococcus Spp. and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Specimens from Austrian Swine Stocks
    antibiotics Article Detection of Various Streptococcus spp. and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Clinical Specimens from Austrian Swine Stocks René Renzhammer 1,* , Igor Loncaric 2, Marisa Ladstätter 1, Beate Pinior 3, Franz-Ferdinand Roch 3, Joachim Spergser 2, Andrea Ladinig 1 and Christine Unterweger 1 1 University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (C.U.) 2 Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; loncarici@staff.vetmeduni.ac.at (I.L.); i102us01@staff.vetmeduni.ac.at (J.S.) 3 Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] (B.P.); [email protected] (F.-F.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 October 2020; Accepted: 9 December 2020; Published: 11 December 2020 Abstract: Knowledge of pathogenic potential, frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of porcine Streptococcus (S.) spp. other than S. suis is scarce. Between 2016 and 2020, altogether 553 S. spp. isolates were recovered from clinical specimens taken from Austrian swine stocks and submitted for routine microbiological examination. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing towards eight antimicrobial substances was performed using disk diffusion test. All isolates from skin lesions belonged to the species S. dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis (SDSE). S. hyovaginalis was mainly isolated from the upper respiratory tract (15/19) and S.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptococcus Suis Induces Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Porcine Lung Tissue
    microorganisms Article Streptococcus suis Induces Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Porcine Lung Tissue Muriel Dresen 1,†, Josephine Schenk 1,†, Yenehiwot Berhanu Weldearegay 1 ,Désirée Vötsch 1, Wolfgang Baumgärtner 2, Peter Valentin-Weigand 1,* and Andreas Nerlich 1,3,* 1 Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (Y.B.W.); [email protected] (D.V.) 2 Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, 30173 Hannover, Germany; [email protected] 3 Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.V.-W.); [email protected] (A.N.); Tel.: +49-511-856-7362 (P.V.-W.); +49-30-838-58508 (A.N.) † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Streptococcus suis is a common pathogen colonising the respiratory tract of pigs. It can cause meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia leading to economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites play an important regulatory role in different bio- logical processes like inflammation modulation and immune activation. In this report we analysed the induction of COX-2 and the production of its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a porcine precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model. Using Western blot analysis, we found a time-dependent Citation: Dresen, M.; Schenk, J.; induction of COX-2 in the infected tissue resulting in increased PGE2 levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Update on Streptococcus Suis Research and Prevention In
    pathogens Conference Report Conference Report Update on StreptococcusUpdate on suisStreptococcus Research and suis Research and Prevention Prevention in thein Era the of Era Antimicrobial of Antimicrobial Restriction: Restriction: 4th y † 4th InternationalInternational Workshop on Workshop S. suis on S. suis 1, 2,‡ 1, 3,‡ 2, 4,‡ 3, 4, Mariela Segura *, Virginia AragonMariela Segura, Susan L.*, Brockmeier Virginia Aragon , Conniez , Gebhart Susan L. Brockmeier, Astrid de z, Connie Gebhart z , 5,‡ 6,‡ 7,‡5, 8,‡6, 9,‡ 7, 8, Greeff , Anusak Kerdsin , AstridMark A de O’Dea Greeff , zMasatoshi, Anusak Kerdsin Okura ,z Mariette, Mark Saléry A O’Dea , z , Masatoshi Okura z, 10,‡ 9, 11,‡ 12,‡10, 13,14,‡ 11, 12, Constance Schultsz , Peter Valentin-WeigandMariette Saléry z, Constance, Lucy A. SchultszWeinert ,z ,Jerry Peter M. Valentin-Weigand Wells and z, Lucy A. Weinert z, 1, 13,14, 1, Marcelo Gottschalk * Jerry M. Wells z and Marcelo Gottschalk * 1 Research Group on Infectious Diseases1 Research in Producti Groupon on Animals Infectious and Diseases Swine and in Production Poultry Infectious Animals Diseases and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Faculty of VeterinaryResearch Medicine, Centre, University Faculty of of Veterinary Montreal, Medicine, St-Hyacinthe, University QC J2S of 2M2, Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada Canada 2 IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de 2 IRTA, Centre de Recerca en SanitatBarcelona, Animal (CReSA, 08193 Bellaterra, IRTA-UAB), Spain; Campus [email protected] de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain;3 USDA,[email protected] ARS, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA 50010, USA; [email protected] 3 USDA, ARS, National Animal Disease4 College Center, of Veterinary Ames, IA Medicine,50010, USA; University [email protected] of Minnesota, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Source and Timing of Streptococcus Suis Infection in Neonatal Pigs
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH Source and timing of Streptococcus su;s infection in neonatal piss: Implications for early weaning procedures Sandra Faye Amass, DVM, MS; L. Kirk Clark, DVM, PhD; and Ching Ching Wu, DVM, PhD here are at least 29 serotypes of Streptococcus suis, with Summary: To determine the possible sources of Strepto- types 1, 2, 3, and 8 being the most common in North coccus suis that colonize neonatal pigs, and the youngest TAmerica.) Streptococcus suis may cause disease out- age at which S. suis may be isolated from pigs, multiple breaks in pigs of all ages.2 Many of the serotypes have been asso- samples were collected from 35 pigs, their dams, and the ciated with septicemia resulting in meningitis, pneumonia, arthri- environment. Streptococcus suis was not isolated from en- tis, endocarditis, and polyserositis. vironmental samples collected before sows were placed in the farrowing house. At the day of farrowing and for 6 days Mechanisms of S. suis transmission have been investigated for the thereafter, five pigs were euthanized daily and tonsils and past 10 years. Clifton-Hadley,et al} concluded that although S. meningeal swabs were collected from each pig. Additionally, suis can infect suckling pigs, the major spread was among multiple samples (sow vaginal swab, placental swab, milk, weaned pigs within intensive production units. More recently, re- sow teat skin swab, sow feces, sow saliva, sow nasal secre- searchers have been unable to eliminate S. suis from pigs using tions, piglet water, swab of piglet mat, environmental air) . medicated early weaning (MEW)techniques. Wiseman, et al} were collected at the time the pig was removed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Streptococcus Suis and Haemophilus Parasuis, Two Important Residents of the Tonsils of the Soft Palate in Swine
    The relationship between Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis, two important residents of the tonsils of the soft palate in swine by Allison M. E. Barre A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Pathiobiology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Allison Barre, August, 2015 ABSTRACT The relationship between Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis, two important residents of the tonsils of the soft palate in swine Allison Barre Advisor: University of Guelph, 2015 Dr. J.I. MacInnes Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus suis are residents of tonsils of the soft palate in healthy pigs but can also cause severe disease. Planktonic growth curves indicated that S. suis growth was enhanced in the presence of H. parasuis, while H. parasuis was at a disadvantage. It was also found that H. parasuis and S. suis biofilm biomass was decreased in co-culture. These effects were demonstrated to be partly attributable to secreted factors. Finally, H. parasuis protected S. suis from antibiotics in co- culture biofilms, and S. suis protected H. parasuis against swine complement proteins. The results here suggest H. parasuis and S. suis may increase each others’ virulence by preventing entrance into a quiescent biofilm form, as well as providing synergistic protection against antimicrobials and complement. A further understanding of the interplay between S. suis and H. parasuis could lead to the development of new approaches to reduce swine respiratory disease. Acknowledgements The journey to completion of this Master of Science program has been full of challenging experiences and fulfilling successes. There are many people who contributed during the last two years, and I would like to thank them all for their support.
    [Show full text]
  • Streptococcus Suis Colonization of Piglets During Parturition Sandra F
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH Streptococcus suis colonization of piglets during parturition Sandra F. Amass, DVM, MS; L. Kirk Clark, DVM, PhD; Kay Knox; Ching Ching Wu, DVM, PhD; Michael A. Hill, MS, PhD, MRCVS Summary pneumonia, primarily of nursery pigs.1 Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is widely considered the most common cause of clinical streptococco- Objective—To determine whether piglets were colonized with Strepto- sis in swine, and is the focus of much research; however, in the herds coccus suis of sow origin during parturition we sampled in Indiana, other serotypes of S. suis are more commonly Materials and methods—Multiple samples were collected from 43 pig- isolated from cases of meningitis. The production of a naive subpopu- lets of eight dams. Oral and vaginal swab samples were collected from lation of SEW pigs may render streptococcal virulence factors more each sow prior to farrowing. Piglets were removed from the vagina using important than serotype. individual sterile obstetrical sleeves into which they were immediately The age at which a piglet becomes infected with S. suis has been inves- placed. Swab samples of the oropharynx and dorsal surface of each pig- tigated for many years. Clifton-Hadley, et al.,6 concluded that S. suis let were collected. Umbilical blood from each piglet was collected into type 2 may infect suckling piglets, but that the spread of the organism tubes of culture media. Room air was sampled to estimate the concentra- among weaned pigs in intensive production units was what was of tion of airborne S. suis. All collected samples were culturally examined for prime importance.
    [Show full text]
  • MI19 Evaluation and Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Based on Inhibition Capability Against Streptococcus Suis for Probiotics Product
    84 MI19 Evaluation and selection of Lactic acid bacteria based on inhibition capability against Streptococcus suis for probiotics product N. Innamma1*, P. Thitisak2, N. Banglarp2, A. Songsujaritkul2, S. Hankla2 & K. Kaeoket1 1Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand 2K.M.P.Biotech Co., Ltd., Chonburi, Thailand *E-mail: [email protected] Streptococcus suis (S. suis) serotype 2 is one of the most important pathogens in pigs, which causes septicemia, meningitis, arthritis and pneumonia pigs. Moreover, this bacterium is considered an emerging zoonotic agent. Recently, increased antibiotic resistance of S. suis has been reported worldwide, and raises issues regarding food safety. There are several potential alternative methods to replace the use of antibiotics. One of them is to promote pig health by directly supplement probiotic bacteria and another is to use their antimicrobial substance, to inhibit the growth of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of cell-free supernatant of selected lactic acid producing probiotic strains to inhibits the growth of 12 isolated S. suis (i.e. SS-01 to SS-12), in which isolated from infected nursery pig and its pathogenicity was confirmed by PCR technique. All the probiotic bacterial strains used in this study (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Pediococcus pentosaceus) were selected mainly on the in vitro of inhibition ability on Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli and the adhesion ability on swine intestinal mucus as shown in our previous study. The ability of different probiotic species and stains to inhibits S. suis serotype 2 was evaluated by zone of activity on agar well diffusion.
    [Show full text]
  • MOLECULAR and ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION of Streptococcus Suis Serotype 2 ISOLATES in CENTRAL VIETNAM
    University of Sassari Department of Biomedical Sciences INTERNATIONAL PHD SCHOOL IN BIOMOLECULAR AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES XXVIII Cycle MOLECULAR AND ANTIGENIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Streptococcus suis serotype 2 ISOLATES IN CENTRAL VIETNAM Director: Prof. LEONARDO A. SECHI Tutor: Prof. ALBERTO ALBERTI Co-tutor: VAN AN LE MD. PhD. PhD thesis of Dr. HOANG BACH NGUYEN ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2015 ABBREVIATION ITS : 16S–23S ribosomal (r) DNA intergenic spacer region 6-PGD: : 6-phosphogluconate-dehydrogenase ABC : Ammonium bicarbonate ACN : Acetonitrile AmyA : Amylopullulanase BBB : blood-brain barrier BHI : Brain Heart Infusion BMEC : Brain microvascular endothelial cell BMEC : brain microvascular endothelial cells CNS : central nervous system CPEC : Choroid plexus epithelial cell CSF : Cerebrospinal fluid GAPDH : Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase LPXTG : Leu-Pro-any-Thr-Gly LTA : Lipoteichoic acid NET : Neutrophil-extracellular trap PCR : Polymerase chain reaction PSF : peptide-spectrum match SS2 : Streptococcus suis serotype 2 TFA : Trifluoroacetic acid WPE : Whole protein extracts TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABBREVIATION TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 2.1. Streptococcus suis: taxonomy and main biological features ........................... 2 2.2. Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and meningitis .................................................
    [Show full text]