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Boas 2016.Pdf 1 “Copyright” Rita Isabel Rodrigues Vilas Boas, FCT/UNL e UNL A Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e a Universidade Nova de Lisboa tem o direito, perpétuo e sem limites geográficos, de arquivar e publicar esta dissertação através de exemplares impressos reproduzidos em papel ou de forma digital, ou por qualquer outro meio conhecido ou que venha a ser inventado, e de a divulgar através de repositórios científicos e de admitir a sua cópia e distribuição com objetivos educacionais ou de investigação, não comerciais, desde que seja dado crédito ao autor e editor. 2 Agradecimentos A elaboração da tese de mestrado não é só a concretização de um objectivo académico ao ​ qual me propus, mas também o reflexo de extensas horas de estudo e trabalho. Gostaria de agradecer a todos aqueles que de alguma forma me ajudaram a alcançar este meu desejo. Em primeiro lugar, gostaria de agradecer ao Professor Octávio Mateus por me ter aceite como sua orientanda. Um agradecimento acrescido pela disponibilidade, permanente incentivo, compreensão e paciência, pela confiança e estímulo constante em todos os momentos deste trabalho, e por fim, à simpatia e à amizade com que sempre me tratou. Gostaria de agradecer a todos os membros do Museu da Lourinhã, pela disponibilidade manifestada em deixarem-me desenvolver o meu trabalho neste local e a amabilidade com que sempre me receberam. Em especial, muito obrigada à Carla Tomás pelo conhecimento laboratorial que me proporcionou e pela paciência. A todos os voluntários que me ajudaram na preparação laboratorial das tartarugas estudadas, em especial ao Gary Curto, João Conceição e João Veloso. Ao Professor Paulo Legoinha e à Professora Ausenda Balbino que sempre se mostraram disponíveis para ajudar em qualquer situação. Ao Professor Walter Joyce, Professor Adán Pérez-García e ao Professor Jérémy Anquetin porque estiveram sempre disponíveis a responderem-me aos e-mails que lhes enviava com dúvidas. Ao Komlan Gnamatsi pela disponibilidade, paciência, ajuda prestada em todas as traduções e acima de tudo pela amizade. À Joana Vilas Boas e à Catarina Gonçalves pela paciência e pelo facto de estarem sempre prontas a ajudar e arranjar soluções para a ilustração das tartarugas. A todos os meus amigos (Marta Ladeira, Mariana Vilas Boas, Joana Damas, João Muchagata, Pedro Fialho, Sérgio Cardoso e Francisco Pinto), que me acompanharam durante todo o mestrado, pela amizade, apoio e pelos bons momentos que passamos juntos. Ao João Marinheiro que se mostrou sempre disponível a ajudar-me. Ao João Russo, João Marinheiro e Miguel Moreno Azanza por terem lido a minha tese e porque reviram, de forma crítica, a mesma. Não poderia deixar de agradecer ao Eduardo Machado que esteve sempre presente. Que me incentivou a continuar todas as vezes que algum obstáculo interferia de alguma forma no meu caminho. Pela enorme paciência que sempre teve comigo. Pelo apoio, compreensão e incentivo. Ao Filipe Coelho por me fazer ver que as coisas não são tão complicadas como eu imagino e que temos sempre de seguir em frente. Por me fazer feliz todos os dias. Por fim, aos meus pais que sempre tiveram como objectivo de vida dar uma melhor educação às filhas. Nunca, mas nunca, desistiram e sempre fizeram de tudo pela minha felicidade. Agradeço mais uma vez à minha irmã que além de disponibilizar o seu tempo a ajudar-me com as imagens, também foi compreensiva e tolerante nos momentos mais difíceis. Muito obrigada. 3 Tartarugas do Jurássico Superior de Portugal Upper Jurassic turtles of Portugal Resumo Os sedimentos litorais do Jurássico Superior de Portugal, sobretudo do Kimmeridgiano e Titoniano, mostram um registo único e rico de tartarugas. Até ao momento, foram identificadas fósseis de Paracryptodira (Pleurosternidae), Eucryptodira basal (Plesiochelyidae e Hylaeochelys) e Pleurodira ​ ​ (Platychelyidae). Descrevem-se aqui quatro espécimes inéditos que compreendem carapaças e plastrão de tartarugas do Jurássico Superior da Bacia Lusitaniana do Membro da Praia Azul da Formação da Lourinhã, nomeadamente da Praia do Caniçal e Praia de Porto das Barcas, no concelho da Lourinhã, e na Praia Azul, no concelho de Torres Vedras. Os quatros espécimes do Museu da Lourinhã foram preparados, analisados e descritos, permitindo a sua identificação e classificação filogenética. O esqueleto craniano e apendicular continua raro e pouco conhecido. Estes espécimes são atribuídos a Pleurosternidae Selenemys lusitanica, a Plesiochelyidae ​ ​ Plesiochelys e Craspedocheys e a Eucriptodira basal Hylaeochelys kappa o que é coerente com o já ​ ​ ​ previamente reportado para a Bacia Lusitaniana. O espécime Selenemys lusitanica ML1247 e o ​ ​ holótipo de Selenemys lusitanica são os únicos espécimes de Pleurosternidae identificados no registo ​ europeu do Kimeridgiano superior. O espécime de Hylaeochelys kappa ML2033 tem caracteres ​ distintos do holótipo de H. kappa, considerados aqui como variação interespecífica. Além disso, ​ ​ Hylaeochelys kappa ML2033 é a ocorrência de Hylaeochelys mais antiga conhecida, sugerindo que a ​ ​ origem do género poderá ser ibérica. Os espécimes Plesiochelys sp. ML425 e Craspedocheys sp. ​ ​ ML2164 não poderam ser identificados a nível específico devido à sua condição fragmentada. Plesiochelyidae ocorre sobretudo em níveis transgressivos e de influência marinha, o que ​ ​ sugere um habitat marinho costeiro e alguma colonização marinha das tartarugas no Jurássico ​ ​ Superior, em linhagens que não deram origem às tartarugas marinhas do Cretácico Superior nem actuais, que têm uma carapaça mais fenestrada e leve. Palavras-chave: Bacia Lusitaniana, Formação da Lourinhã, Jurássico Superior, Pleurosternidae, Plesiochelyidae, Hylaeochelys, tartarugas ​ ​ 4 Abstract Coastal sediments of the Upper Jurassic of Portugal, especially the Kimmeridgian and Tithonian, show a unique and rich record of turtles. So far, the following fossils were identified: Paracryptodira (Pleurosternidae), Eucryptodira basal (Plesiochelyidae and Hylaeochelys) and Pleurodira ​ ​ (Platychelyidae). We describe here four new specimens including carapaces and plastrons of turtles of Upper Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin, Praia Azul Member, Lourinhã Formation, namely Praia do Caniçal and Praia de Porto das Barcas in Lourinhã municipality, and Praia Azul, in Torres Vedras municipality. The four specimens of Lourinhã Museum, were prepared, analyzed and described, allowing their identification and phylogenetic classification. The cranial and appendicular skeleton is still rare and little known. These specimens are assigned to Pleurosternidae Selenemys lusitanica, the Plesiochelyidae ​ ​ Plesiochelys and Craspedocheys and Eucriptodira basal Hylaeochelys kappa which is consistent with ​ ​ ​ the previously reported to be present in the Lusitanian Basin. The specimen Selenemys lusitanica ​ ML1247 and the holotype of Selenemys lusitanica are the only Pleurosternidae specimens identified in ​ the Upper Kimmeridgian of the European register. The specimen Hylaeochelys kappa ML2033 has ​ distinctive characters of H. kappa holotype, considered here as an interspecific variation. Furthermore, ​ Hylaeochelys kappa ML2033 is the occurrence of the oldest known Hylaeochelys, suggesting that the ​ origin of the genus may be Iberian. Specimens Plesiochelys sp. ML425 and Craspedocheys sp. ​ ​ ​ ML2164, cannot be assigned to a specific level due to their fragmented condition. Plesiochelyidae occur mainly at transgressive levels and of marine influence, which suggests a coastal marine habitat and some marine colonization of turtles in the Upper Jurassic, lineages of which did not lead to the sea turtles of the Upper Cretaceous nor the current ones, which have a more fenestrated and lighter carapace. Keywords: Lusitanian Basin, Lourinhã Formation, Late Jurassic, Pleurosternidae, ​ ​ Plesiochelyidae, Hylaeochelys, turtles ​ ​ 5 Índice de conteúdos 1. Introdução.……………………………………………………………………………………………………...12 1.1 Anatomia osteológica ……………………………………………………………………………..12 1.2 Origem, evolução e sistemática geral das tartarugas.…………………………………………14 1.3 Contribuição para a distinção das tartarugas fósseis de Portugal…………………………...16 1.4 Tartarugas fósseis portuguesas…………………………………………………………………..18 Breve história do estudo das tartarugas fósseis em Portugal…………………………...18 Jurássico……………………………………………………………………………………….20 Cretácico……………………………………………………………………………………….21 Cenozóico……………………………………………………………………………………...22 1.5 Semelhanças e diferenças entre Pleurosternidae, Plesiochelyidae, Hylaeochelys e ​ ​ Platychelyidae…………………………………………………………………………………………...23 Pleurosternidade………………………………………………………………………………24 Plesiochelyidade………………………………………………………………………………32 Hylaeochelys…………………………………………………………………………………..37 ​ Platychelyidae…………………………………………………………………………………41 1.6 Outros vertebrados do Jurássico Superior de Portugal………………………………………...44 1.7 Objectivos…………………………………………………………………………………………...46 2. Material e Métodos…………………………………………………………………………………………….47 Espécimes estudados………………………………………………………………………………….47 Notas de terminologia e medidas……………………………………………………………………..47 Métodos…………………………………………………………………………………………………..47 3. Enquadramento paleogeográfico……………………………………………………………………………..48 3.1 O Jurássico da Bacia Lusitaniana………………………………………………………………..48 3.2 Formação da Lourinhã …………………………………………………………………………….50 Nomenclatura estratigráfica………………………………………………………………….50 Membros da Formação da Lourinhã………………………………………………………...51 Membro Praia da Amoreira-Porto Novo…………………………………………..52 Membro da Praia Azul………………………………………………………………52 Membro de Santa Rita………………………………………………………………52
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