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11 September 2006 ISLAMISM, JIHADISM and COUNTER

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11 September 2006 ISLAMISM, JIHADISM and COUNTER 11 September 2001 –11 September 2006 ISLAMISM, JIHADISM AND COUNTER-TERRORISM FIVE YEARS AFTER 9/11 Collective report with contributions by Olivier BERGEVIN, Alain CHOUET, Dimitri DELALIEU, Jean-Paul HUSTE, Farid JEDDI, Claude MONIQUET, Frédéric MOSER Directed by Claude MONIQUET Chairman of ESISC Coordinated by Genovefa ETIENNE Director of Operations 11.09.06 This report is dedicated to the victims of terrorism and Islamist obscurantism; to those who have already fallen, and to those who, sadly, have yet to fall. 1 EUROPEAN STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY CENTER Founded in May 2002, the ESISC (European Strategic Intelligence and Security Centre) has taken on, from its inception, the work of observing and analyzing the international terrorism and strategic questions that had been conducted for many years by some of its promoters. The work of the ESISC analysts is based: . On the systematic examination of all the “open sources” (newspapers, magazines, books, etc) available on the questions of terrorism, political violence and strategic problems. On close relations and exchanges with other research centres, in particular in the United States, Europe, the Middle East and South Asia. On regular meetings with political and military leaders, and members of the intelligence communities. On ad hoc field missions carried out by ESISC researchers or by other experts appointed by them. This systematic approach has enabled the ESISC to create and develop prospective analysis systems, databases (biographical, geographical, thematic and, in terms of terrorism and organized crime, “Perpetrator Group” and “Target Group”) and other instruments that contribute to the permanent evaluation of the tensions, the general threat and the relative threat relating to one or more given targets. This report falls within the ESISC’s STUDIES remit. The ESISC further publishes many analysis and synthesis papers that are available on its website: www.esisc.org For all contact: +32(0)2 541 84 90; Fax: +32(0)2 541 84 99 ; [email protected] This report remains the exclusive property of the ESISC, and any publication other than that expressly envisaged by the law would require prior written permission. Copyright © 2006 ESISC All rights reserved For public release 2 Chairman, Director-General Claude MONIQUET Deputy DG, Director of Operations Deputy DG, Director of European Affairs Genovefa ETIENNE Frédéric MOSER Director, Maghreb region Mohamed IFKIREN Director, Paris Bureau Laszlo LISKAI Director of informatics Christophe MEESTER Correspondents André BURSTIN Farid JEDDI Emmanuel CHANIAL Associate Researchers Olivier BERGEVIN Professor Jean-Charles CHEBAT Alain CHOUET Dimitri DELALIEU Jonathan HOLSLAG General Jean-Paul HUSTE (Retd) Claude LARSIMONT William RACIMORA Translators Alan HOPE, Francisco GALLEGO, Carey VOSECKA Graphics Olivier NAVEZ Website Christophe ARNOULD (MOLOS) Interns (summer 2006) Nicolas GHEUDE, Eyal MILLER, Boris RENDAMBO 3 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Olivier BERGEVIN: Doctoral student in geography, University of Montpellier III; graduate of the Institute of Political Studies in Aix-en-Provence, University of Paris X and University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis; graduate of the Châteaulin Gendarmerie College. Olivier Bergevin has carried out research mainly in Africa, in Senegal and Ivory Coast. He has also worked within the Délégation aux Affaires Stratégiques (DAS) on the Africa desk.He is now a consultant and associate researcher for ESISC for Africa and strategic matters. Alain CHOUET: From 1972 to 2002 Alain Chouet made his career within the Service de Documentation Extérieure et de Contre-espionnage (SDECE) and then the Direction Générale de la Sécurité Extérieure (DGSE) of France's special services. He alternated missions abroad (Beirut, Damascus, Rabat, Geneva, Brussels) with posts within the central administration: head of the Bureau for coordination of intelligence and anti- terrorist operations (1980-1985); technical adviser to the Director of Intelligence; head of the Intelligence and Security Service. A graduate of the School of Oriental Languages and experienced Arabist Alain Chouet is considered one of the world's leading experts in the Western intelligence community on the Arab world and Islamist movements. He is nowadays an associate researcher with ESISC on questions of Islamism, terrorism and the Middle East (http://alain.chouet.free.fr). Dimitri DELALIEU: A graduate in political science and international relations from the Universities of Liège, Brussels and Tel Aviv, Dimitri Delalieu lived in the Middle East before beginning a career that has taken him to the Belgian foreign ministry and the European Parliament. He is now an associate researcher for ESISC on matters concerning the Middle East. General Jean-Paul HUSTÉ: A graduate of St Cyr, as well as the General Staff College, the Spanish School of War and France's Higher School of War, Jean-Paul Huste held various functions in combat units before taking up command posts. He was head of the Latin America-Caribbean bureau of the Military Intelligence Directorate (DRM, Paris, 1992-1993); Defence attaché at the French embassy in Mexico, Guatemala and Cuba (1996-1999); head of the operational intelligence division of Forces General Staff No. 3 (Marseilles 1999-2000); head of planning for KFOR (Pristina, Kosovo, 2000); head of Forces General Staff No. 3 (2001-2002); head of the French detachment to US CENTCOM (MacDill, Florida USA, 2002); head of the intelligence-international relations division of Land Action Force Command (2002-2004); and finally deputy chief of staff of Land Action Force Command (2005). General Husté is now a security consultant and associate researcher for ESISC, where he follows political affairs and risk assessment for Latin America and Indonesia. 4 Farid JEDDI: Born in Tunis, Farid Jeddi is a graduate in law, sociology and political science from the universities of Aix-Marseilles I and II and the university of law, economics and science of Aix-Marseilles. His professional experience was gained in Europe (France and Belgium) and in North Africa. He is now a correspondent for ESISC for projects and operations in North Africa and elsewhere in Africa. Claude MONIQUET: After an international career as a journalist specialised in matters of security and strategy, Claude Moniquet in 2001 became a permanent adviser to CNN on international terrorism and intelligence. He has been posted to Israel, Warsaw, Vienna, Paris and Brussels. He is author of a dozen specialised works, and has covered conflicts and crises in the Middle East, Eastern Europe, the Balkans and North Africa. In May 2002 he helped found ESISC and is now chairman and director-general. Frédéric MOSER: A former journalist specialised in security questions, an officer of the Belgian Army Reserve, and author of several works, Frédéric Moser is one of the co- founders of ESISC, and is now deputy Director-General and Director of European Affairs. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ISLAMISM AND JIHADISM: TREATING THE DISEASE, NOT JUST THE SYMPTOMS By Claude MONIQUET ………………………………………………………………………… p.7 THE MIDDLE EAST 5 YEARS AFTER SEPTEMBER 11TH By Dimitri DELALIEU ………………………………………………………………………… p.22 THE WAR ON TERROR: THE MOTHER OF ALL WARS? By Alain CHOUET ……………………………………………………………………………… p.33 JIHADISM: A NEW FORM OF TOTALITARIANISM? By Farid JEDDI …………………………………………………………………………………. p.44 INDONESIA, ISLAM AND TERRORISM By General Jean-Paul HUSTÉ ……………………………………………………………… p.54 ISLAMISM IN EAST AFRICA: A GAIN IN STRENGTH THAT MAY BE RECENT, BUT APPEARS INEXORABLE By Olivier BERGEVIN ………………………………………………………………………….. p.69 THE DOCTRINE OF DEPLOYMENT OF SPECIAL FORCES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM: WHAT CHANGES SINCE SEPTEMBER 11? By Frédéric MOSER …………………………………………………………………………….p.85 The articles in this collective report are the personal opinions of their authors and are intended only to contribute to a debate on Islamism, jihadism and counter-terrorism 6 ISLAMISM AND JIHADISM: TREATING THE DISEASE, NOT JUST THE SYMPTOMS by Claude Moniquet, Chairman of ESISC Five years after 11 September 2001, the Western world and especially Europe is still at the stage of treating the symptoms of a mortal illness, and not the disease itself. In other words, the justice system, police, the security and intelligence services are tracking down terrorist cells and fighting jihadism, but paying little or no attention to Islamism, as it gains new ground every day. The result is that the successes recorded have been mediocre. Hundreds of suspected terrorists have been arrested, dozens of groups have been disbanded and more than thirty terrorist plots, which might have caused thousands of deaths, have been thwarted. That would be grounds for congratulations, naturally, were it not for the fact week after week new arrests are made, and hardly a month goes past without a new conspiracy being uncovered, which shows how the underlying disease is still progressing, and even flourishing. Our security system could be compared to a state which fights malaria by killing mosquitoes one by one instead of draining the marshes where they grow and reproduce. Beyond the fine words and pious promises repeated over and over by a political class often left trailing behind events, the external signs of the radicalisation of a part of Muslim youth are increasingly visible. This radicalisation, this deadly and totalitarian ideology is Islamism, a new fascism that continues to produce the terrorists of tomorrow. And it is that ideology which is creating the tensions and the feelings of
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