Organization of German Divisions, 1914
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The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps in World War I: from Inception To
THE PORTUGUESE EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN WORLD WAR I: FROM INCEPTION TO COMBAT DESTRUCTION, 1914-1918 Jesse Pyles, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2012 APPROVED: Geoffrey Wawro, Major Professor Robert Citino, Committee Member Walter Roberts, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Pyles, Jesse, The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps in World War I: From Inception to Destruction, 1914-1918. Master of Arts (History), May 2012, 130 pp., references, 86. The Portuguese Expeditionary Force fought in the trenches of northern France from April 1917 to April 1918. On 9 April 1918 the sledgehammer blow of Operation Georgette fell upon the exhausted Portuguese troops. British accounts of the Portuguese Corps’ participation in combat on the Western Front are terse. Many are dismissive. In fact, Portuguese units experienced heavy combat and successfully held their ground against all attacks. Regarding Georgette, the standard British narrative holds that most of the Portuguese soldiers threw their weapons aside and ran. The account is incontrovertibly false. Most of the Portuguese combat troops held their ground against the German assault. This thesis details the history of the Portuguese Expeditionary Force. Copyright 2012 by Jesse Pyles ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The love of my life, my wife Izabella, encouraged me to pursue graduate education in history. This thesis would not have been possible without her support. Professor Geoffrey Wawro directed my thesis. He provided helpful feedback regarding content and structure. Professor Robert Citino offered equal measures of instruction and encouragement. -
THE BATTLE of FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944)
THE BATTLE OF FRANCE (July 19 to August 29, 1944) N our last issue's review of the invasion battle 31. This breakthrough decided the entire cam we pointed out two remarkable facts. viz.• paign. Another wave of US troop. advanoe!l I (1) that only one major landing operation had east from Granville to Villedieu to CO-<lperate been carried out during the first six weeks, and with formatioJlB furt,her t.o the northeast ill (2) that the number of troops pumped into the protecting the left Bank of the main thruli,. comparatively narrow bridgehead was out of Several German attacks against this flank in the proportion to the area then at the disposal of the area of Tessy. VilJedieu. and Mortain. which u Allied Command. Although this seemed to indicate one time narrowed the American corridor of that General Eisenhower intended to concentrate Avranches to twenty kilometers. had to be aban. all hi' available forces for a push from this one doned, as the sout.hward advance of the Britilh bridgehead. the German High Command could not 2nd Army from the region of Caumont threatened be sure of that and had therefore to maintain con· the rear of the German divisioJlB. The fate of the siderable forces all along the far·Bung coasts of campaign in FTance was sealed: what was at stake Europe. a factor which limited the forces opposing now was no longer tbe fat.e of French territory the Normandy invaders and gave the Allies a vast but that of the German armiCl in France. -
The Thermopylae Line
CHAPTER 6 THE THERMOPYLAE LINE ENERAL Wavell arrived in Athens on the 19th April and immediately e Gheld a conference at General Wilson's quarters . Although an effectiv decision to embark the British force from Greece had been made on a higher level in London, the commanders on the spot now once agai n deeply considered the pros and cons . The Greek Government was unstable and had suggested that the British force should depart in order to avoid further devastation of the country. It was unlikely that the Greek Army of Epirus could be extricated and some of its senior officers were urging sur- render. General Wilson considered that his force could hold the Ther- mopylae line indefinitely once the troops were in position.l "The arguments in favour of fighting it out, which [it] is always better to do if possible, " wrote Wilson later,2 "were : the tying up of enemy forces, army and air , which would result therefrom ; the strain the evacuation would place o n the Navy and Merchant Marine ; the effect on the morale of the troops and the loss of equipment which would be incurred . In favour of with- drawal the arguments were : the question as to whether our forces in Greece could be reinforced as this was essential ; the question of the maintenance of our forces, plus the feeding of the civil population ; the weakness of our air forces with few airfields and little prospect of receiving reinforcements ; the little hope of the Greek Army being able to recover its morale . The decision was made to withdraw from Greece ." The British leaders con- sidered that it was unlikely that they would be able to take out any equip- ment except that which the troops carried, and that they would be lucky "to get away with 30 per cent of the force" . -
The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917
Journal of Military and Strategic VOLUME 18, ISSUE 2 Studies “Lessons learned” in WWI: The German Army, Vimy Ridge and the Elastic Defence in Depth in 1917 Christian Stachelbeck The Battle of Arras in the spring of 1917 marked the beginning of the major allied offensives on the western front. The attack by the British 1st Army (Horne) and 3rd Army (Allenby) was intended to divert attention from the French main offensive under General Robert Nivelle at the Chemin des Dames (Nivelle Offensive). 1 The French commander-in-chief wanted to force the decisive breakthrough in the west. Between 9 and 12 April, the British had succeeded in penetrating the front across a width of 18 kilometres and advancing around six kilometres, while the Canadian corps (Byng), deployed for the first time in closed formation, seized the ridge near Vimy, which had been fiercely contested since late 1914.2 The success was paid for with the bloody loss of 1 On the German side, the battles at Arras between 2 April and 20 May 1917 were officially referred to as Schlacht bei Arras (Battle of Arras). In Canada, the term Battle of Vimy Ridge is commonly used for the initial phase of the battle. The seizure of Vimy ridge was a central objective of the offensive and was intended to secure the protection of the northern flank of the 3rd Army. 2 For detailed information on this, see: Jack Sheldon, The German Army on Vimy Ridge 1914-1917 (Barnsley: Pen&Sword Military, 2008), p. 8. Sheldon's book, however, is basically a largely indiscriminate succession of extensive quotes from regimental histories, diaries and force files from the Bavarian War Archive (Kriegsarchiv) in Munich. -
EHA Magazine Vol.3 No.3 September 2019
EHA MAGAZINE Engineering Heritage Australia Magazine Volume 3 No.3 September 2019 Engineering Heritage Australia Magazine ISSN 2206-0200 (Online) September 2019 This is a free magazine covering stories and news items about Volume 3 Number 3 industrial and engineering heritage in Australia and elsewhere. EDITOR: It is published online as a down-loadable PDF document for Margret Doring, FIEAust. CPEng. M.ICOMOS readers to view on screen or print their own copies. EA members and non-members on the EHA mailing lists will receive emails The Engineering Heritage Australia Magazine is notifying them of new issues, with a link to the relevant Engineers published by Engineers Australia’s National Australia website page. Committee for Engineering Heritage. Statements made or opinions expressed in the Magazine are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect CONTENTS the views of Engineers Australia. Editorial & Connections 3 Contact EHA by email at: The Electrification of Melbourne’s Railways 4 [email protected] or visit the website at: Gladesville Bridge 6 https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/Communiti es-And-Groups/Special-Interest-Groups/Engineerin Lighting the Streets with Electricity 10 g-Heritage-Australia Honeysuckle Creek & the Moon Landings 14 Unsubscribe: If you do not wish to receive any The Beirut to Tripoli Railway 18 further material from Engineering Heritage Australia, contact EHA at : [email protected] “Wonders Never Cease” Subscribe: Readers who want to be added to the subscriber list can contact EHA via our email at : “100 Australian Engineering Achievements.” [email protected] Engineers Australia (EA) is celebrating its centenary year in 2019. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
History of a Guerilla Band: the Three Jubiles Brothers
The Anarchist Library (Mirror) Anti-Copyright History of a Guerilla Band: The three Jubiles brothers Antonio Téllez Solà January 2000 The three Jubiles brothers took to the hills in late March1939 and marauded through the hills around Villaviciosa, Almodóvar and Hornachuelos, before settling in the Montoro highlands. The Bujalance district of Córdoba province, where theCNT predominated, happened by a freak to escape the army’s Rising on 18 July 1936. In Bujalance the Civil Guard confined itself to staying in barracks and never lifted a finger, in spite of pres- sures from local rightists doubtless afraid of the power of the anarcho-syndicalist labour organisation. In the end, on 25 July, Antonio Téllez Solà the Civil Guard placed itself at the disposition of the Popular History of a Guerilla Band: The three Jubiles brothers Front. The garrison was shipped out to Jaén or to Madrid, ex- January 2000 cept for one sergeant and two Guards accused of having imple- Retrieved on 17th May 2021 from mented the ley de fugas (shooting ‘escaping’ prisoners) in the www.katesharpleylibrary.net Cañetejo ravine back in December 1933; these were executed Published in Polémica (Barcelona), no. 70, January 2000. in Cañetejo on 25 July. Translated by: Paul Sharkey. From the very outset, a Popular Front was established: it was made up of nine members, three of them from the CNT: usa.anarchistlibraries.net these were Francisco Garcia Cabello (aka El Niño del Aceite) who had been sentenced to death following the revolutionary events of December 1933, Bartolomé Parrodo Serrano and Ilde- fonso Coca Chocero (aka El Viejo). -
The Final Campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945
University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year The final campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945 Karl James University of Wollongong James, Karl, The final campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945, PhD thesis, School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, 2005. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/467 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/467 The Final Campaigns: Bougainville 1944-1945 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy from University of Wollongong by Karl James, BA (Hons) School of History and Politics 2005 i CERTIFICATION I, Karl James, declare that this thesis, submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the School of History and Politics, University of Wollongong, is wholly my work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. Karl James 20 July 2005 ii Table of Contents Maps, List of Illustrations iv Abbreviations vi Conversion viii Abstract ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1 ‘We have got to play our part in it’. Australia’s land war until 1944. 15 2 ‘History written is history preserved’. History’s treatment of the Final Campaigns. 30 3 ‘Once the soldier had gone to war he looked for leadership’. The men of the II Australian Corps. 51 4 ‘Away to the north of Queensland, On the tropic shores of hell, Stand grimfaced men who watch and wait, For a future none can tell’. The campaign takes shape: Torokina and the Outer Islands. -
Anarchism, the Republic and Civil War in Spain: 1931–1939
Anarchism, the Republic and Civil War in Spain: 1931–1939 This groundbreaking new study, translated for the first time into English, is the first synthesis to relate and interpret the main evolutionary milestones of anar- chism in Spain, and is crucial to understanding the social conflict of 1930s Spain. Casanova explores the concept of anarchism as both a political ideology and a social movement during the Second Republic and the Civil War (1931–1939). Dividing the work into two parts, the author first explores anarchism’s strained relation with the republican regime. He then goes on to analyse the revolu- tionary process that broke out in the summer of 1936. This complete new study also examines possible reasons why anarcho-syndicalism did not resurface after the death of the Spanish dictator Franco, and offers a commentary on other writings on anarchism in contemporary Spain. Casanova’s work will interest historians across a range of disciplines as well as readers with a general interest in Spain. Julián Casanova is currently Professor of Modern History at the University of Zaragoza, Spain. Routledge/Cañada Blanch Studies on Contemporary Spain Series editors Paul Preston and Sebastian Balfour, Cañada Blanch Centre for Contemporary Spanish Studies, London 1 Spain 1914–1918 Between war and revolution Francisco J. Romero Salvadó 2 Spaniards in the Holocaust Mauthausen, horror on the Danube David Wingeate Pike 3 Conspiracy and the Spanish Civil War The brainwashing of Francisco Franco Herbert R. Southworth 4 Red Barcelona Social protest -
7468 .The London Gazette, December 28, 1877
7468 .THE LONDON GAZETTE, DECEMBER 28, 1877. Name. Rank. Regiment. Amount. £ s. d. Clarke, Alexander . ... • Private ... •« 1st West India Regiment 074 Cock, Thomas Private ... •• 2nd Battalion, 10th Regiment .. 1 12 7 Conn, Robert ... ... .. Private ... .. .1st Battalion, 3rd Regiment 9 1 11 Connell, Thomas .*. .. Private 72nd Regiment 10 15 t Dwyer, Simon ... ... .. Private ... .. 45th Regiment ... ..i .. 3 11 5 Fitzpatrick, John Private ... .. 108th Regiment... ' ... .. 23 19 6 Flinn, Thomas Private 44th Regiment 14-5 Gillott, H. ... - ... Gunner ... .. 2nd Brigade, Royal' Artillery .. 459 Goodwill, John .... ... Private ... .. 96th Regiment ... ... .. 315 Griffiths, Theodore Private ... 45th Regiment ... ' ... 6 9 O Hill, Thomas E.... ... .. Private 80th Regiment 1 11 7 Hogan, Patrick Private ...• 1st Battalion, 2 1st Regiment .. 32 7 2 Hoy, Thomas Private 94th Regiment 0 18 11 Mansell, Charles... ... .. Gunner ... .. 9th Brigade, Royal Artillery .. 3 9 10 Matthews, Patrick Gunner .. .. 16th Brigade, Royal Artillery .. 464 May, George; ... ... .. Private .. .. 62nd Regiment 3 13 5 Mehan, Daniel Private .. .. 66th Regiment ... ... .. 3 14 3 Murray, James ... ... Private .. •> 45th Regiment ... ... 104 McGrath, Richard Private .. ' ... 40th Regiment ... 2 11 4 McKay, James ... Private 2nd Battalion, 19th Regiment ... 15 4 5 McKenna, Patrick ... ... Private .. ... 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment ... 529 McKeon, Bartholomew ... ... Gunner .. ... 5th Brigade, Royal Artillery ... 29 19 6 McKinstry, William Gunner .. Depot Brigade, Royal Artillery... 32 12 5 McWhiney, Thomas ... ... Private .. 36th Regiment ... ... ... 542 Nicholas, James Gunner ... Dep6t Brigade, Royal Artillery... 138 O'Farrell, Michael Warder Military Prison ... ...' • ... 424 Parker, Thomas Gunner ... .... 3rd Brigade, Royal Artillery ... 0 17 4 Peel, Thomas ... • ... ... Private ... - ... 1st Battalion, 17th'Regiment ... 4 17 6 Prendible, Charles Private 85th Regiment 212 9 Rabbitt, James B. -
![7 Australian Infantry Division (1940 – 41)]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/4520/7-australian-infantry-division-1940-41-714520.webp)
7 Australian Infantry Division (1940 – 41)]
14 January 2019 [7 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY DIVISION (1940 – 41)] th 7 Australian Infantry Division (1) Advanced Headquarters. 6th Australian Division, Signals & Employment Platoon Rear Headquarters, 6th Australian Division & Signals th 18 Australian Infantry Brigade (2) Headquarters, 18th Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘J’ Section Signals & 47th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/9th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/10th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/12th Australian Infantry Battalion 21st Australian Infantry Brigade Headquarters, 21st Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘K’ Section Signals & 59th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/14th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/16th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/27th Australian Infantry Battalion 25th Australian Infantry Brigade Headquarters, 25th Australian Infantry Brigade, ‘L’ Section Signals & 44th Light Aid Detachment 2nd/25th Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/31st Australian Infantry Battalion 2nd/33rd Australian Infantry Battalion Divisional Troops 7th Australian Divisional Cavalry Regiment (H.Q., ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ Squadrons, ‘G’ Section Signals and 50th Light Aid Detachment) ©www.BritishMilitaryH istory.co.uk Page 1 14 January 2019 [7 AUSTRALIAN INFANTRY DIVISION (1940 – 41)] th Headquarters, Royal Australian Artillery, 7 Australian Division (7) 2nd/4th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery (H.Q., 7th & 8th Field Batteries and 51st Light Aid Detachment) 2nd/5th Field Regiment, Royal Australian Artillery (H.Q., 9th & 10th Field Batteries and 52nd Light Aid Detachment) 2nd/6th Field Regiment, Royal Australian -
Moshe Goldberg Eulogy 2
EULOGY FOR MOSHE (MORRY) GOLDBERG GIVEN AT HIS FUNERAL ON SUNDAY 20 JANUARY 2013 Morry Asher GOLDBERG was born at Jerusalem, Palestine on 12 APRIL,1926 and originally enlisted and served in the Militia as N479345 prior to enlisting and serving as NX178973 PRIVATE Morry GOLDBERG in the 2nd/48th Australian Infantry Battalion AIF at Cowra NSW on 1st July 1944, then just 18 years of age. During his service with the Battalion, Morry was promoted to Corporal, taking part in its heavy fighting against the Japanese on Tarakan as part of Operation ‘Oboe’ in the South West Pacific Theatre. Morry was discharged on 10th March, 1947. The 2/48th Battalion AIF was an infantry battalion of the Australian Army raised in August 1940 at the Wayville Showgrounds in Adelaide, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Victor Windeyer, (later Major General Sir Victor Windeyer, KBE, CB, DSO and Bar, PC KC) a former Militia officer 9and later a Judge of the high Court of Australia) who had previously commanded the Sydney University Regiment. Together with the 2/23rd and 2/24th Battalions the 2/48th Battalion formed part of the 26th Brigade and was initially assigned to the 7th Division, although it was later transferred to the 9th Division in 1941 when it was deployed to the Middle East. While there, it saw action during the siege of Tobruk where it suffered the loss of 38 men killed in action and another 18 who died of their wounds and the Second Battle of El Alamein before being returned to Australia in order to take part in the fighting in New Guinea following Japan’s entry into the war.