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R. Arqellien Al Kautsar Gumilar PERAN CROSS CULTURE PROJECT ASSOCIATION TERKAIT MASALAH ANAK-ANAK TERLANTAR DI UKRAINA PADA 2019 Skripsi Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) Oleh : R. Arqellien Al Kautsar Gumilar 11151130000092 PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2020 M ii i PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING SKRIPSI Dengan ini, Pembimbing Skripsi menyatakan bahwa mahasiswa: Nama : R. Arqellien Al Kautsar Gumilar NIM : 11151130000082 Program Studi : Hubungan Internasional Telah menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi dengan judul: PERAN CROSS CULTURE PROJECT ASSOCIATION TERKAIT MASALAH ANAK-ANAK TERLANTAR DI UKRAINA PADA 2019 Dan telah memenuhi syarat untuk diuji. Jakarta, 10 Desember 2020 Mengetahui, Menyetujui, Ketua Program Studi Pembimbing Muhamad Adian Firnas, M.Si Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, M.M NIP: NIP: ii PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI SKRIPSI PERAN CROSS CULTURE PROJECT ASSOCIATION TERKAIT MASALAH ANAK-ANAK TERLANTAR DI UKRAINA PADA 2019 Oleh R. Arqellien Al Kautsar Gumilar 11151130000092 Telah dipertahankan dalam sidang ujian skripsi di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta pada tanggal 28 Desember 2020. Skripsi ini telah diterima sebagai salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Sosial (S.Sos) pada program studi Hubungan Internasional. Ketua Sidang, Muhammad Adian Firnas, S.Ip, M.Si Penguji I Penguji II Eva Mushoffa, MA Irfan R. Hutagalung, L.LM Ketua Program Studi Muhammad Adian Firnas, S.Ip, M.Si iii ABSTRAK Skripsi ini akan melakukan analisa terhadap peran dari Cross Culture Project Association (CCPA) terkait dengan masalah anak-anak terlantar di Ukraina periode 2016-2018. Anak-anak terlantar menjadi sebuah permasalahan yang muncul akibat konflik yang terjadi di Ukraina. Pada dasarnya konflik yang terjadi di Ukraina adalah manifestasi dari polarisasi etnis, budaya dan pandangan politik yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Ukraina. Ukraina memiliki dua etnis besar yang cukup mendominasi, yaitu etnis Slavic dan etnis Ukrainian Tatar. Etnis Slavic ingin menjadi bagian dari Rusia sementara itu etnis Ukrainian Tatar ingin berintegrasi dengan Uni Eropa. CCPA pertama kali hadir di Ukraina pada 2010, tepatnya di Krimea. CCPA menggunakan pendekatan komunikasi berbasis relawan dan olahraga untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh anak-anak sehingga dapat meredam kemungkinan konflik di masa depan. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana sebuah organisasi internasional dapat berpengaruh terhadap suatu bangsa dan negara khusunya Ukraina, dan mengetahui bagaimana olahraga khususnya sepakbola dapat menjadi instrument peacebuilding di Ukraina. Dalam skripsi ini penulis menggunakan sumber-sumber yang berasal dari wawancara, buku, jurnal, karya tulis ilmiah, basis data online dan juga berita sebagai sumber informasi yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Penulis melakukan wawancara dengan Kovtun Svitlana, seorang Sekretaris II Kedutaan Besar Ukraina untuk Indonesia melalui surat elektronik. Penulis menggunakan teori konstruktivis dan peacebuilding untuk menganalisa permasalahan yang ada pada skripsi ini. Skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pemilihan metode kualitatif dilakukan karena jenis penelitian yang akan dilaksanakan bersifat deskriptif analitis. Kata Kunci: anak-anak terlantar, CCPA, Ukraina, konflik etnis, konstruktivis, peacebuilding, olahraga, sepakbola. iv KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat ALLAH SWT atas nikmat dan hikmah-Nya yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan skripsi. Sholawat serta salam tak lupa penulis haturkan kepada junjungan Nabi Muhmad SAW beserta keluarga dan sahabat yang telah sangat berjasa membawa peradaban umat manusia menuju zaman yang terang benderang. Penulis menyadari bahwa pada penulisan skripsi ini terdapat pihak-pihak yang telah membantu penulis baik melalui dukungan moril dan materi yang telah diberikan. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hikmah-Nya untuk penulis selama masa penulisan skripsi sehingga skripsi ini dapat diselesaikan 2. Keluarga penulis, ayahanda R. Dany Gumilar, S.H, ibunda Ita Mardiana, adik penulis R. Gibran Ramadhan Al Basith Gumilar dan R. Kenzy Al Zhafari Gumilar. 3. Dosen Pembimbing penulis, Bapak Febri Dirgantara Hasibuan, M.M yang telah bersedia membimbing penulis dalam menyelesaikan v skripsi melalui bimibingan secara langsung mapupun melalui media sosial. 4. Segenap jajaran staff dan dosen program studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang telah memberikan ilmu dan membantu proses belajar di kampus FISIP UIN Jakarta. 5. Kovtun Svitlana selaku Sekretaris II Kedutaan Besar Ukraina untuk Indonesia yang telah membantu penulis memberikan informasi terkait topik skripsi ini. 6. Natasya Amalia Putri yang dengan setia menemani, membantu dan mendukung penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 7. Sahabat-sahabat Movement Academy, Farid Ramadhan, Fathurrahman, Rixza Ghulam, Ilham Pamungkas, M. Rezki Maulana, Muchsin Sulaiman, Ahmad Zulfikar Badarudin Litiloly yang yang telah menemani dan membantu menyelesaikan masa studi. 8. Sahabat-sahabat penulis, Putri Cahya Arimbi, Dovi Christyanti, Nisaul Adla Maulida Siregar, Adnan Zhaffar Putra Berlian, Sarah Syafitri, Andes, Prayoga Adnan Hambali Nugraha, Al Rahman yang telah membantu dan memberikan dukungan untuk menyelesaikan masa studi. 9. Rekan-rekan kelas IRCEXTREME, United Indonesia Chapter Depok (UICD) dan HI UIN 2015 vi 10. Rekan-rekan PT. Enviro Mental Energi, Ashaldi Chairun Saputra, S.Pd M. Fauzian, S.Pd Ade Kristanto, S.Pd, Prajaya Winata dan Muhammad Irfan Dwiputra, S.M. 11. Senior-Senior yang telah membantu memberikan pengalaman dalam berbagai kegiatan akademis dan non-akademis, Fikry Al Fajr, Fikri Mahir Lubis, Robith Billah Anshori, M. Jayakarta, Bisri, Andika Yusmana, Irzal, dan senior lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu 12. Rekan-rekan PMII KOMFISIP, Anwar, Ncu, Salsa, Gaby, Kate, Lele, Fitara, Tegas, Apip, Gufron, Hafiz Ma’aruf, Adilla, Adrian, Nadia, Qolbun Salim, Ijal, Ridho Afira, Maura, Alifia yang telah bersama-sama belajar di PMII KOMFISIP sebagai tempat penulis mengembangkan kemampuan diri baik akademik dan non-akademik. Penulis berharap setiap dukungan yang diberikan oleh nama-nama yang telah disebutkan dapat menjadi tambahan amal yang diterima di sisi Allah SWT. Penulis sangat menyadari bahwa skripsi ini jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun dapat diberikan agar penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan lebih baik. Harapan penulis terhadap skripsi ini adalah semoga skrispi ini dapat memberikan manfaat dan menambah wawasan keilmuan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional. Jakarta, 10 Desember 2020 R. Arqellien Al Kautsar Gumilar vii DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................................. i PENGESAHAN PANITIA UJIAN SKRIPSI SKRIPSI PERAN CROSS CULTURE PROJECT ASSOCIATION TERKAIT MASALAH ANAK-ANAK TERLANTAR DI UKRAINA PADA 2019 .......................................................... iii ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... x DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................... xi BAB I ................................................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ......................................................................... 1 B. Pertanyaan Penelitian.............................................................................. 8 C. Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian .............................................................. 8 D. Tinjaun Pustaka ...................................................................................... 8 E. Kerangka Teori...................................................................................... 16 1. Konstruktivisme ................................................................................. 16 2. Konsep Peacebuilding ........................................................................ 18 F. Metode Penelitian .................................................................................. 20 G. Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 21 BAB II ............................................................................................................... 23 A. Konflik Ukraina ..................................................................................... 23 1. Konflik Domesik Ukraina .................................................................. 23 2. Republic of Crimea ............................................................................. 26 3. Donetsk’s Democratic People (DPR) and Luhansk’s Democratic People (LPR) .............................................................................................. 32 B. Dampak Konflik Terhadap Fasilitas Penunjang Pertumbuhan
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