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Demonstration of Tsunami and Storm Surge Modeling Disaster Mitigation Workshop APAN 44 at Dalian, China Demonstration of Tsunami and Storm Surge Modeling Yu-Lin Tsai1, Tso-Ren Wu1, Simon C. Lin2, Eric Yen2 1Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, NCU, Taiwan 2Academia Sinica Grid Computing, ASGC, Taiwan 水文與海洋科學研究所 Tsunami Science Laboratory Tsunami Disaster http://www.engineering.com/DesignerEdge/DesignerEd http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/books/2017 geArticles/ArticleID/9563/Can-Acoustic-Waves-Act-as- /08/ghosts-tsunami-what-disaster-japan-left-behind Tsunami-Detectors.aspx 2 /49 COMCOT Tsunami Model COrnell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model Solve nonlinear shallow water equation directly �� 1 �� �� + + ���� . � = 0 �� ����� �� �� �� 1 � �1 1 � �� �� �� + + + − � . � + �8 = 0 �� ����� �� � � �� � ����� �� 7 �Q 1 � �� 1 � �1 �� �� + + + + � . � + �8 = 0 �t ����� �� � � �� � � �� ; • Solve nonlinear shallow water equations on both spherical and Cartesian coordinates. • Explicit leapfrog Finite Difference Method for stable and high speed calculation. • Multi/Nested-grid system for multiple shallow water wave scales. • Moving Boundary Scheme for inundation. • High-speed efficiency of OpenMp parallel computation. 3 /49 COMCOT has been used on many scientific papers At least 26 SCI papers were published during 2001 to 2011 (Including Science) 1. Title: Long waves through emergent coastal vegetation 7. Title: An insitu borescopic quantitative imaging profiler for the 12. Title: Analytical and numerical simulation of tsunami Author(s): Mei Chiang C.; Chan I-Chi; Liu Philip L. -F.; et al. measurement of high concentration sediment velocity mitigation by mangroves in Penang, Malaysia Source: JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Volume: 687 Pages: Author(s): Cowen Edwin A.; Dudley Russell D.; Liao Qian; et al. Author(s): Teh Su Yean; Koh Hock Lye; Liu Philip Li-Fan; et al. 461-491 DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2011.373 Published: NOV 2011 Source: EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS Volume: 49 Issue: 1 Special Issue: Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 SI Pages: 77-88 DOI: 10.1007/s00348-009-0801-8 Published: JUL Issue: 1 Pages: 38-46 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.09.007 2. Title: Insights on the 2009 South Pacific tsunami in Samoa 2010 Published: SEP 4 2009 and Tonga from field surveys and numerical simulations Author(s): Fritz Hermann M.; Borrero Jose C.; Synolakis Costas 8. Title: Tsunami hazard from the subduction megathrust of the 13. Title: Simulation of Andaman 2004 tsunami for assessing E.; et al. South China Sea: Part I. Source characterization and the resulting impact on Malaysia Source: EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS Volume: 107 Issue: 1-2 tsunami Author(s): Koh Hock Lye; Teh Su Yean; Liu Philip Li-Fan; et al. Special Issue: SI Pages: 66-75 DOI: Author(s): Megawati Kusnowidjaja; Shaw Felicia; Sieh Kerry; et al. Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.03.004 Published: JUL 2011 Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Issue: 1 Pages: 74-83 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.09.008 Pages: 13-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.11.012 Published: SEP 4 Published: SEP 4 2009 3. Title: Solid landslide generated waves 2009 Author(s): Wang Yang; Liu Philip L. -F.; Mei Chiang C. 14. Title: SPECIAL ISSUE Tsunamis in Asia Preface Source: JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS Volume: 675 Pages: 9. Title: Simulation of Andaman 2004 tsunami for assessing impact Author(s): Liu Philip L. -F.; Huang Bor-Shouh 529-539 DOI: 10.1017/S0022112011000681 Published: MAY on Malaysia Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 2011 Author(s): Koh Hock Lye; Teh Su Yean; Liu Philip Li-Fan; et al. Issue: 1 Pages: 1-1 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.05.001 Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Published: SEP 4 2009 4. Title: An explicit finite difference model for simulating Pages: 74-83 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.09.008 Published: SEP 4 weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive waves over slowly 2009 15. Title: INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI ON 26 DECEMBER 2004: varying water depth Times Cited: 0 (from Web of Science) NUMERICAL MODELING OF INUNDATION IN THREE CITIES ON Author(s): Wang Xiaoming; Liu Philip L-F THE SOUTH COAST OF SRI LANKA Source: COASTAL ENGINEERING Volume: 58 Issue: 2 Pages: 10. Title: Modeling tsunami hazards from Manila trench to Taiwan Author(s): Wijetunge J. J.; Wang Xiaoming; Liu Philip L. -F. 173-183 DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2010.09.008 Published: Author(s): Wu Tso-Ren; Huang Hui-Chuan Source: JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI Volume: 2 FEB 2011 Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Issue: 2 Pages: 133-155 Published: JUN 2008 Pages: 21-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.12.006 Published: SEP 4 5. Title: Field Survey of the Samoa Tsunami of 29 September 2009 16. Title: TSUNAMI SOURCE REGION PARAMETER 2009 Times Cited: 0 (from Web of Science) IDENTIFICATION AND TSUNAMI FORECASTING Author(s): Okal Emile A.; Fritz Hermann M.; Synolakis Costas E.; Author(s): Liu Philip L. -F.; Wang Xiaoming et al. 11. Title: Tsunami hazard and early warning system in South China Source: JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI Volume: 2 Source: SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS Volume: 81 Sea Issue: 2 Pages: 87-106 Published: JUN 2008 Issue: 4 Pages: 577-591 DOI: 10.1785/gssrl.81.4.577 Author(s): Liu Philip L. -F.; Wang Xiaoming; Salisbury Andrew J. Published: JUL-AUG 2010 Source: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES Volume: 36 Issue: 1 17. Title: Bottom friction and its effects on periodic long wave Pages: 2-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.12.010 Published: SEP 4 propagation 6. Title: Impact of a 1755-like tsunami in Huelva, Spain 2009 Author(s): Orfila A.; Simarro G.; Liu P. L. F. Author(s): Lima V. V.; Miranda J. M.; Baptista M. A.; et al. Source: COASTAL ENGINEERING Volume: 54 Issue: 11 Pages: （ ） Source: NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES 856-864 DOI: 10.1016/j.coastalene.2007.05.013 Published: To be continued Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 139-148 Published: 2010 NOV 2007 4 /49 Supporting Tool with COMCOT Tsunami Model • Fortran Compiler: ifort • Data Processing: MATLAB/Octave • Figure Plotting: MATLAB/Octave 5 /49 1. Demonstration of 2004 Sumatra Tsunami Tsunami Source Reconstruction of 2004 Sumatra Tsunami Source Constraints and Model Simulation of the December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean Tsunami (Grilli et al., 2007) 7 /49 Initial Tsunami Wave Height of 2004 Sumatra Tsunami Bangladesh Myanmar Malaysia India Sumatra Sri Lanka 8 /49 Bangladesh Myanmar Malaysia Sumatra India Sri Lanka 9 /49 2. Demonstration of 2011 Japan Tsunami Tsunami Source Reconstruction of 2011 Japan Tsunami Development of a tsunami early warning system for the South China Sea (Lin et al., 2015) 11 /49 12 /49 Maximum Tsunami Wave Height of 2011 Japan Tsunami 13 /49 iCOMCOT Cloud Computing Service at ASGC iCOMCOT (https://icomcot.twgrid.org/index.html) 14 /49 15 /49 Storm Surge Modeling STORM SURGE • Storm surge is a coastal flood of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems : ü Tropical cyclones ü Storms ü Typhoons Sea Surface induced by typhoons (Wiki) ü Hurricanes • The two main meteorological factors contributing to a storm surge are: ü Pressure gradient ü Wind shear stress Tidal Effect with Storm Surges (Wiki) 17 /49 Inundation induced by Storm Surges • Destroy of homes and business • Potential threat of coastal communities • Damages of roads and bridges Inundation induced by 2005 Hurricane Katrina. Flooded by storm surge of Hurricane Katrina (2005) in the northwest New Orleans. (http://www.stormsurge.noaa.gov/) 18 /49 Tropical Cyclones in East Asia Korea Taiwan Japan China Taiwan Hong Kong Pacific Ocean Philippines Philippines South China Sea Tracks of all tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between 1951 and 2014. 19 /49 COMCOT-SURGE Model (COrnell Multi-grid COupled Tsunami Model – Storm Surge) Nonlinear Shallow Water Equations on the Spherical Coordinate ¶¶¶h 1 ìüP ++íý()cosj ×Q = 0 ¶¶¶tRcosjyîþ j 2 s ¶¶¶P 11æöPæö PQ gH ¶h b H ¶Pa Fy +++ç÷ ç÷ -fQ+ Fy =-+ ¶¶tRcosjyèø H R ¶ jèø H Rcosjy ¶ rwwRcos jy¶ r 2 s ¶¶¶Q 11æöPQæö Q gH ¶h b H ¶Pa Fj ++++ç÷ ç÷ fP+ Fj =-+ ¶¶tRcosjyèø H R ¶ jèø H R ¶ j rwwR ¶ y r • Solve nonlinear shallow water equations on both spherical and Cartesian coordinates. • Explicit leapfrog Finite Difference Method for stable and high speed calculation. • Multi/Nested-grid system for multiple shallow water wave scales. • Moving Boundary Scheme for inundation. • High-speed efficiency. 20 /49 Supporting Tool with COMCOT-SURGE Model • Fortran Compiler: ifort • Data Processing: MATLAB/Octave • Figure Plotting: MATLAB/Octave 21 /49 1. The Case Study of 2013 Typhoon Haiyan Source: Hong Kong Observatory 22 /49 Four-Level Nested Computational Domain LAYER 01 (4 km) LAYER 02 (1 km) • Layer 01 can cover the complete typhoon life cycle of Typhoon Haiyan and the full storm surge propagation. • Layer 02 can include the offshore hydrodynamic progresses of storm surge on the fine mesh domain. 23 /49 Near-shore Computational Domain Layer 03 (500 m)/ Layer 04 (120 m) LAYER 04 (120 m) LAYER 03 (500 m) Leyte Gulf The computational domain of Layer 03 and Layer 04 could cover the storm surge propagations in offshore and nearshore regions. 24 /49 Combine with the Atmospheric WRF Model Pressure Field Wind Field • Asymmetric effect • Topographic effect • Hydrodynamic Pressure The WRF simulations are provided by Prof. Chuan- Yao Lin, AAR Modeling Laboratory (Sinica). 25 /49 Storm Surges Induced by Typhoon Haiyan 2013.11.06 00:00 – 2013.11.09 00:00 (UTC+0) Large computational domain to cover the complete storm surge propagation induced by Typhoon Haiyan with Coriolis effect. 26 /49 Snapshots of Storm Surges in the Philippines 27 /49 Maximum Simulated Storm Tides at Leyte Gulf 28 /49 2.
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