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Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment

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Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment GUIDANCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ROGRAMME P NVIRONMENT E ATIONS N NITED U Follow the Life Cycle Initiative’s activities via: • Twitter (@LC_Initiative) • Facebook • LinkedIn Groups • LC Net (subscribe at www.lifecycleinitiative.org) Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme. 2015 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior, individual permission in writing. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the European Commission, any national government or any other organization participating in the International Life Cycle UNEP Initiative Board. The Life Cycle Initiative complements ongoing national and regional activities. Citing of trade promotes environ- names or commercial processes does not constitute mentally sound practices endorsement. Information contained herein does not necessarily reflect the policy or views of globally and in its own activities. the Society of Environmental Toxicology and This publication has been printed with Chemistry (SETAC). Mention of commercial or noncommercial products and services does not vegetable-based inks on recycled-content imply endorsement or affiliation by SETAC. paper in a minimal print run. Our distribu- ISBN: 978-92-807-3453-9 tion policy aims to reduce UNEP’s carbon footprint. GUIDANCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT Acknowledgements Producers This Guidance has been produced by the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative at UNEP, Technische Universität Berlin (TU Berlin) and Kogakuin University. Supervision, technical editing and support Llorenç Milà i Canals (UNEP DTIE, France) • Sonia Valdivia (UNEP DTIE, France) Lead authors Julia Martínez Blanco (TU Berlin, Germany) • Matthias Finkbeiner (TU Berlin, Germany) • Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Japan) Co-chairs of the Project Group Matthias Finkbeiner (TU Berlin, Germany) • Atsushi Inaba (Kogakuin University, Japan) Co-drafters in the working group (Alphabetic order) Bengtsson, Jonas (Edge Environment Pty Ltd, Australia) • Braunschweig, Arthur (E2 Management Consulting AG, Switzerland) • Cívit, Bárbara María (CONICET, Argentina) • Cobas Flores, Elisa (Environmental Management Engineering SA de CV, Mexico) • Draucker, Laura (World Resource Institute, USA) • Kulatunga, Asela Kumudu (University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka) • Laurin, Lise (EarthShift, USA) • Lundie, Sven (PE INTERNATIONAL AG, Germany) • Manzardo, Alessandro (University of Padova, Italy) • Margni, Manuele (CIRAIG, Canada) • Milà i Canals, Llorenç (UNEP DTIE, France) • Quiros, Ana (ECO GLOBAL, Costa Rica) • Ramjeawon, Toolseeram (University of Mauritius, Mauritius) • Rodrigues Sousa, Sabrina (COEAM, Brazil) • Valdivia, Sonia (UNEP DTIE, France) • Warsen, Jens (Volkswagen AG, Germany) • Wiche Latorre, Pia Alexandra (Wiche Sustainability, Chile) Feedback stakeholders who participated in the consultation process (Alphabetic order) Alonso, Juan Carlos (SIMPPLE, Spain) • Arena, Alejandro Pablo (Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina) • Askham, Cecilia (Ostfold Research, Norway) • Cánovas Creus, Alba (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) • Castelan, Guy (PlasticsEurope, France) • Ciroth, Andreas (GreenDelta, Germany) • Cummis, Cynthia (World Resources Institute, USA) • Emhart, Cristian (Fundación Chile, Chile) • Graff, Veronique (GreenWin, Belgium) • Guenther, Edeltraud (Technical University of Dresden, Germany) • Güereca Hernández, Leonor Patricia (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico) • Hadzhiyska, Dariya (denkstatt, Bulgaria) • Motta, Wladmir Henriques (IBICT/UFRJ, Brazil) • Hill, Mauro (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) • Hou, Ping (IKE Environmental Technology, China) • Kabe, Yuki Hamilton Onda (Braskem SA, Brazil) • Koffler, Christoph (PE INTERNATIONAL AG, USA) • Kulczycka, Joanna (Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland) • Kurppa, Sirpa (MTT Agrifood Research Finland, Finland) • Lu, Di (Medical Technology, USA) • Maiorino, Lorenzo (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Italy) • Matt, Dolf (University of British Columbia, Canada) • Meier, Toni (University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany) • Moura, Elton Siqueira (Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil) • Napoleon Forpah, Chi (Watershed Task Group, Cameroon) • Nunes, Katia (Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany) • Oliver Solà, Jordi (Inèdit Innovació SL, Spain) • Onwurah, Ikechukwu Noel E (University of Nigeria, Nigeria) • Osset, Philippe Claude Francois (Solinnen, France) • Pairoj-Boriboon, Sirithan (Thailand Environment Institute, Thailand) • Pajula, Tiina Karin Johanna (VTT, Finland) • Panigrahi, Pradeep (Mahindra Sanyo Special Steel Pvt. Ltd, India) • Patisson, Fabrice (Université de Lorraine, France) • Pierce, Jason (Eastman Chemical, USA) • Pretato, Ugo (Studio Fieschi & soci Srl, Italy) • Sorto, José (Unión Panamericana de Ingenieros, El Salvador) • Souza, Julio Cesar (Fiat Automóveis SA, Brazil) • Stamenkovic, Marija (Technische Universität Berlin, Germany) • Susca, Tiziana (Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Germany) • Tambyrajah, 2 Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Dilip (International Natural Fiber Organization, Netherlands) • Tannous, Naji (Lebanon Green Building Council, Lebanon) • Theis, Thomas (University of Illinois, USA) • Traverso, Marzia (BMW, Germany) • Van Acker, Karel (KU Leuven, Belgium) • Visintin, Francesca (Center for Theoretical and Applied Ecology, Italy) • Walakira, Paul (Uganda National Bureau of Standards, Uganda) • Xará, Susana (Portuguese Catholic University, Portugal) Support in the collection of ‘First Mover’ stories (Alphabetic order) Alvarado Díaz, Elsa Gabriela (CADIS, Mexico) • Bajaj, Sanjeevan (FICCI, India) • Bengtsson, Jonas (Edge Environment, Australia) • Brassel, Andrea (KPMG in Mexico, Mexico) • Brones, Fabien (Natura Cosméticos, Brazil) • Chargoy Amador, Juan Pablo (CADIS, Mexico) • Cívit, Bárbara María (CONICET, Argentina) • Cummis, Cynthia (WRI, USA) • De Bermingham, Noëlla (Accor, France) • Floc’h, Emilie (PwC, France) • Graziano, Emiliano (BASF, Brazil) • Herrmann, Arnaud (Accor, France) • Horrell, Jonathan (Mondelēz International, UK) • Humbert, Sebastien (Quantis, Switzerland) • King, Henry (Unilever, United Kingdom) • Koffler, Christoph (PE INTERNATIONAL AG, USA) • Margni, Manuele (CIRAIG, Canada) • Milà i Canals, Llorenç (UNEP DTIE, France) • Notten, Philippa (The Greenhouse, South Africa) • Ohashi, Kenji (Shiseido, Japan) • Ometto, Aldo Roberto (Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil) • Prieur Vernat, Anne (Storengy, GDF SUEZ, France) • Quiros, Ana (ECO GLOBAL, Costa Rica) • Saling, Peter (BASF SE, Germany) • Seddon, Julia (Inghams, Australia) • Suppen, Nydia (CADIS, Mexico) • Valdivia, Sonia (UNEP DTIE, France) • Van Hemelryck, Steven (Colruyt Group, Belgium) • Warsen, Jens (Volkswagen Group, Germany) • Wilson da Silva, Max (BASF, Brazil) Technical Review Committee Chairs Mary Ann Curran (BAMAC) • Michael Hauschild (Technical University of Denmark) Editing, proofreading, design & layout Thad Mermer Printing Printer in Kistmacher GmbH (Berlin) Summary translation Anne-Claire Asselin • Ya-Ju Chang • Annekatrin Lehmann • Julia Martínez Blanco • Masaharu Motoshita • Today Translation and Business Services Ltd Photo credits See full photo citations listed on p.144. Contributions The authors would like to thank all the contributors who provided valuable background, ideas, and comments to this Guidance. Our gratitude also goes to all the organizations and experts that supported us in the collection of ‘First Mover’ stories, also when their specific cases could not be included in the final version of the Guidance. Special thanks to the members of the International Life Cycle Board of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative for providing support, guidance and resources to complete the work. The development of this Guidance was sponsored by the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the Japanese Ministry of the Environment (MOE), the Kogakuin University and the Technische Universität Berlin. Guidance on Organizational Life Cycle Assessment 3 Contents Acknowledgements 2 Executive Summary 6 UNEP Foreword 14 SETAC Foreword 15 How to use the Guidance 16 1. Introduction 18 1.1 Context 19 1.2 Scope of the Guidance 22 1.3 ‘First Mover’ stories and reports 26 2. Overview of O-LCA 29 2.1 What is O-LCA? 30 2.2 Organization goals of an O-LCA 30 2.3 Specific situations for the implementation of O-LCA: experience-based pathways 35 2.3.1 Pathway 1: limited initial environmental experience and information 36 2.3.2 Pathway 2: existing environmental assessment gate-to-gate 36 2.3.3 Pathway 3: existing environmental life-cycle assessment at the product level 37 2.3.4 Pathway 4: existing single-indicator
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