KNOW YOUR STATE Andaman and Nicobar Islands

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● Established: 1 November 1956 ● Capital: ● Number of District : 3 ● Lieutenant Governor: Admiral (ret.) Devendra Kumar Joshi ● High court: Calcutta High Court ● Lok Sabha Seats : 1 ● Rajya Sabha Seats : 0 Image Source: Maps of India State Symbols

● State Animal: Dugong/Sea cow ● State Bird: Andaman Wood pigeon ● State Tree: Andaman Padauk History of Andaman and Nicobar

● Rajendra Chola I (1014 to 1042 AD), used the ● राजेन्द्र चोल I (1014 से 1042 ई।) ने, श्रीविजय साम्राा㔯 Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a strategic naval (आधुवनक इंडोनेविया) के खिलाफ अवियान िु셂 करने के base to launch an expedition against the Sriwijaya वलए एक रणनीविक नौसैवनक अड्डे के 셂प मᴂ अंडमान और Empire (modern-day Indonesia). वनकोबार द्वीप समूह का इस्तेमाल वकया। ● The Cholas called the island Ma-Nakkavaram , ● चोला ने 1050 ईस्वी के िंजािुर विलालेि मᴂ पाया जाने िाला found in the Thanjavur inscription of 1050 AD. द्वीप को मा-नक्कवरम कहा। ● On 1 January 1756, the Nicobar Islands were ● 1 जनवरी 1756 को, वनकोबार द्वीप समूह को डेननश made a Danish colony, first named New कॉलोनी बनाया गया, वजसका नाम पहले न्यू डेनमा셍क , और Denmark, and later (December 1756) Frederick's बाद मᴂ (वदसंबर 1756) फ्रेडरर셍 आइलℂड्स (फ्रे डिरकसोनन) Islands (Frederiksøerne). रिा गया। ● In 1858 the British established a colony at Port ● 1858 मᴂ विवििों ने पोिन ब्लेयर मᴂ एक कॉलोनी की थापना Blair. The primary purpose was to set up a penal की। प्राथवमक उद्देश्य िारिीय उपमहाद्वीप से आपरावधक colony for criminal convicts from the Indian दोवियों के वलए एक दंड कॉलोनी थावपि करना था। कॉलोनी subcontinent. The colony came to include the मᴂ कुख्याि सेलुलर जेल िावमल थी। infamous Cellular Jail. ● यह 1950 मᴂ िारि का वहस्सा बना और 1956 मᴂ इसे देि ● It became part of India in 1950 and was declared का कᴂद्र िावसि प्रदेि घोविि वकया गया। as a of the nation in 1956. Geography

● There are 572 islands in the territory. Of ● क्षेत्र मᴂ 572 द्वीप हℂ। इनमᴂ से लगिग 38 these, about 38 are permanently inhabited. थायी 셂प से बसे ए हℂ। ● The islands extend from 6° to 14° North ● द्वीपों का विस्तार 6 ° से 14 ° उत्तर अक्षांि latitudes. िक है। ● The Andamans are separated from the ● अंडमान, वनकोबार समूह से एक चैनल (टेन Nicobar group by a channel (the Ten Degree नडग्री चैनल) जो लगिग 150 वकमी चौडा है, Channel) some 150 km wide. से अलग होिे है। ● The highest point is located in North ● उच्चिम वबंदु उत्तरी अंडमान द्वीप 732 Andaman Island (Saddle Peak at 732 m). मीटर पर सैडल पी셍 मᴂ खथि है। ● Indira Point at 6°45’10″N and 93°49’36″E at ● इंवदरा पॉइंि 6°45'10” N और 93°49'36” the southern tip of the southernmost island, E दवक्षणी सबसे दवक्षणी द्वीप, ग्रेि वनकोबार Great Nicobar, is the southernmost point of के दवक्षणी वसरे पर, िारि का सबसे दवक्षणी India वबंदु है General Facts

● Andaman and Nicobar Islands were formed due to collision between Indian Plate and Burma Minor Plate. ● Duncan passage separates from South Andaman. ● Port Blair, the capital of Andaman Nicobar Islands lies in the South Andaman. ● Among the Nicobar islands, the Great Nicobar is the largest. It is the southernmost island and is very close to Sumatra island of Indonesia. The Car Nicobar is the northernmost. ● Most of these islands are made of tertiary sandstone, limestone and shale resting on basic and ultrabasic volcanoes [Similar to Himalayas]. ● The Barren and Narcondam islands north of Port Blair, are volcanic islands [these are the only active volcanoes in India. General Facts

● The land area of 6408 km² in the Andamans constitutes 90% as reserves and protected areas of which 36% is tribal reserves. ● The entire Nicobar group is a tribal reserve and has four wildlife sanctuaries, two national parks and one biosphere reserve. ● The Grand Channel is between Great Nicobar islands and Sumatra islands of Indonesia. ● The Coco Strait is between North and Coco Islands of Myanmar. ● The Islands are also famous for the largest and rarest species of crab, the Giant Robber Crab. It can climb the coconut trees and break the hard shell of the fruit. General Facts

● The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are also known as the Emerald Islands. ● These islands make an arcuate curve, convex to the west. ● The Great Nicobar is the largest island in the Nicobar group and is the southernmost island. It is just 147 km away from the Sumatra island of Indonesia. ● The Andaman Islands support one of the world’s most extensive mangrove ecosystems. Due to their long isolation, these islands have evolved significant diversity of flora and fauna with a high level of endemism. Festivals of Andaman and Nicobar

● Island Tourism Festival ● Kali Pooja ● Durga Puja Important National Park and wildlife Sanctuaries in Andaman and Nicobar

● Campbell Bay National Park ● Galathea National Park ● Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park ● Middle Button Island National Park ● Mount Harriet National Park ● North Button Island National Park ● Rani Jhansi Marine National Park ● Saddle Peak National Park ● South Button Island National Park Important places in Andaman and Nicobar

● Chidiya Tapu ● Baratang Island ● Barren Island ● Cellular Jail, Port Blair ● Samudrika Marine Museum ● Limestone Caves, Port Blair ● Ross and Smith Island ● Forest Museum, Port Blair ● Sri Vetrimalai Murugan Temple ● Chatham Saw Mill Tribes in Andaman and Nicobar

● Great Andamanese ● Onge ● Jarawa ● Sentinelese ● Shompen ● Nicobarese 2004 Tsunami in Andaman and Nicobar

● On 26 December 2004, the coasts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were devastated by a 10 m (33 ft) massive tsunami following the undersea earthquake off . ● More than 2,000 people lost their lives. ● The worst affected Nicobar islands were Katchal and Indira Point. ● The lighthouse at Indira Point was damaged but has been repaired since then. ● The territory lost a large amount of area which is now submerged. ● The territory which was at Indian states 8,073 km2 (3,117 sq mi) is now at 7,950 km2 (3,070 sq mi). Renaming of tribes in Andaman and Nicobar

In December 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, renamed three of the islands as a tribute to Subhas Chandra Bose.

● Ross Island was renamed as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island. ● Neil Island as . ● Havelock Island as Swaraj Island.

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