Using Tanks for Storing Drinking Water Fact Sheet
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Module 1 Basics of Water Supply System
Module 1 BASICS OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM Training Module for Local Water and Sanitation Management Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran (MJP) CEPT University 2012 Basics of Water Supply System- Training Module for Local Water and Sanitation Management CONTENT Introduction 3 Module A Components of Water Supply System 4 A1 Typical village/town Water Supply System 5 A2 Sources of Water 7 A3 Water Treatment 8 A4 Water Supply Mechanism 8 A5 Storage Facilities 8 A6 Water Distribution 9 A7 Types of Water Supply 10 Worksheet Section A 11 Module B Basics on Planning and Estimating Components of Water Supply 12 B1 Basic Planning Principles of Water Supply System 13 B2 Calculate Daily Domestic Need of Water 14 B3 Assess Domestic Waste Availability 14 B4 Assess Domestic Water Gap 17 B5 Estimate Components of Water Supply System 17 B6 Basics on Calculating Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting 18 Module C Basics on Water Pumping and Distribution 19 C1 Basics on Water Pumping 20 C2 Pipeline Distribution Networks 23 C3 Type of Pipe Materials 25 C4 Type of Valves for Water Flow Control 28 C5 Type of Pipe Fittings 30 C6 Type of Pipe Cutting and Assembling Tools 32 C7 Types of Line and Levelling Instruments for Laying Pipelines 34 C8 Basics About Laying of Distribution Pipelines 35 C9 Installation of Water Meters 42 Worksheet Section C 44 Module D Basics on Material Quality Check, Work Measurement and 45 Specifications in Water Supply System D1 Checklist for Quality Check of Basic Construction Materials 46 D2 Basics on Material and Item Specification and Mode of 48 Measurements Worksheet Section D 52 Module E Water Treatment and Quality Control 53 E1 Water Quality and Testing 54 E2 Water Treatment System 57 Worksheet Section E 62 References 63 1 Basics of Water Supply System- Training Module for Local Water and Sanitation Management ABBREVIATIONS CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organisation cu. -
Estimating Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Regional and Local Suitability: a Case Study in Washington State, USA
hydrology Case Report Estimating Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) Regional and Local Suitability: A Case Study in Washington State, USA Maria T. Gibson 1,* ID , Michael E. Campana 2 and Dave Nazy 3 1 Water Resources Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA 2 Hydrogeology and Water Resources, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA; [email protected] 3 EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, INC., Olympia, WA 98508, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-541-214-5599 Received: 21 December 2017; Accepted: 5 January 2018; Published: 12 January 2018 Abstract: Developing aquifers as underground water supply reservoirs is an advantageous approach applicable to meeting water management objectives. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a direct injection and subsequent withdrawal technology that is used to increase water supply storage through injection wells. Due to site-specific hydrogeological quantification and evaluation to assess ASR suitability, limited methods have been developed to identify suitability on regional scales that are also applicable at local scales. This paper presents an ASR site scoring system developed to qualitatively assess regional and local suitability of ASR using 9 scored metrics to determine total percent of ASR suitability, partitioned into hydrogeologic properties, operational considerations, and regulatory influences. The development and application of a qualitative water well suitability method was used to assess the potential groundwater response to injection, estimate suitability based on predesignated injection rates, and provide cumulative approximation of statewide and local storage prospects. The two methods allowed for rapid assessment of ASR suitability and its applicability to regional and local water management objectives at over 280 locations within 62 watersheds in Washington, USA. -
Implementing Rainwater Harvesting Systems on The
IMPLEMENTING RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS ON THE TEXAS A&M CAMPUS FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY A Senior Scholars Thesis by WILLIAM HALL SAOUR Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the designation as UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR April 2009 Major: Civil Engineering i IMPLEMENTING RAINWATER HARVESTING SYSTEMS ON THE TEXAS A&M CAMPUS FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY A Senior Scholars Thesis by WILLIAM HALL SAOUR Submitted to the Office of Undergraduate Research Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for designation as UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH SCHOLAR Approved by: Research Advisor: Emily Zechman Associate Dean for Undergraduate Research: Robert C. Webb April 2009 Major: Civil Engineering iii ABSTRACT Implementing Rainwater Harvesting Systems on the Texas A&M University Campus for Irrigation Purposes: A Feasibility Study. (April 2009) William Hall Saour Department of Civil Engineering Texas A&M University Research Advisor: Dr. Emily Zechman Department of Civil Engineering Increasing population and increasing urbanization threatens both the health and availability of water resources. The volume and timing of water that is readily available may not be sufficient to supply the demand for potable water in urban areas. Rainwater harvesting is a water conservation strategy that may help alleviate water scarcity and protect the environment. The benefits of collecting rainwater and utilizing it as irrigation water are both tangible and non-tangible. Through collecting and reusing rainwater, grey water may be utilized as a practical resource. Although grey water is not safe to drink, it is safe for other uses such as toilet water, cleaning water, and irrigation. -
DRINKING WATER QUALITY in the HOME Responses to Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water
DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE HOME Responses to Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water 1. What steps can I take to maintain drinking water quality in my home? Residents can take steps to protect water quality in their home. Actions that help to preserve water qual- ity include: • Use cold water for drinking and preparing food. • Flush your tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the water in a faucet has gone unused for more than 6 hours. Flushing the tap means running the cold water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes until it gets noticeably colder. • Clean faucet aerators and strainers monthly. Replace aerators in poor condition. • Clean and disinfect sinks and faucets regularly. Cleaning faucet aerators monthly and running cold water to - flush a faucet that hasn’t been used for 6 or more hours help cording to the manufacturer’s recommendations. preserve drinking water quality in your home. • Replace your refrigerator and icemaker filters ac the manufacturer’s recommendations. • Corrosion may be greater if grounding wires from • Replace any other water filters used according to the electrical system are attached to your pipes. Flushing tap water is a simple and inexpensive Check with the licensed electrician or your local measure you can take to protect your family’s health. electrical code to determine if your wiring can be When water stands in lead pipes or pipes with lead grounded elsewhere. DO NOT attempt to change solder for several hours or more, the lead may dis- the wiring yourself because improper grounding water drawn from the tap in the morning, or later in thesolve afternoon into your after drinking returning water. -
Estimation of the Base Flow Recession Constant Under Human Interference Brian F
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 49, 7366–7379, doi:10.1002/wrcr.20532, 2013 Estimation of the base flow recession constant under human interference Brian F. Thomas,1 Richard M. Vogel,2 Charles N. Kroll,3 and James S. Famiglietti1,4,5 Received 28 January 2013; revised 27 August 2013; accepted 13 September 2013; published 15 November 2013. [1] The base flow recession constant, Kb, is used to characterize the interaction of groundwater and surface water systems. Estimation of Kb is critical in many studies including rainfall-runoff modeling, estimation of low flow statistics at ungaged locations, and base flow separation methods. The performance of several estimators of Kb are compared, including several new approaches which account for the impact of human withdrawals. A traditional semilog estimation approach adapted to incorporate the influence of human withdrawals was preferred over other derivative-based estimators. Human withdrawals are shown to have a significant impact on the estimation of base flow recessions, even when withdrawals are relatively small. Regional regression models are developed to relate seasonal estimates of Kb to physical, climatic, and anthropogenic characteristics of stream-aquifer systems. Among the factors considered for explaining the behavior of Kb, both drainage density and human withdrawals have significant and similar explanatory power. We document the importance of incorporating human withdrawals into models of the base flow recession response of a watershed and the systemic downward bias associated with estimates of Kb obtained without consideration of human withdrawals. Citation: Thomas, B. F., R. M. Vogel, C. N. Kroll, and J. S. Famiglietti (2013), Estimation of the base flow recession constant under human interference, Water Resour. -
Module III - Water, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity
Environmental Review Guide - Water, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity Module III - Water, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity The purpose of this module is to link the Regional Environmental Review Program to the goals of the Division of Ecological and Water Resources. The Division of Ecological and Water Resources works with others to: • Protect, restore, and sustain watershed functions (land-water connections, surface water resources) • Protect, restore, and sustain biodiversity and its adaptive potential • Protect, restore, and sustain groundwater resources • Provide and support excellent outdoor recreation opportunities • Minimize the negative economic and ecological impacts of invasive species • Support sustainable natural resource economies • Help achieve other DNR core objectives • Create and maintain a learning organization that implements the division’s guiding principles The Environmental Review Program is a key component in the Department of Natural Resources’ efforts to improve Minnesota’s water, ecosystem services, and biodiversity. DNR staff members involved in evaluating the effects of land- and water-use plans and economic development projects must take an integrated, systems-based, collaborative, and community- based approach to improving the habitat base and providing technical advice on actions that have the potential to adversely affect the environment. Staff must be ever mindful of the need to sustain (1) quantities and qualities of water that will ensure that Minnesota’s people and other biota can survive and thrive in the midst of changing trends in energy, climate, and demographics; (2) levels of diversity that will provide native Minnesota species and biomes with the resilience and adaptive capacities they need to evolve and thrive in the midst of changing conditions; and (3) economically vital ecosystem services that will provide Minnesota with economic and ecological security into the future. -
Technical Note 15-04 Aquifer Storage and Recovery in Texas: 2015
Technical Note 15-04 AQUIFER STORAGE AND RECOVERY IN TEXAS: 2015 by Matthew Webb Texas Water Development Board Technical Note 15-04 Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Methods and Terms .................................................................................................................... 2 Definitions ................................................................................................................................... 4 Benefits and Challenges .............................................................................................................. 4 2011 Aquifer Storage and Recovery Assessment Report ........................................................... 5 Regulatory ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Source Water Permitting Requirements ..................................................................................... 7 Underground Injection Wells ...................................................................................................... 8 Groundwater Conservation Districts -
Timbertanks Boyle&Mahood 08.1
AUTHOR: Carol Boyle, Director, International Centre for Sustainability Engineering and Research, University of Auckland Marya Mahmood (MEngSt Student, University of Auckland) Title of Paper: Comparative Assessment of Embodied Energy and CO2 of Water Tanks Contact Dr. Carol Boyle Organisation International Centre for Sustainability Engineering and Research University of Auckland Postal Address Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1072 Telephone 649 373 7599x88210 Fax 649 373 7462 Email [email protected] 1 Abstract The main aim of this project was to compare the life cycle energy use and carbon dioxide emissions of different materials of water storage tanks for a New Zealand market. This study analysed the life cycle analysis energy requirements and carbon dioxide emissions associated with plastic, concrete, steel and wood water storage tanks. The energy inputs and emissions for each of the materials were normalised to the 20 years. Results indicate that wood was the best of the four materials, having both the lowest embodied energy and carbon dioxide emissions. Plastic had the highest embodied energy while concrete tanks had the greatest embodied CO2. Further research is required to complete a full life cycle assessment of the different materials. 2 Environmental Impacts of Different Materials for Water Tanks Introduction There are increasing concerns over provision of water to communities, with an estimated two-thirds of countries facing increasing water shortages by 2050 (GEO4, 2007). While much of New Zealand current has sufficient water, changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change, an increasing consumption of water and a reliance on water for energy provision mean that water conservation will become increasingly important. -
WATER SECURITY STATUS REPORT December 2020
WATER SECURITY STATUS REPORT December 2020 SEQ Water Grid capacity Average daily residential consumption Grid operations and overall water security position (L/Person) Despite receiving rainfall in parts of the northern and southern areas The Southern Regional Water Pipeline is still operating in a northerly 100% 250 2019 December average of South East Queensland (SEQ), the region continues to be in Drought direction. The Northern Pipeline Interconnectors (NPI 1 and 2) have been 90% 200 Response conditions with combined Water Grid storages at 57.8%. operating in a bidirectional mode, with NPI 1 flowing north while NPI 80% 150 2 flows south. The grid flow operations help to distribute water in SEQ Wivenhoe Dam remains below 50% capacity for the seventh 70% 100 where it is needed most. SEQ Drought Readiness 50 consecutive month. There was minimal rainfall in the catchment 60% average Drought Response 0 surrounding Lake Wivenhoe, our largest drinking water storage. The average residential water usage remains high at 172 litres per 50% person, per day (LPD). While this is less than the same period last year 40% 172 184 165 196 177 164 Although the December rain provided welcome relief for many of the (195 LPD), it is still 22 litres above the recommended 150 LPD average % region’s off-grid communities, Boonah-Kalbar and Dayboro are still under 57.8 30% *Data range is 03/12/2020 to 30/12/2020 and 05/12/2019 to 01/01/2020 according to the SEQ Drought Response Plan. drought response monitoring (see below for additional details). 20% See map below and legend at the bottom of the page for water service provider information The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) outlook for January to March is likely 10% The Gold Coast Desalination Plant (GCDP) had been maximising to be wetter than average for much of Australia, particularly in the east. -
Wood Burning Cook Stove Energy Saving Hot Water Kit CAUTION
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS For The "North" Wood Burning Cook Stove energy saving Hot Water Kit CAUTION: These installation instructions are meant to be used as a guide for woodstove owner and plumber to follow. Failure to follow these instructions properly may result in a faulty installation. which could result in damage to system and/or self. Study the instructions thoroughly before beginning any work. WARRNING: Water Coil should be installed over horizontal firebricks and under cooktop (horizontally as shown on photo 1 and 2 on pg.6) NOT inside the firebox. USE PROFESSIONAL-LICENSE PLUMBER. If your unit has water coil installed by manufacturer, skip 1-7 and choose method I, II or III, one that will best suit your particular needs. 1. Wash the heat exchanger coil out with hot soapy water and rinse. This will insure that no residues will be left inside the coil from the manufacturing process. 2. Measure the distance from center to center of the holes on the ends of the heat exchanger coil. This measurement may be 6", 8", or 9“, depending on your coil kit model no. 3. Locate a space within the stove where the coil will not interfere with any of the internal parts. With a centerpunch and hammer, mark two points (measurement in step one) on the outside of the stove that will correspond with the free space inside. If your stove is cast iron, DO NOT attempt to centerpunch it, as it will crack. Mark the stove with a felt tipped pen if it is cast iron. 4. With the drill provided in the holesaw, dril a 1/4" hole at each of the marks. -
Garden Schematic
THE CITY OF SURPRISE CONSERVATION GARDENS SITE WILL HARVEST STORM WATER COLLECTION STORM WATER TO SUPPLEMENT THE PROJECT SITE IRRIGATION - 10,000 GALLON FIBERGLASS STORM WATER STORAGE TANK REQUIREMENTS. THE STORM WATER TANK IS ONE (1) 10,000 GALLON - 8' DIAMETER X 31' LONG UNDERGROUND FIBERGLASS TANKS THAT WILL ACT AS A SURGE TANK DURING RAIN EVENTS. THE STORM WATER TANK SHALL BE EQUIPPED 1 2 3 4 WITH A 200 GPM PUMP TO TRANSFER WATER TO THE PRIMARY IRRIGATION 5 6 7 STORM WATER TRANSFER PUMP 8 STORAGE TANKS DURING A STORM AND AFTERWARDS AS PRIMARY 9 10 11 - 200 GPM AT 50 FT-HEAD SUBMERSIBLE PUMP 12 13 STORAGE VOLUME ID DEPLETED. ADDITIONALLY, A SINGLE 10,000 14 15 - POWER: 120-240V/1PHASE/60Hz 16 GALLON CORRUGATED STEEL TANK WILL COLLECT RAIN WATER DIRECTLY P - EQUIPPED WITH FLOW METER FROM THE EXISTING BUILDING EAST OF THE GARDEN SITE. THE EXISTING M - PUMP WILL TRANSFER STORM WATER DURING STORM EVENTS RAIN SCUPPER WILL BE EXTENDED TO FILL THE TANK FROM THE TOP. A IRRIGATION MAINLINE TO FILL PRIMARY IRRIGATION WATER STORAGE TANKS AND WILL REFILL PRIMARY TANKS AS THEY BECOME SMALL 10 GPM PUMP WILL TRANSFER WATER FROM THE RAIN WATER EMPTY STORAGE TANK TO THE PRIMARY STORAGE TANKS, OR THE PUMP MAY BE USED TO IRRIGATE A SMALL EXAMPLE COMMERCIAL GARDEN ON THE RESIDENTIAL RAIN WATER COLLECTION SITE. - TWO (2) 400 GALLON POLYETHYLENE STORAGE TANKS - SIZE: 3' DIAMETER X 8' HIGH THE PRIMARY IRRIGATION STORAGE TANKS SHALL CONSIST OF TWO (2) - TO COLLECT RAIN FROM RESIDENTIAL ROOF AND GRAVITY FEED 18,000 GALLON ABOVE GRADE CORGAL CORRUGATED STEEL TANKS TO PLANTS AROUND HOUSE VIA GRAVITY SYSTEM SITUATED AT THE SOUTH END OF THE SITE. -
Heuristic Continuous Base Flow Separation
Heuristic Continuous Base Flow Separation Jozsef Szilagyi1 Abstract: A digital filtering algorithm for continuous base flow separation is compared to physically based simulations of base flow. It is shown that the digital filter gives comparable results to model simulations in terms of the multiyear base flow index when a filter coefficient is used that replicates the watershed-specific time delay of model simulations. This way, the application of the heuristic digital filter for practical continuous base flow separation can be justified when auxiliary hydrometeorological data ͑such as precipitation and air temperature͒ typically required for physically based base flow separation techniques are not available or not representative of the watershed. The filter coefficient can then be optimized upon an empirical estimate of the watershed-specific time delay, requiring only the drainage area of the watershed. DOI: 10.1061/͑ASCE͒1084-0699͑2004͒9:4͑311͒ CE Database subject headings: Base flow; Digital filters; Runoff; Streamflow; Algorithms. Introduction needed to obtain a good estimate on the amount of water available to runoff. Many times the precipitation record has discontinuities Detailed knowledge of groundwater contribution to streams, i.e., that can easily thwart efforts to perform continuous base flow base flow, is important in many water management areas: water separation using physically based techniques. Clearly, there is a supply, wastewater dilution, navigation, hydropower generation practical need for a technique that uses the most basic information ͑Dingman 1994͒ and aquifer characterization ͑Brutsaert and Nie- available: streamflow and the corresponding drainage area. The ber 1977; Troch et al. 1993; Szilagyi et al. 1998; Brutsaert and digital filtering technique of Nathan and McMahon ͑1990͒ is such Lopez 1998͒.