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DRINKING WATER QUALITY in the HOME Responses to Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water

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DRINKING WATER QUALITY in the HOME Responses to Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN THE HOME Responses to Frequently Asked Questions About Lead and Copper in Water 1. What steps can I take to maintain drinking water quality in my home? Residents can take steps to protect water quality in their home. Actions that help to preserve water qual- ity include: • Use cold water for drinking and preparing food. • Flush your tap before using it for drinking or cooking any time the water in a faucet has gone unused for more than 6 hours. Flushing the tap means running the cold water for 30 seconds to 2 minutes until it gets noticeably colder. • Clean faucet aerators and strainers monthly. Replace aerators in poor condition. • Clean and disinfect sinks and faucets regularly. Cleaning faucet aerators monthly and running cold water to - flush a faucet that hasn’t been used for 6 or more hours help cording to the manufacturer’s recommendations. preserve drinking water quality in your home. • Replace your refrigerator and icemaker filters ac the manufacturer’s recommendations. • Corrosion may be greater if grounding wires from • Replace any other water filters used according to the electrical system are attached to your pipes. Flushing tap water is a simple and inexpensive Check with the licensed electrician or your local measure you can take to protect your family’s health. electrical code to determine if your wiring can be When water stands in lead pipes or pipes with lead grounded elsewhere. DO NOT attempt to change solder for several hours or more, the lead may dis- the wiring yourself because improper grounding water drawn from the tap in the morning, or later in thesolve afternoon into your after drinking returning water. from This work means or theschool, first can cause electrical shock and fire hazards. may contain higher levels of lead. 2. How do I flush my internal plumbing? The amount of time you should run the cold water to have a lead service line, the length of the lead service Additional beneficial plumbing tips include: lineflush and your amount internal of plumbing dependsin your home. on whether Running you • Drain and flush your hot water heater annually. your water until you feel a temperature change will • lead Identify into and drinking replace water. plumbing Products fixtures sold containingafter indicate the water is from outside your premises’ Januarylead. Brass 4, 2014, faucets, must fittings by law and contain valves very may lowleach levels of lead. 1 to 2 minutes to ensure you are receiving water from theplumbing. water mainOnce andthat not has your occurred, service flush line. an additional properly. • Be sure backflow protection devices are installed 50-foot service line is the recommended standard. Note: At one gallon per minute, a 2-minute flush for a IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS REGARDING YOUR WATER QUALITY, CONTACT YOUR MUNICIPALITY. GLWATER.ORG 3. How do I remove, clean and replace my National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) standard faucet aerators? 53 for lead removal. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for replacement. Contact NSF Faucet aerators are used International at 800-NSF-8010 or visit their website at www.nsf.org for more information. of water from the faucet • Do not boil water to remove lead, boiling will not withto provide even pressurea steady flow remove lead. that prevents splashing and can reduce water usage. Aerators typi- 5. What is the difference between particulate cally include a screen lead and soluble lead? and rubber washer. The aerator housing screen can become dirty Soluble lead is lead that dissolves in water. Corrosion collecting sediment and metals including particulate control treatment using orthophosphate reduces the lead. Monthly cleaning of aerators is recommended. If amount of soluble lead in water by creating a protec- the screen is in poor condition or damaged, it should tive layer inside the pipe. be replaced. Hardware stores sell replacement parts. To clean your aerator: tiny pieces can fall off the sides of pipes into the water. Particulate lead is the size of tiny grains of sand. These 1. Unscrew the aerator housing. New faucet fre- It can cause the lead level in water to spike and drop quently come with a tool to remove the aerator. suddenly. Construction activity in your neighborhood 2. Separate the aerator into individual rubber can increase the risk of particulate lead, especially washer and screen parts (if possible). when the ground is disturbed close to your home. 3. Remove any sediment (mineral or rust build up) on the screen and other parts. If necessary, soak • Use a filter if you are concerned about particulate the parts in white vinegar for a few minutes and to remove both particulate and soluble lead, and lead. Make sure the filter you purchase is designed scrub with a brush. 4. Reassemble the aerator parts and re-attach to the manufacturer. replace the filter cartridge as recommended by faucet (using tool if necessary). • Clean your aerator at least monthly or more fre- quently on all your faucets since lead particles can build up on the aerator screen when construction 4. Can construction activity in my neighbor- activity is close to your home. hood affect my drinking water? Yes, when the ground is disturbed close to your home, particles can shake free from inside the network of underground pipes including your service line. Having Consider replacing old plumbing fixtures made a lead service line can increase your risk of exposure of brass or that contain to lead when the ground is disturbed. Particulate lead lead. Products sold after is like tiny grains of sand. These tiny pieces can fall off January 4, 2014, must the sides of pipes into the water. It can cause the lead by law contain very low level in water to go up quickly and then go back down. levels of lead. During construction and until your lead service line is replaced, you should take the following precautions. • Clean your faucet aerator at least monthly. Lead particles can build up on the aerator screen so Sediment, bacteria, cleaning them is important. minerals and metals can • Flush your tap before using it for drinking or build up in your hot water cooking any time the water in a faucet has gone heater tank. This can unused for more than 6 hours. Flushing the tap impact household water means running the cold water for 30 seconds to quality and water pres- 2 minutes until it gets noticeably colder. sure. Drain and flush your hot water tank annually. if you are pregnant or have children under the age See “How to Flush Your • Use a filter when drinking or cooking particularly - Hot Water Heater Tank” information sheet. of 6. A filter is especially important if you are mak ing baby formula. Make sure the filter meets the GLWATER.ORG PUBLICATION DATE: JUNE 2016 SOURCES OF LEAD AND COPPER AND HEALTH EFFECTS Responses to Frequently Asked Questions about Lead and Copper in Water 1. How does lead get into drinking water? Drinking water provided by the GLWA does not con- tain lead. Lead may enter drinking water as a result of the corrosion or wearing away of materials in the wa- ter distribution system and household plumbing that contain lead. These materials can include lead-based solder, brass and chrome-plated brass faucets and connecting homes to water mains. Corrosion control practicesfixtures, and reduce lead the goosenecks risk of lead and leaching lead service from linespipes The GLWA, formerly the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department,by creating a hasprotective used orthophosphate film or coating toinside control the corpipe.- rosion since 1996. 2. What are the major sources of lead Children 6 years old and younger are most susceptible to the effects of lead. In homes with lead service lines or plumbing, exposure? water consumption can contribute about 10-20% of a child’s total lead intake. soil contaminated with lead. The most common cause ofLead lead exposure poisoning can is come from fromcontaminated paint, dust, paint water chips or and dust. Lead was used in household paint until 1978 3. What health problems are associated with leaving lead contamination in homes and surrounding lead exposure? soils. Leaded gasoline, used until the mid-1980s, has Lead can affect almost every organ and system in your also contributed to increased lead levels in soil. Lead body. Children 6 years old and younger are most sus- was used in drinking water service lines in Michigan ceptible to the effects of lead. According to the United until 1947 in some areas and lead-based solder on States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), copper pipes installed in household plumbing until “Even low levels of lead in the blood of children can 1986. result in behavior and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, slowed growth, hearing problems and anemia.” Pregnant women are at particular risk from could contain up to 8% lead. In January 2014, “lead Prior to 2014, “lead free” household plumbing fixtures stillbirth (Troesken, 2006; Edwards, 2014); and pre- maturelead exposure birth. Adults that can can result suffer in from reduced cardiovascular fetus growth, whenfree” was corrosive redefined water as runsa weighted through average them, henceof 0.25% the effects, decreased kidney function and reproductive needlead. Leadfor corrosion can leach control from these additives. pipes Water and fixtures consump - problems. tion can contribute about 10-20% of a child’s total Contact your physician if you are concerned about drinking formula prepared with tap water (Rabin, 2008).lead intake and 40-60% of lead exposure from infants effects of lead can be found on the USEPA’s website at www.epa.gov/lead/learn-about-leadlead exposure. Additional information. on the health GLWATER.ORG 4.
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