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AQA GCSE Music G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T SING WE AND CHANT IT STARTER ACTIVITY – LISTENING TO A MADRIGAL Listen to a Madrigal – “Sing We and Chant It” by the early English composer Thomas Morley (c.1557-1602) (pictured below) and answer the following questions. A copy of the lyrics has been given for you to follow. 1. How many voice parts do you think are singing this song? 2. What do you notice about the accompaniment to this song? 3. What do you notice about the repetition of the lyrics? 4. What is the difference in TEXTURE between the sections of this song with “words” and the “fa la la” sections? 5. Is this song religious (SACRED) or non-religious (SECULAR)? Sing we and chant it All things invite us while love doth grant it, now to delight us, fa la la, etc. fa la la, etc. Not long youth lasteth, Hence, care, be packing! and old age hasteth; no mirth be lacking! now is best leisure Let spare no treasure to take our pleasure, to live in pleasure, fa la la, etc. fa la la, etc. Learning Objectives Learn about the different types of textures used in vocal music, including when voices are singing together (AoS 3) Learn about the Madrigal as a type of song with its characteristic features including textures, structure, word painting and imitation (AoS 3, 4 & 5) LEARNING ABOUT VOCAL TEXTURES IDEAS BOX – “TEXTURE” Page 1 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T MONOPHONIC TEXTURE HOMOPHONIC TEXTURE POLYPHONIC TEXTURE LISTENING TO VOCAL TEXTURES Listen carefully to the following extracts of vocal music and decide whether you think the texture is monophonic, homophonic or polyphonic AND whether the music is ACCOMPANIED or A CAPPELLA. Put a tick in the correct columns to indicate your choice. Extract Monophonic Homophonic Polyphonic Accompanied A Capella Texture Texture Texture 1 2 3 4 5 6 Page 2 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T LEARNING ABOUT MADRIGALS In 1588, a collection of Italian Madrigals with English words was published in England. This sparked off great enthusiasm, and soon, English composers were writing their own Madrigals which were performed, usually with ONE SINGER PER PART, in the homes of keen music-lovers everywhere. The Madrigal was popular during the Renaissance period and was usually for FOUR TO SIX UNACCOMPANIED VOICES, short and secular in nature and making much use of IMITATION and WORD PAINTING, often using MELISMAS where several notes are sung to the same syllable. Listen to the Madrigal, “Fair Phyllis”, written by the English church musician and composer John Farmer (pictured below) (c.1591-1601) for four voices following the text below as you listen and see if you can decide whether this Madrigal is STROPHIC or THROUGH-COMPOSED? 1. Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone, 2. Feeding her flock near to the mountain side. 3. The shepherds knew not, they knew not whither she was gone, 4. But after her lover Amyntas hied. 5. Up and down he wandered, 6. Whilst she was missing; 7. When he found her, 8. O, then they fell-a-kissing. Now listen to some individual lines from this Madrigal and see if you can identify the different vocal textures that John Farmer uses. You’ll hear each individual line twice. Monophonic Texture Homophonic Texture Polyphonic Texture 1. 1. Fair Phyllis I saw sitting all alone 2. Feeding her flock near to the mountain side. 5. Up and down he wandered, 8. O, then they fell-a- kissing. Another feature of a Madrigal is an often used “Fa la la” REFRAIN which is heard at section endings (such as in “Sing We and Chant It” in the starter activity). Listen to “Now is the month of maying”, another Madrigal by Thomas Morley, for this “Fa la la” refrain and also for the texture and structure. 1. What VOCAL TEXTURE is used in “Now is the month of maying” 2. Is this Madrigal STROPHIC or THROUGH-COMPOSED? Page 3 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T LEARNING ABOUT IMITATION Look at the score of Thomas Tallis’s ANTHEM “If Ye Love Me” on the next pages, set for four voices – Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass (SATB) and answer the following questions as you listen. 1. What VOCAL TEXTURE does Tallis use in the first four bars? 2. What VOCAL TEXTURE does Tallis use from bar 5 (letter B) onwards? 3. From bar 5, the four voices enter in IMITATION (the repetition of a phrase or melody one voice enterting after another, often in different keys or at different pitches) with the words “and I will pray”. In what order do the voices enter in bars 5-7 with these words in IMITATION? 4. Bars 9-10 also feature IMITATION on the words “and he shall give”. In what order do the voice parts enter here? 5. There’s more IMITATION in bars 13-16 on the words “that He”. In what order do the voice parts enter here? 6. See if you can identify the final example of IMITATION naming the bars, words and in what order the voice parts enter? Page 4 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T 17 Page 5 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T GCSE-STYLE LISTENING QUESTION Areas of Study: Texture & Melody/Timbre & Dynamics/Structure & Form Total for this question: 11 marks 1 You will hear the following piece of music played three times. The words are given below. You may find it helpful to tick a box each time you hear the excerpt. All creatures now are merry-minded. The shepherd’s daughters playing, The nymphs are fa-la-la-ing, Yond bugle was well winded. At Oriana’s presence each thing smileth. The flowers themselves discover; Birds over her do hover; Music the time beguileth. See where she comes with flowery garlands crownèd. Queen of all queen renownèd. Then sang the shepherds and nymphs of Diana: Love live fair Oriana. 1a Is this an example of a sacred or secular song? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) 1b Are the following lines set in a homophonic or polyphonic texture? (i) The nymphs are fa-la-la-ing,………………………………………………………… (ii) See where she comes with flowery garlands crownèd………………………….. (iii) Love live fair Oriana………………………………………………………………… (3 marks) 1c Identify a particular line or lyric in this song which shows the composer’s use of word painting. How does the composer “paint” or express, the idea in their music? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 mark) 1b In line 2 of the song, the voices enter one after each other with similar musical idea. What is the musical name for this? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) 1e How would you describe the structure of this song and why? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks) 1f What word best describes this song? (circle your answer) LIED MADRIGAL ARIA MASS (1 mark) 1g In which musical period do you think this song was written? (circle your answer) RENAISSANCE BAROQUE CLASSICAL ROMANTIC (1 mark) Page 6 of 7 WWW.MUSICALCONTEXTS, CO.UK G C S E A Q A M U S I C – S T R A N D 1 - WESTERN CLASSICAL TR A D I T I O N STUDY GUIDE SUB - S T R A N D 3 – MUSIC FOR VOICES - STUDY SESSION 10 – SING WE AND C H A N T I T PLENARY KEY WORDS REVISION Match the key words on the left hand side with their correct definition from the right hand side. The opposite of “sacred”, meaning “non- Madrigal religious, where the words of the song are often about nature or non-religious events. A type of musical texture which features a Monophonic single melodic line (may be sung by one or more singers) A word meaning “religious” where the words of A Cappella the song are taken from the bible or have a religious meaning A type of musical texture which features a Refrain melody (performed by voices) and accompaniment (other voices or instruments) A repeated part of a song, like a chorus, which Homophonic (Block Chordal) often comes at the end of different verses or sections.
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