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Global EV Outlook 2019 Scaling-Up the Transition to Electric Mobility

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Global EV Outlook 2019 Scaling-Up the Transition to Electric Mobility Global EV Outlook 2019 Scaling-up the transition to electric mobility May 2019 Global EV Outlook 2019 Abstract Abstract The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that identifies and discusses recent developments in electric mobility across the globe. It is developed with the support of the members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). Combining historical analysis with projections to 2030, the report examines key areas of interest such as electric vehicle and charging infrastructure deployment, ownership cost, energy use, carbon dioxide emissions and battery material demand. The report includes policy recommendations that incorporate learning from frontrunner markets to inform policy makers and stakeholders that consider policy frameworks and market systems for electric vehicle adoption. This edition features a specific analysis of the performance of electric cars and competing powertrain options in terms of greenhouse gas emissions over their life cycle. As well, it discusses key challenges in the transition to electric mobility and solutions that are well suited to address them. This includes vehicle and battery cost developments; supply and value chain sustainability of battery materials; implications of electric mobility for power systems; government revenue from taxation; and the interplay between electric, shared and automated mobility options. reserved. rights All PAGE | 1 IEA. Global EV Outlook 2019 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The Global EV Outlook 2019 was developed and prepared by the Energy Technology Policy (ETP) Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks (STO) of the International Energy Agency (IEA), under the direction of Mechthild Wörsdörfer, Director of STO and Timur Gül, Head of ETP. Pierpaolo Cazzola and Marine Gorner co-ordinated this project. This report was collectively developed by (in alphabetical order): Till Bunsen; Pierpaolo Cazzola; Léa d’Amore; Marine Gorner; Sacha Scheffer; Renske Schuitmaker; Hugo Signollet; Jacopo Tattini and Jacob Teter. Leonardo Paoli (University of Cambridge) also provided extensive contributions. The development of this analysis benefited from support provided by the following IEA colleagues: Zoe Hungerford; Enrique Gutierrez Tavarez and Peerapat Vithayasrichareon on the Implications of electric mobility for power systems section in Chapter 5; George Kamiya on the Shared and automated mobility section in Chapter 5; Domenico Lattanzio, Roberta Quadrelli and Elvira Sumalinog on the Government revenue from taxation section in Chapter 5; Jihyun Selena Lee on the Korea policy analysis in Chapter 2; Rebecca McKimm on the analysis in the Industry roll-out plans section in Chapter 2; Siddharth Singh on the India policy analysis in Chapter 2 and Yilun Yan on the People’s Republic of China (hereafter “China”) policy analysis in Chapter 2. Michael Wang, Jarod C. Kelly and Qiang Dai (Argonne National Laboratory) provided support for the development of Chapter 4. Emmanuel Hache, Marine Simoën, Clement Bonnet and Gondia Sokhna Seck (IFP Énergies nouvelles), as well as Hannah Koep-Andrieu, Rashad Abelson, Tyler Gillard and Luca Maiotti (OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs), and Jonathan Eckart and Andrés Zaragoza (World Economic Forum) provided support for the development of the section on Supply and value chain sustainability of battery materials in Chapter 5. Elisabeth Windisch (International Transport Forum) and Martina Wikström (Swedish Energy Agency) supported the development of the Government revenue from taxation section in Chapter 5. Karla Cervantes Barron (University of Cambridge) supported the analysis of on the Industry roll-out plans section in Chapter 2. Shabbir Ahmed (Argonne National Laboratory) provided support on the battery cost analyses developed with the BatPac model. The following individuals have contributed to developing the activities of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) on behalf of their governments by providing data and assistance, and reviewing this report: Carol Burelle (Canada); Aaron Hoskin (Canada); Paula Vieira (Canada); Cristina Victoriano (Chile); Jiayu You (China); Zheng Yali (China); Chengxi Li (China);Lijin Zhao (China); Guofang Liu (China); Jinchen Guo (China);Jian Liu (China); Pentti Puhakka (Finland); Mikko Pihlatie (Finland); Marko Paakkinen (Finland); Clarisse Durand (France); Sylène Lasfargues (France); Jadranka Dokic (Germany); Gereon Meyer (Germany); Birgit Hofmann (Germany); Abhay Bakre (India); Zuiou Ashihara (Japan); Sonja Munnix (Netherlands); Clem Arlidge (New Zealand); Greg Nelson (New Zealand); Jannis Rippis (Norway); Asbjørn Johnsen (Norway); Marianne Dalgard (Norway); Martina Wikström (Sweden); Tim Ward (United Kingdom); Russel Conklin and David Howell (United States) The Government of Portugal also supported the development of this report. Other contributors to data collection include Ricardo Zomer reserved. rights All PAGE | 2 IEA. Global EV Outlook 2019 Acknowledgements (Brazil); Lisa Bjergbakke (Denmark); Baldur Pétursson (Iceland); Jón Ásgeir H. Þorvaldsson (Iceland); Anna Lilja Oddsdóttir (Iceland); Sigurdur Ingi Friðleifsson (Iceland); Alok Ray (Society of manufacturers of electric vehicles, India) and Hiten Parmar (South Africa). Sarbojit Pal, Rui Luo, Ellina Levina and Christian Zinglersen from the Clean Energy Ministerial secretariat were also instrumental to facilitate the development of EVI activities. Peer reviewers provided essential feedback to improve the quality of the report. They include: Rashad Abelson (OECD); Laurent Antoni (IEA AFC TCP); Jonn Axsen (Simon Fraser University); Kawtar Benabdelaziz (IEA HEV TCP); Tomoko Blech (CHAdeMO Association); Clement Bonnet (IFP Energies nouvelles); Karima Boukir (Enedis); Wieland Bruch (BMW); Anri Cohen (BP); Sylvie Courty (Enedis); Charles Crispim (Government of Canada); Francois Cuenot (UNECE); Qiang Dai (Argonne National Laboratory); Jacques Delaballe (International Electrotechnical Commission); Alexandros Dimitropoulos (OECD); Clarisse Durand (Government of France); Jonathan Eckart (World Economic Forum); Todd Edwards (Mission 2020); Sapna Eticala (Infineum); Annika Fischer (IEA AFC TCP); Bogdan Gagea (BP); Christel Galbrun-Noel (Schneider Electric); Marjan Gjelaj (Technische Universität Dänemarks); Mattias Goldmann (FORES); Pedro Gomes (EDP); Ichiro Gonda (NGK NTK); Cécile Goubet (AVERE-FRANCE); Emmanuel Hache (IFP Énergies nouvelles); Martin Haigh (Shell); Jasmin Hamp (Charging Interface Initiative); Kensai Hata (Toyota); Petter Haugneland (Norsk elbilforening); Yasuhiro Horikawa (Government of Japan); Kaoru Horie (Honda); Aaron Hoskin (Government of Canada); Roland Irle and Viktor Irle (EV- volumes.com); Asbjørn Johnsen (Norwegian Public Roads Administration); Gerfried Jungmeier (IEA HEV TCP); Hiroyuki Kaneko (Nissan); Arjan Keizer (NewMotion); Jarod C. Kelly (Argonne National Laboratory); Yossapong Laoonual (King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi); Sebastián Herrera Larraín (Government of Chile); Sylene Lasfargues (Government of France); Francisco Laveron (Iberdrola); Philip Lenart (ExxonMobil); Chengxi Li (SIAC Shanghai); Paulo Lopes (EDP); Pieter Looijestijn (MRA-Elektrisch); Maurizio Maggiore (EC); Vivek Makhija (Shell); Tim Martin (RESOLVE); Nikola Medimorec (SLoCaT Partnership); Austin Mertz (ChargePoint); James F. Miller (Argonne National Laboratory); Mark Mistry (Nickel Institute); Simone Mori (Enel); Sonja Munnix (Netherlands Enterprise Agency); Hannah E. Murdock (REN21); Tatsuya Nagai (Government of Japan); Khac-Tiep Nguyen (formerly UNIDO); Frank Nikolic (Vale); Andi Novianto (Government of Indonesia); Walid Oueslati (OECD); Risa Oya (Toyota); Max Parness (Toyota); Carol Pettit (Cobalt Institute); Alison Pridmore (Aether); Nazir Refa (ElaadNL); Michael Rex (IEA AFC TCP); Sandra Roling (The Climate Group); Matthieu Rubion (Enedis); Gen Saito (Nissan); Jon Salkeld (BP); Remzi Can Samsun (IEA AFC TCP); Gondia Sokhna Seck (IFP Energies nouvelles); Naotaka Shibata (TEPCO); Svend Soyland (Nordic Energy Research); Yuichiro Tanabe (Honda); Jón Ásgeir Haukdal Þorvaldsson (Government of Iceland); Takashi Tsutsumizaki (Honda); Oleg Tsilvik; Victor Valverde-Espinoza (Government of Costa Rica); Francesco Venturini (Enel); Christelle Verstraeten (ChargePoint); Cristina Victoriano (Government of Chile); Axel Volkery (EC); Nicholas Wagner (IRENA); Mark Wenzel (State of California); Martina Wikström (Government of Sweden) and Lulu Xue (World Resources Institute); Zheng Yali (SAE China). IEA reviewers included Paul Simons, Laszlo Varro, Simon Bennett, Laura Cozzi, Apostolos Petropoulos, Siddarth Singh, Glenn Sondak, Dave Turk and Tiffany Vass. The report was edited by Debra Justus. The development of this report was facilitated by contributions from EVI countries and the Hewlett Foundation for the co-ordination of the Electric Vehicles Initiative by the IEA. reserved. rights All PAGE | 3 IEA. Global EV Outlook 2019 Highlights Highlights • Electric mobility is expanding at a rapid pace. In 2018, the global electric car fleet exceeded 5.1 million, up 2 million from the previous year and almost doubling the number of new electric car sales. The People’s Republic of China remains the world’s largest electric car market, followed by Europe and the United States. Norway is the global leader in terms of electric car market share. • Policies play a critical role. Leading countries in electric mobility use a variety of measures such as fuel economy standards coupled with incentives for zero- and low-emissions
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