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Ouvrage De C-F Boudouresque MANUEL DE RÉDACTION SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE Édition 2014-2015 Prof. Charles-François BOUDOURESQUE Aix-Marseille Université et Université de Toulon, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), CNRS/INSU, IRD, UM 110, Campus universitaire de Luminy, case 901, 13288 Mar- seille cedex 9, France. Email : [email protected] advancing the frontiers 2 C.F. Boudouresque : Manuel de rédaction scientifique et technique. Édition 2014-2015 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Cet ouvrage correspond à des cours destinés à la Licence ‘Sciences de la Nature, de la Terre et de l'Environ- nement’ (SNTE), au Master d'Océanographie (première et deuxième années) du Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (Aix-Marseille Université et Université du Sud Toulon-Var) et aux doctorants des écoles doc- torales d’Aix-Marseille Université. Il est en accès libre sur la page web de Charles F. Boudouresque. Il doit être cité sous l'une des deux formes suivantes : Boudouresque C.F., 2013. Manuel de rédaction scientifique et technique. Edition 2014-2015. MIO (Mediter- ranean Institute of Oceanography), Aix-Marseille Université publ., Marseille : 1-91. Boudouresque C.F., 2013. Manuel de rédaction scientifique et technique. Edition 2014-2015. 91 pp. http://www.com.univ-mrs.fr/~boudouresque. Sommaire 1. Introduction ............ ...................................................................................... 3 2. Instructions aux auteurs .................................................................................... 6 3. Typographie ............ ...................................................................................... 6 3.1. La ponctuation .................................................................................. 6 3.2. Les signes diacritiques ...................................................................... 9 3.3. Les majuscules ................................................................................. 9 3.4. Les italiques et le soulignement ...................................................... 10 3.5. Les caractères gras ........................................................................ 10 3.6. Les mots latins ................................................................................ 10 3.7. Les titres et sous-titres .................................................................... 16 3.8. L'indentation .................................................................................... 17 3.9. La justification ................................................................................. 17 3.10. La pagination ................................................................................ 18 4. Le texte ............ .................................................................................... 19 4.1. Rythme ...... .................................................................................... 19 4.2. Citation des références dans le texte .............................................. 19 4.3. Codes de la nomenclature et autorité des noms d'espèces et de genres ............................................................ 21 4.4. Noms vernaculaires ........................................................................ 28 4.5. Citation d'extraits d'un texte ............................................................ 30 4.6. Style ........... .................................................................................... 30 4.7. Orthographe et grammaire .............................................................. 37 4.8. Pluriel et féminin ............................................................................. 42 5. Les tableaux ............ .................................................................................... 44 6. Les figures ............ .................................................................................... 44 6.1. Généralités sur les figures .............................................................. 44 6.2. Echelle des figures.......................................................................... 46 6.3. Graphisme des figures .................................................................... 51 7. Les unités ............ .................................................................................... 54 7.1. Un peu d'histoire .............................................................................. 54 7.2. Le système international (SI) .......................................................... 56 7.3. Les unités de base et les unités dérivées du SI .............................. 57 7.4. Les unités en dehors du SI mais dont l'usage est accepté ............. 59 7.5. Unités coutumières et autres usages fautifs ................................... 62 7.6. Notation des dates (années) ........................................................... 65 8. Données chiffrées ...... .................................................................................... 67 9. Le plan ............ .................................................................................... 69 9.1. Le titre ........ .................................................................................... 70 9.2. Les résumés ................................................................................... 70 9.3. Le chapitre ‘Introduction’ ................................................................. 71 9.4. Le chapitre ‘Matériel et méthodes’ .................................................. 71 9.5. Le chapitre ‘Résultats’ ..................................................................... 72 9.6. Le chapitre ‘Discussion’ .................................................................. 72 9.7. Le chapitre ‘Conclusions’ ................................................................ 73 9.8. Les ‘Remerciements’ ...................................................................... 73 9.9. Les références ................................................................................ 74 9.10. Les Annexes ................................................................................. 82 10. Les corrections d'épreuves ............................................................................ 82 10.1. Objectif des corrections ................................................................ 82 10.2. Exemple de correction d'épreuves ................................................ 83 11. Votre copie d’examen .................................................................................... 83 Postface ............ .................................................................................... 86 Index thématique ............ .................................................................................... 87 C.F. Boudouresque : Manuel de rédaction scientifique et technique. Édition 2014-2015 3 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. INTRODUCTION Les principes de la rédaction scientifique ont évolué, au cours des dernières décennies, vers une très grande rigueur. Il en résulte que certains articles et rapports anciens, éventuellement des articles parus récemment dans des revues dites ‘locales’, parfois même des articles parus dans des revues inter- nationales mais dont les reviewers 1 étaient très spécialisés 2, peuvent apparaître comme en contradic- tion avec ce qui est exposé ici. Toutefois, ce que peut se permettre un vieux chercheur mondialement connu ou un fonctionnaire titulaire, le futur chercheur d'emploi que vous êtes ne peut pas se le per- mettre. Vous ne serez pas seulement recruté pour perpétuer des pratiques et des savoirs ancestraux, mais pour ce que vous apporterez de nouveau , dans ce domaine comme dans les autres. Cette évi- dence sera répétée, martelée, dans les pages qui suivent (encadré 1). Encadré 1 Lisez entièrement cet ouvrage ! Lisez entièrement cet ouvrage, de la première page (page 3) à la dernière page de texte (page 86). Vous pouvez le lire rapi- dement, le ‘survoler’, mais lisez le ! Pourquoi ? Parce que l’on ne trouve que ce que l’on cherche (même si cela concerne la rédaction et non la recherche scientifique), et que l’on ne cherche que ce que l’on suppose exister. Chercheriez-vous ‘points de suspension’ dans l’index, si vous ne savez pas qu’il y a un problème avec les points de suspension ? Chercheriez-vous ‘notation des dates’ si vous ne savez pas qu’il existe une nouvelle notation des dates, l’ère commune ? Chercheriez-vous ‘salinité’ si vous ne savez pas que sa notation a évolué ? Chercheriez-vous ‘notation des milliers’ si vous ne savez pas que le SI (Système International) a tranché entre le point, la virgule et l’espace insécable et adopté une norme universelle ? Cherche- riez-vous ‘phytoplancton’ si vous ne savez pas que le terme a été utilisé dans une dizaine de sens différents et contradictoires, et que le sens particulier dans lequel vous l’utilisez doit donc impérativement être indiqué ? On ne trouve que ce que l’on cherche On ne cherche que ce que l’on suppose exister Un certain nombre des principes exposés dans cet ouvrage apparaitront au lecteur comme des évi- dences. Pourtant, à la lecture des mémoires de master recherche ou ‘pro’, des rapports rédigés par ou pour des administrations, et même d'un certain nombre de publications scientifiques, on se rend compte qu'ils sont moins évidents qu'il ne parait. D'autres principes sembleront très arbitraires. Il en va ainsi
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