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Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs from Garmsar, Semnan Province, Central Iran

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Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs from Garmsar, Semnan Province, Central Iran Iranian J Parasitol: Vol. 5, No.4, 2010, pp. 37-41 Archive of SID Iranian J Parasitol Tehran University of Medical Open access Journal at Sciences Publication http:// ijpa.tums.ac.ir Iranian Society of Parasitology http:// tums.ac.ir http:// isp.tums.ac.ir Original Article Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs from Garmsar, Semnan Province, Central Iran *A Eslami1, Sh Ranjbar-Bahadori2, B Meshgi3, M Dehghan2, S Bokaie4 1Department of Parasitology, School of Specialized Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Researches and Sciences Unit, Islamic Azad University, Hessarak, Tehran, Iran 2 Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Garmsar, Iran 3Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 4Department of Epidemiology, Tehran Veterinary Faculty, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran (Received 13 Feb 2010; accepted 18 Oct 2010) Abstract Background: The aim was to study the gastro-intestinal helminths of stray dogs of Garmsar, Semnan Province, Central Iran, and its impacts on human health and animal production. Methods: During 2006, the alimentary tracts of 50 stray dogs at necropsy, selected from villages around Garmsar, were removed, and examined for helminth infections. Subsequently helminths were collected from the contents of each part and scraped sample of small intestines of washed materials in a 100-mesh sieve. To identify the species of helminths, the nematodes were cleared in lactophenol and cestodes were stained using carmine acid. Results: Mixed infection was the rule and 40 dogs (80%) harbored more than one species of helminth. Taenia hydatigena was the most prevalent species (80%) followed by Echinococcus granulosus (64%), Toxocara canis (22%), Mesocestoides lineatus (12%), Taenia multiceps (10%) and Dipylidium caninum (4%). The mean intensity of worm infection was low (1-3) ex- cept for that of E. granulosus (645). No significant difference was noticed between sex, age and most helminth infections except for that of sex and T. hydatigena (P=0.001) as well as age and T. canis (P=0.001). Conclusion: Although human infection with T. hydatigena is unlikely, but other helminths re- ported in this study are of zoonotic importance, and may pose a threat to community health, and reduce the productions of ruminants harboring taeniid metacestodes. Keywords: Helminth infections, Stray dog, Iran *Corresponding Author: E-mail: [email protected] www.SID.ir 37 Archive of SID Eslami et al.: Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs … Introduction ogs are associated with more than alimentary canals were removed and the 60 zoonotic diseases among which contents of each part were washed under D parasites in particular helminthi- running water using a 100-mesh sieve. The ases, can pose serious health concern (1) as lining membrane of small intestines was well as significant economic impacts from gently scraped with a scalpels blade and the veterinary standpoint. The number of stray contents were examined under a dissecting dogs that coexist with human being is high microscope. The large worms were col- in most cities and villages of the world, lected from the washed materials and the re- especially in developing countries, because mainder was examined under the dissecting of this bring about great quantity of feces, microscope. Cestodes were stained with car- which constitute a potential risk of infection mine acid and the nematodes were cleared for human beings especially children due to in lactophenol and were identified according their land-grabbing habit. Because the distri- to morphological characteristics described bution and intensity of disease are influ- by Khlail et al. for cestodes (8) and Ander- enced by climatic, geographical, cultural, son for nematodes (9). Statistic analyses us- and economic factors, it is necessary to ana- ing Chi square (χ2) were applied on result- lyze situation in every given region. ing data to evaluate the effects of age and Accordingly, several studies have been car- sex on parasitism. ried out on the gastrointestinal parasites of stray dogs in the world and Iran. Results This study was performed in order to deter- mine the prevalence and intensity of Table 1 shows the prevalence, intensity, and helminth infections among stray dogs from confidence interval of helminths found in 50 villages around Garmsar, and to emphasis stray dogs (39 males and 11 females) from the importance of this concept for public villages around Garmsar. health and veterinary standpoint. In contrast to low intensity (1-3), the preva- lence of helminth infections (10-80%) was Materials and Methods high. A significant relation was found be- tween sex and age and infection with T. During 2006, based on random sampling, 50 multiceps (P=0.001) and T. canis (P = stray dogs (39 males and 11 females) from 0.001) respectively, but not for other villages around Garmsar, in Semnan Prov- helminth infections (P>0.05). ince, were humanely euthanized. Their sex and age were recorded. At necropsy, their www.SID.ir 38 Iranian J Parasitol: Vol. 5, No.4, 2010, pp. 37-41 Archive of SID Table 1: Prevalence, C.I.* , intensity and range of GI helminths in 50 stray dogs from villages in Garmsar ,Iran Parasites Positive C.I Mean ± SD Range n (%) (95%) Taenia hydatigena 40 (80.0) 0.69 - 3 ±0.33 2-4 0.91 T. multceps 5 (10.0) 0.02 - 1 1-1 0.18 Echinococcus 32 (64.0) 0.51- 645 ±1663 120 - granulosus 0.77 3000** Dipylidium caninum 2 (4.00) 0.00 - 1 1-1 0.09 Mesocestoides linea- 6 (12.0) 0.03 – 1.5 ± 0.33 1-3 tus 0.21 Toxocara canis 11 (22.0) 0.11 - 1.5 ± 0.17 1-2 0.33 * C.I == Confidence interval for prevalence ** Two dogs harbored 20 and 10000 E. granulosus, respectively were omitted from statistical analysis. Discussion Overall prevalence rate and variety of spe- other hand, coenurosis produced by cies of gastrointestinal helminths of stray Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of dogs observed in this study, are in line with Taenia multiceps which seems to be re- previously published reports in Iran, in ported from man in Iran (13) is not uncom- which T. hydatigena,as well as its larval mon in small ruminants (14 ). Dipylidium stage: Cysticercus tenuicollis have been re- caninum, a dog cestod reported from man in ported to be the most common Taenia (4,7) Iran (15) and M. lineatus with zoonotic im- of carnivores and metacestde (10) of rumi- portance in other parts of the world, are a nants in Iran. Although human infection fairly common parasites of Iranian stray with T. hydatigena is unlikely, but other hel- dogs (4,7). Several studies have shown that minthes found in this study have medical Toxocara canis is prevalent among stray and veterinary importance. The highest dogs, household dogs and sheep dogs and prevalence rate (64%), mean intensity (645) wild carnivores of Iran (4, 6, 16). Toxocara and the highest total number of E. granulo- and Taenia eggs have been isolated from sus collected from a single stray dog Garm- the soil samples of public places and house- sar (10,000), where 10.5% 0f ruminants (11) hold courtyards examined in Iran (17, 18). and the highest prevalence rate of human Consequently few case reports exist on the hydatidosis have been reported (12) show human visceral larva migrans (VLM) in- that echinococcosis-hydatidosis is very duced by T. canis in Iran (19 ). On the other prevalent in both animals and man in stud- hand, visceral leishmaniasis, cryptosporidio- ied region and special attention should be sis and dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria im- paid to develop a control program. On the mitis (20, 21, 22) which were respectively www.SID.ir 39 Archive of SID Eslami et al.: Helminth Infections of Stray Dogs … reported from 17%, 5% and 7% of stray risk in the city of Naples (southern Italy). dogs in the studied areas, are well recog- BMC Vet Res. 2006; 2:29. nized parasites transmissible to man by dog. 2. Haruok T, Ijun A, Masao K. Helminth of Therefore stray dogs due to their number, stray dogs from Sapporo, Hokkaido, Ja- lack of veterinary attention, roaming freely pan. Japanese J Vet Res. 1973; 21(3):51- around and enter the residential areas in vil- 57. lages and black tents of tribal people, hav- 3. Orhun R, Avaz E. Prevalence of helmin- ing often free access to animals dead in the thes in dogs in the region of Van and their field or to dispersed after illegal butcheries, potential public health significance. Turk- (a phenomenon not uncommon in Iran) and ish Parazitol Derf. 2006; 30(2):103. poor levels of hygiene attention in 4. Eslami A, Mohebali M. Parasitism des communities that are socio-economically chiens de bergers et implication en sante' disadvantaged, exacerbate the risk of dis- publique en Iran Bull Soc Pathol Exot. ease transmission and constitute a potential 1998; 8:64-66. risk of infection for human beings as well as 5. Sharifi AR, Hadi-Zadeh T. The preva- livestock. The quantity of canine feces lence of intestinal helminths in stray dogs deposited on public and private property in in Kerman city. Iranian J Publ Health. cities and villages worldwide is both a 1994; 23(1-4):13-24. permanent nuisance and an important health 6. Sadighian A. Helminth parasites of stray issue (23). dogs and jackals in Shahsavar area, Cas- Our findings showed that stray dogs are un- pian region, Iran. J Helminthol. 1969; der constant exposure to risk factors to 2:372-374. many parasites. Therefore to control stray 7. Mirzayans A, Eslami A, Anwar M, San- dogs population, to avoid contamination of jar M. Gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in environment, water supplies and food with Iran.
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