INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION ITTO
PROJECT DOCUMENT
TITLE SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF TROPICAL FOREST RESOURCES THROUGH STAKEHOLDER AGREEMENTS IN TRADITIONALLY OWNED AREAS OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
SERIAL NUMBER PD 324/04 Rev.3 (F)
COMMITTEE REFORESTATION AND FOREST MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY GOVERNMENT OF P APUA NEW GUINEA
ORIGINAL LANGUAGE ENGLISH
SUMMARY
Strengthened local level governance and investment in sustainable livelihoods is critical to sustainable forest management and the protection of the high value biodiversity throughout Papua New Guinea. Consultations with landowners, Local Level Government (LLG), forestry officials and conservation partners in the Adelbert Range since 1997, have led to the use of a new form of stakeholder agreement between traditional resource owners and the Almami LLG. These agreements, along with the use of pioneering legal tools and participatory conservation planning, monitoring and implementation, are designed to protect and conserve the rich forest biodiversity of the Adelbert Ranges and also facilitate sustainable forest management and compatible economic growth in the area. The development and use of these stakeholder agreements and management tools can provide valuable lessons for strengthening local governance and provide the basis for mainstrearning successful approaches in priority sites across PNG. This project will therefore work with the Almarni clans, with support from the LLG, to successfully implement enforceable stakeholder agreements. It will engage key partners in Madang Province, other NGOs, the private sector. It will consolidate lessons learned, identify policy implications of these lessons and responses to them, and promote opportunities to spread the approach to other high priority areas in PNG, thereby mainstreaming the use of stakeholder agreements.
EXECUTING PNG FOREST AUTHORITY IN COLLABORATION WITH THE AGENCY NATURE CONSERVANCY (TNC)
COOPERATING GOVERNMENTS
DURATION 36 MONTHS
APPROXIMATE TO BE DETERMINED STARTING DATE
BUDGET AND PROPOSED Contribution Local Currency SOURCES OF FINANCE Source in US$ Equivalent
ITTO 452,196 TNC 505,538 Gov'tofPNG 75,000
TOTAL 1,032,734
Table of Contents Page Number
ACRONYMS iv
PART I: CONTEXT 1 1. ORIGIN 2 2. SECTORAL POLICIES 2 3. PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES 3
PART 11:THE PROJECT 4 1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES 4 1. 1 Development Objective 4 1.2 Specific Objective 4 2. JUSTIFICATION 4 2. 1 Problem to be addressed 4 2.2 Intended situation after project completion 7 2.3 Project strategy 7 2.4 Target beneficiaries 10 2.5 Technical and scientific aspects 11 2.6 Economic aspects 13 2. 7 Environmental aspects 14 2.8 Social aspects 15 2.9 Risks 16 3. OUTPUTS 16 3.1 Specific Objective 16 - Output 1.1 16 - Output 1.2 16 4. ACTIVITIES 16 4.1 Output 1.1 16 - Activity 1. 1. 1 16 - Activity 1.1.2 16 - Activity 1.1.3 16 - Activity 1. 1 .4 16 - Activity 1.1.5 16 - Activity 1.1.6 16
4.2 Output 1.2 17 - Activity 1.2.1 17 - Activity 1.2.2 17 - Activity 1.2.3 17 - Activity 1.2.4 17 - Activity 1.2.5 17 - Activity 1.2.6 17
5. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK WORKSHEETS 18 6. WORKPLAN 22 7. BUDGET 23 7.1 Overall Project Budget by Activity (not including GoPNG) 23 7.2 Yearly project budgets by source -ITTO 25 Yearly project budget by source -TNC 26 7.3 Consolidated Yearly Project Budget 27
ii PART 11/: OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 30 1. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE 30 2. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION 30 3. FUTURE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 30
PART IV: THE TROPICAL TIMBER FRAMEWORK 32 1. Compliance with ITTA, 1994 Objectives 32 2. Compliance with ITTO Yokohama Action Plan 32
Annex A. Executing Agency Profile 34 Annex B. PNG ITTO Committee Comments 35 Annex C. Terms of Reference 36 Annex D. Summary of Studies on the Biodiversity Value of the Project Site 42 Annex E. Project Viability Analysis 45 Annex F. Recommendations of the 30th Expert Panel and respective modifications 47
iii ACRONYMS
ALLG Almami Local Level Government CNA Conservation Needs Assessment CDF Community Development Facilitators DEC Department of Environment and Conservation EDF European Development Fund FMA Forest Management Agreements FMU Forest Management Unit FPCD Foundation for People in Conservation and Development GEF Global Environment Fund GoPNG Government of Papua New Guinea ITTA International Tropical Timber Agreement ITTO International Tropical Timber Organisation PNGFA PNG Forest Authority NGO Non Government Organisation LDOU Landowner Decision and Organisation Units LLG Local Level Government PNG Papua New Guinea TNC The Nature Conservancy TRP Timber Rights Purchase UNDP United Nations Development Program WMA Wildlife Management Area WWF World Wildlife Fund
iv PART I. CONTEXT
1. ORIGIN
The Adelbert Mountain Range is located in Madang Province on the northern coast of Papua New Guinea (PNG). It spans an area of approximately 400,000 hectares and ranges in altitude from sea level along the coast to 1600 meters above sea level. It is located lietween 145 degrees 0 minutes East and 145 degrees 30 minutes East and between 4 degrees 25 minutes South and 4 degrees 42 minutes South. Elevation ranges from 150 m above sea level along the Guam River Basin to 1,400 m above sea level along the ridges of the Adelbert Mountains. The site comprises the Western end of the Adelbert Mountains and is dominated by the Guam and Kumul River watersheds. The Guam River runs in a Westerly direction to the Ramu River and the Kumul runs East toward the Bismarck Sea. The site is bound on the Northern side by the coastal lowlands (See Maps 1 and 2 below). The site comprises the entire area of the Almami Local Level Government (ALLG) within the Bogia District, in the Province of Madang .
.Map 1: Location of the Project Site in PNG.
Map 2: Details of the project site location for Phase I (labelled as "Almami LLG Conservation Area" within the .1
D N Logging Concessions _ Forest Management Area I2EILocal Forest Area _ nmber Rights Purchase _ proposed Forest Development
Map courtesy of WWF Major PNG vegetation zones are represented in the area, including six different forest types: flooded plain, strand, lowland rainforest, grassland, hill, and montane. This area has been long recognized as
1 Note that the pale orange logging concession denoted as a Forest Management Agreement in Map 2 is the Josephstaal Forest Management Unit (FMU). 1 an extremely important storehouse of biodiversity. It is one of the most biologically rich parts of the country's forests, especially in the mid-altitude habitats. The Papua New Guinea Conservation Needs Assessment (CNA) conducted in 1993 identified the area as a threatened lower montane forest region that is home to the Fire-Maned Bowerbird, PNG's rarest bird species with the narrowest geographic range known for mainland PNG. Several timber concessions surround the Adelbert Range. These include, three Timber Rights Purchases (TRPs) - Kumil (operated by Bismarck Timber Industries), Gogol (operated by Jant) and Sogeram (operated by Madang Timbers) - and one unallocated Forest Management Agreement (FMA) - Middle Ramu.
The Nature Conservancy (see Annex A) has been working with local government and communities from this area since 1997 to find ways to protect the biodiversity of the area. During this time local communities have clearly identified the need to improve their livelihoods and find ways to achieve a higher standard of living while sustainably managing their natural resources.
Based on consultations with landowners, Local Level Government (LLG), forestry officials and conservation partners since 1997, traditional resource owners and the Almami LLG have agreed to establish conservation agreements, use pioneering legal tools and participatory conservation planning, monitoring and implementation to protect and conserve the rich biodiversity of the Adelbert Ranges and also facilitate sustainable forest management and compatible economic growth in the area.
The challenges faced by communities in the Adelbert Range are typical of those in many communities throughout PNG. This project will build on an increased awareness within local communities, the establishment of a legal framework, and the confidence of local government and communities to create a conservation and development model that can be applied widely throughout the country. TNC was encouraged to prepare an initial concept proposal by PNG's ITTO Committee. This was considered by the Committee and supported with specific amendments that have been taken into account in this submission. The concept proposal and comments are attached (Annex B) ,along with the cover letter of endorsement and submission from the PNG Forest Authority.
2. SECTORAL POLICIES
The fourth goal of the constitution of Papua New Guinea states that:
PNG's natural resources and environment [will] to be conserved and used for the collective benefit of us all, and be replenished for the benefit of future generations.
The principle elements of the legal and policy framework at the national level in PNG that give effect to this goal and are relevant to this project include the following:
• National Forest Policy (1991); • Fauna Protection and Control Act; • Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments; and, • Relevant sections of the Local-level Governments Administration Act of 1997.
The PNG government's National Food Security Policy and evolving Eco-Forestry Policy provide important guidance concerning the management of forest resources for biodiversity and agricultural benefits.
This national framework recognises the need for environmental protection and the conservation of biological diversity in balance with forest management to secure a range of timber and non-timber benefits for both local communities and the Government of PNG. While it provides support for the establishment of sustainable forest management practices and recognises the need for sustainable development of the forest industry at the provincial level, there has been little progress to develop mechanisms for this to occur. This is largely due to the fact that the legislation only applies to State owned land -less than 5% of all the land in PNG.
2 The need for a legislative framework that supports the conservation and sustainable management of forest resources on land under customary ownership, which makes up the remaining 95% of land in PNG, has led to promulgation of a new conservation law with technical support from TNC. The Almami Local Level Government (ALLG), located in the Bogia District, Madang Province, has recently enacted the Almami LLG Environment and Conservation Law, a first of its kind in PNG. This law exercises legislative powers under section 44 of the Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments and the relevant sections of the Local-Level Governments Administration Act of 1997. The law has been recognized by the national government and was formally enacted in Madang in 2003 with a ceremony involving government ministers. It creates a mechanism that allows clans to gazette some or all of their land as protected area and then to develop their own integrated management plans, which govern the use of these protected areas. Ownership and responsibility for management of the land remains with the traditional resource owners. The conservation law links with existing local government development planning structures, thereby creating a connection between conservation and the institutional framework for delivery of social service benefits and local land use planning. Broad consultations during the law's development included resource owners, the ALLG, Bogia District, Provincial and National Government and NGOs.
Under the law, landowning clans are responsible for nominating their land for conservation and developing management plans. Clans retain ownership of their land and the process does not involve or encourage either land registration or clan incorporation, which many clans fear, as these can be a precursor to losing control of their land.
The law is only a tool or framework for encouraging local resource owner conservation action. To be effective, this tool needs to be developed as an integral part of a sound community engagement program; one that builds understanding of the importance of conservation and its link with sustainable development and that strengthens government capacity at local, district and provincial levels to provide the essential technical support and services.
This new law complements the existing Wildlife Management Area (WMA) process. WMA's are established under the Fauna Protection and Control Act and are used for the protection of a specific species or group of species, although presently, they are commonly used as a general conservation tool. Unlike WMAs this local government conservation law provides a basis for a broad range of conservation activities rather than the formal and often time consuming gazettal process required for WMAs. It also provides another legal tool for conservation area establishment and is enacted at a different level of government, much closer to the resource base and those people most affected. The most significant difference is that it ensures that local clans have responsibility and authority for managing their lands.
3. PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
The Nature Conservancy has a series of ongoing and planned activities to assist the ALLG in conservation planning, development and implementation of the new local-level law. These include the following:
• A Conservation and Sustainable Development Workshop, held in January 2001. • A workshop on the Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments, Almami Environment and Conservation Law and ALLG roles and responsibilities held in 2003. • ALLG self-assessment of organizational needs and development of priority action plan held in 2005. • Establishment of an Environment Advisory Committee. • Work with Ward Councilors and Ward Development Committees to integrate conservation area planning with community development planning and to improve the quality of the Ward and ALLG land use plans. • Collaboration with the Bogia District (the next higher level of government) support officers to strengthen their ability to provide appropriate technical support to the ALLG and communities.
3 The Bismarck Ramu Integrated Conservation and Development Project, supported initially by the GEF, operates in a different part of Madang Province and has given local officials and landowners the opportunity to see thoughtful conservation activities in action. The community development process designed and piloted in this area is a model for building capacity of community development workers who, in turn, guide communities to assess their needs and develop an appropriate action plan that emphasizes self-reliance.
PART 11:THE PROJECT
1. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
1. 1 Development Objective
Local forest owners in the Adelbert Range conserve and sustainably manage their forests to meet livelihood needs of current and future generations.
1.2 Specific Objective
Local forest owners in the Adelbert Ranges are effectively using conservation agreements and management plans to conserve and sustainably manage their forests and meet their livelihood needs.
2. JUSTIFICATION
2. 1 Problem to be addressed
Almost 90% of Papua New Guineans live in rural areas and rely directly on the natural resource base, in particular forest resources, for their livelihoods. As the owners of forest resources, their well being and the decisions they take concerning resource development are inextricably linked to the conservation of biological diversity and to the sustainability of that resource. These communities are therefore critical to any process that aims to address the management and sustainable use of forest resources and overall development within PNG.
The Adelbert Mountain Range, is one of the most biologically rich parts of PNG's forests. However, it is now facing a range of threats. Table 1 shows an assessment of the major threats to forest integrity and their root causes, based on seven years of work by TNC and community stakeholders in the project area.
As shown in Table 1, a combination of commercial timber exploitation and land clearing for agriculture are expected to gradually reduce forest cover and biodiversity. Increasing population will require more land to be cultivated for food production and cash income. This will be aggravated by invasive exotic species that reduce the cycling of nutrients in land previously cultivated, lengthening fallow periods. In addition to direct adverse impacts on the mountain forest ecosystem, this will lead to erosion of steeper slopes as more and more marginal land is brought into production, degrading water quality and soil fertility. More people could be expected to migrate to Madang and other urban areas, adding to the large number of impoverished squatters already ringing these cities, putting added pressure on their environments and adding to social problems.
4 Table 1: Future Challenges to Forest Integrity
Major threat Description Unsustainable Commercial logging based on current poor practices is expected to have a Commercial significant impact on gallery forests of the Guam River Valley. This would Timber have a serious long-term impact on biodiversity in the area and undermine Harvesting the potential for the development of sustainable livelihoods within the communities of the Adelbert Range. Forest clearance This includes clearance for both subsistence gardening and coffee for agriculture production, and results in loss and degradation of habitat. Typical system is 1-2 years use followed by 15 years fallow, resulting in an expansion of the area under agriculture as the local population grows. Fire Fire is widely used for forest clearing, and often impacts much larger areas than planned gardens and coffee plantations Over-hunting This threatens several heavily hunted species, such as the Northern Cassowary and tree kangaroos. Timber Several timber concessions surround the Adelbert Range. concessions in buffer zones
To address these challenges that are typical of many rural and forested areas of PNG, recent analyses and interviews with government officials and community stakeholders have identified the following root causes as illustrated below;
Figure 1. Problem Tree
Effects
Key problem
Root causes
To address these root causes in a systematic and sustainable way, significant attention must be focused on strengthening and informing the decision-making of local communities with regard to the 5 use of their forest and land resources and building a supportive relationship and capacity for land use planning assistance with local government. These needs are central to the governance and management of natural resources throughout PNG. National development imperatives and the pressure of global markets on resource use are steadily challenging this relationship2. An effective response to this situation requires an investment in more than the traditional approach to community based forestry that has in the past included problems such as limited local institutional capacity, a lack of effective local leadership, profits being captured by local elites, and inconsistent laws and 3 regulations . In addition to specific measures and partnerships to help clans meet their basic needs, a robust legal framework and compatible economic opportunities will be required. Figure 1 above presents a Problem Tree that illustrates this root cause analysis and is elaborated on below.
2.1.1 Poor formal institutional leadership. The Government of PNG's institutional systems have suffered from a lack of clarity leading to a diffusion of responsibility, poor environmental policy decisions and weak law enforcement. This leads to inadequate regulation of development activities and increased illegal activities resulting in environmental degradation, unsustainable development and loss of biodiversity.
2.1.2 Limited capacity in core skills. Current government decentralization plans delegate significant authority for natural resources management decisions to provincial and district governments. However, the capacity of these levels of government to deal with the policy and technical aspects of such management is weak. In addition, there are no clear processes to ensure that communities can participate in the decision-making process, and have ready access to the information they need to make informed decisions about their own lands and resources. Communities do not have all the necessary knowledge and skills to meet modern land use challenges; and their leadership often lacks a common vision about the future of their forests and how to work together to achieve it.
2.1.3 Inadequate land use plans. There are few detailed land use plans at the clan, community and the district level. Those that exist do not reflect ecological considerations, including the maintenance of essential ecosystem functions, and stakeholder input has not been obtained. This has led to increased pollution and inappropriate land conversion, loss of ecosystem services, and increased conflict over access to resources. Adequate plans should identify areas suitable for intensive gardens, sustainable agroforestry, limited timber harvesting, harvesting of non-timber products and wildlife, and areas of total protection due to high biodiversity values. In all cases there is need to ensure ecosystem functions are maintained.
2.1.4 Provision of basic services. The Government of PNG is struggling to provide basic development services - education, health care, and infrastructure - to rural areas such as the Adelbert Range. This leads landowning communities to seek other sources of these services, such as from logging companies, which often promise to provide health centers and schools. Improvements in service delivery using existing resources should be possible with more efficient administration and distribution of public funds.
2.1.5 Lack of economic alternatives to forest clearing. There is a strong desire among local people to participate in the cash economy but they are constrained by poor access to education, capital and markets and are few economic opportunities in the Adelbert Range. The lack of options leads to increasing pressures being placed on the land through conversion for agriculture, over harvesting of wild animals and plants, and unsustainable timber production. Development of alternatives such as more intensive agroforestry, small-scale timber management, village ecotourism, and other village micro enterprises related to agricultural and forest products (such as organic, shade grown coffee and traditional medicines for which there is a growing market and improving market linkages) will be an essential element of any action to reduce these threats.
2 UNEP (2004) Sustainable development priorities in the South Pacific Region. UNEP-ROAP. Bangkok. 3 Angelsen, A. and S. Wunder. 2003. Exploring the Forest-Poverty Link: Key Concepts, Issues and Research Implications. CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 40. Page 29. 6 2.2 Intended situation after project completion
This project has been designed to address the underlying root causes of biodiversity loss and unsustainable forest management, as well as reduce direct major threats, at the local level. It will be implemented over a three year period and will produce the following specific outcomes:
• Six Conservation Agreements signed between Almami customary landowners and the Almami Local Level Government. • 200,000 hectares of forest in the Adelbert Range will be conserved and managed sustainably by local landowners with the support of local government. • Almami LLG Environment and Conservation Advisory Committee established, trained and actively involved in assisting landowners to establish conservation areas, resolve boundary disputes and facilitate development of land use and conservation area management plans. • An adaptive, participatory approach to managing natural resources, forests and protected areas will be adopted at the landowner level and encouraged by district and provincial governments in Madang. • Local authorities in Almami and Madang will be better able to assess the impacts of land-use decisions on forest resources and biodiversity and be able to promote cooperation of governmental agencies, NGOs and land owners. • Local communities at four sites will be engaged in sustainable economic alternatives including community forestry, eco-tourism, and sound agricultural practices. • There will be effective monitoring and evaluation of biological impacts, improvements in forest management and local governance with lessons shared widely by stakeholders in PNG and through ITTO networks. • A learning approach to the implementation of stakeholder agreements in the Adelbert Range will be in place and supported by local clans, Government and other partners. • Lessons and tools developed from the project will be shared with policy-makers, partners, other interested communities and international donors to enable similar work to be implemented elsewhere in PNG on a larger scale and at lower cost. • A national map of opportunities and priorities for the use of stakeholder agreements and similar community-based conservation and resource management will be available.
2.3 Project strategy
The principle components of the project strategy are outlined in Figure 2. As described below, the project strategy is expressed in two components - a site based strategy to demonstrate results and a mainstreaming strategy to apply successful strategies at other priority site in PNG. The site-based strategy in the Adelbert Range (see Maps 1 & 2) will involve specific community engagement techniques, the implementation of the Almami Local Level Government Environment and Conservation Law, the development and introduction of effective conservation area management and land use planning tools, the identification of incentives and compatible business opportunities and the development of sound partnerships and the strengthening of key institutions to address project sustainability. To ensure the approach developed is the most appropriate for PNG and can be replicated elsewhere in priority sights the project's mainstreaming strategy will engage the different levels of Government and key NGOs in all relevant aspects of implementation.
7 2.3.1 SITE BASED STRA TEGY - Adelbert Mountain Range
The site based strategy outline the strategies that will be implemented with the land owning Almami clans, Almami local communities and the Almami Local Level Government. The key elements of the site-based strategies are described below and will be implemented jointly with the Almami LLG, Bogia District and Madang Provincial Government.
2.3.1.1 Community engagement Communities in the Almami LLG area will be engaged using a systematic community engagement process that will gather basic information on community history, engage the community in community resource mapping, community visioning, conservation targets and threats and identify the Land Owning Clans. This will build on the community consultation process that has been steadily strengthened by TNC in the area since 1997 and is a mechanism for conservation awareness, keeping landowners informed about the program, encouraging participation, and involving all members of communities in decision-making. We will initially work with 18 communities in Almami area.
2.3.1.2 Implementing the Almami LLG Environment & Conservation Law The enactment of the Almami Local Level Government Environment and Conservation Law in 2003 provides the opportunity to establish conservation agreements and associated conservation area management plans with interested clans as required by the law. The project will initially target 6 conservation agreements to be signed between the 6 land owning clans and the Almami LLG. The signing of the conservation agreements will be followed by the development and implementation of land use plans and conservation area management plans by land owning plans. The legislation is designed to strengthen local level governance, build the partnership between land holders and the LLG as well as protect the communities from interference affecting clan lands by outsiders. This will require dialogue and planning within and among neighboring clans using their traditional methods of deliberation. Facilitators and scientists will provide technical input to this process, using conservation science to complement the clans' traditional understanding of the conservation values and significance of their landscapes. There is a high level of demand for this effort from the clans. There have also been indications of interest from other parts of Madang Province, suggesting that there is strong potential for this approach to be used more widely.
2.3.1.3 Conservation Area Management and land use planning Clans that sign Conservation Agreements as described in 2.3.1.2 above will develop Clan-level management and land use plans using participatory techniques that identify areas appropriate for sustainable forest management, agriculture, hunting, cash crop and other enterprise development, and biodiversity conservation. These plans will form the basis of conservation contracts with specific clans, and for conservation and land-use management strategies and community-based monitoring systems. These plans, and a commitment to management and enforcement, will be strengthened by also working with local level government, district administrations, and the provincial government planning division and the information gathered from the community development/land use mapping patrols and scientific surveys.
2.3.1.4 Incentives and compatible development options A key factor in landowning groups being able to protect and sustainably manage areas rich in biodiversity for conservation is help in improving the productivity of subsistence agriculture and in developing or enhancing sources of cash income, including the sustainable harvesting of timber, that are compatible with conservation and sustainable use of their natural resources. The land use planning efforts outlined above in section 2.3.1.3 will provide the basis for "zoning" areas for various kinds of income-generating activities.
Sustained funding will be essential to helping local communities continue planning, monitoring, and enforcing their conservation agreements. The development of sustainable conservation finance mechanisms will follow a financial and business planning approach. Working with stakeholders and partners, particularly the PNG Ministries of Inter-Government Relations and Environment and Conservation, a program for technical and financial support to sustain the conservation agreements will be designed. One potential source of support is the Mama Graun Conservation Trust Fund, 8 which TNC recently helped establish in PNG. The Trust Fund is working toward its goal of raising $30 million in capital, and will begin providing grants to support local conservation efforts once it is fully operational. So far $15 million has been committed to the Trust Fund by the Global Environment facility and the Australian Government.
2.3.1.5 Partnerships and institutional strengthening The Nature Conservancy has a seven-year history in Madang Province and a strong existing network of relationships with the local government, local and international NGOs, and other groups in the province and throughout the country. As TNC expands to new sites, it will focus on strengthening our network of partners and building new partnerships with additional landowner clans and Local Level Governments.
The Nature Conservancy will work to strengthen its already well-developed and active partnership with the Almami Local Level Government through a joint visioning and objectives setting process. This will include signing a Memorandum of Understanding with the government to guide partnership, formalize a system for information sharing, and establish agreement on other aspects of the project. Partnerships will also be formalized with service provider groups in Madang, including the Lutheran Church and World Vision, to provide development services such as health and education as part of the conservation agreements.
2.3.2 MAINSTREAMING STRA TEGIES- at Provincial and National scales
The effective mainstreaming of the project benefits will be implemented with a range of NGO and Government partners. These strategies will be implemented at the provincial and national levels to ensure that the results from Almami have far wider impacts. These are described below.
2.3.2.1 Exchange of lessons The engagement of local partners and Government in an exchange of experiences and lessons-learnt is proposed early in the project to strengthen both the site based work and the ownership of the project outcomes - the processes, tools and partnerships - that will be essential to designing mainstreaming of the project to other priority sites in PNG.
2.3.2.2 Provincial and national policy analysis and response The Government will review national and provincial policy and legislation with the assistance of consultants to determine measures required to support the approach being developed in the Adelbert Range. This could include policy reform to support clan forest-owners and to provide incentives for local governments to support clan forest management. In terms of the legislative framework, the Madang provincial government will work with NGOs and others to develop a model land use plan for the Adelbert area that incorporates conservation and environmental principles, as well as policies for its implementation. The project would also help the provincial government develop the capacity to spread this process to other parts of Madang province. The plan would provide a vehicle for formal government recognition of conservation areas as a legitimate land use. It would also provide the catalyst for establishing partnerships among government agencies and private organizations working in the project area to provide development services through the vehicle of the conservation contracts.
2.3.2.3 Collaborative development of planning tools with partners The development of planning methods and tools for the effective management of conservation areas will be strengthened and made more widely applicable through the engagement of partners, both government and non-government. A collaborative and learning approach will build a suite of methods and tools that has the confidence and commitment of partners at the provincial and national levels. This is essential to ensure the application of the lessons learned to other sites and to the effective mainstreaming design component of the project.
2.3.2.4 Private sector engagement and micro-economic policy support The development of an incentive system to encourage other forest owners and local governments to manage conservation areas, both in the Adelbert Range and other areas of PNG will require the experience of the private sector and the support of relevant government ministries. A review of 9 compatible small business opportunities including enterprise incentives at Provincial and National levels will be an essential first step. An exchange of experience between communities engaged in successful compatible development will be fostered through a Small Business Forum and through facilitated community visits. Commercial partners will be identified and engaged and a micro-credit scheme will be developed and seed financing made available. Through such partnerships and private sector engagement, long-term financing mechanisms essential to the sustainability of the project outcomes will be identified and established. Working with the Ministry of Inter-Government Relations, Department of Environment and Conservation and the ALLG, sustainable financing strategies and supportive micro-economic policy at local and provincial levels will be developed.
2.3.2.5 Mainstreaming design and mapping of priorities The mainstreaming component of the project will utilise the strong collaborative relationship developed with partners. The design of the mainstreaming campaign will involve all key stakeholders. This will include the development of a national map of opportunities and priorities for the use of stakeholder agreements and similar community-based conservation and resource management. Support will be developed for and through community and government champions and an outreach campaign design to spread the approach.
Figure 2: Project strategy flow chart
Adelbert M ou ntains Provincial & National scale
C 0 m m unity e n gag em en t Identify key com ponents - for success with partners l + IIm plem enting the Aim am i LLG Provincial & National Environm ent & Conservation Law ~ policy analysis and (Conservation Agreements) response + + Con s e rv a tio n a re a Colla b 0 ra tiv e to 0 I m anagem ent and land ----. developm ent with .. use planning - p a rtn e rs I- t + Incentives and Private sector com patible developm ent engagem ent & micro o ptio n s econom ic policy support ! 1 Partnership developm ent Mainstream ing design & & institutional m apping of priorities .. stre ngth e n in 9
2.4 Target beneficiaries
The main groups affected by this project and those most likely to be the primary beneficiaries are:
• Local forest owners and rural poor. • Almami Local Level Government and other LLG administrations as a result of the mainstreaming of project benefits. 10 • PNG National Government, specifically the PNG Forest Authority and Department of Environment and Conservation.
Other beneficiaries will include: forestry practitioners within the PNG Forest Authority and the private sector, PNG governmental and non-governmental institutions involved in the project and the global community by contributing to a reduction in forest loss and to the sustainable utilization of forest resources throughout PNG. These groups have been consulted over the last 7 years and this proposal has been developed in direct response to the feedback from stakeholders.
The benefits will include improved management of forest resources by local people, a reduction in ecological impacts resulting from current practices (e.g. damage to watersheds, increased fire risk, sedimentation and harm to inshore fisheries and reef resources); improved livelihoods through sustainable use of forest resources. There will also be efforts to identify appropriate agroforestry products and restore degraded forest areas.
Partnerships with other NGOs will likely lead to improved social services, such as health, education. Traditional authorities, such as clan leaders, will be strengthened through their involvement and responsibilities in developing, implementing and enforcing clan management agreements. Activities and monitoring will be in place to address issues of equitable distribution of benefits among clan members. Benefits to local government will include improving their ability to meet sustainable development obligations under existing legislation, as well as improved financial and management accountability.
2.5 Technical and scientific aspects
The ultimate goal is maintaining or improving aspects of the biota of a site, be it the biodiversity levels, the numbers of notable or endangered species, or the size of unique habitats and/or ecosystems encompassed by the site. The project will seek the protection of valuable ecosystems at the landscape level by identifying and targeting sites for conservation. The selection will be based on the presence of specific habitats and/or species with high conservation value (e.g., local endemics, island endemics, migratory species, special-concern species, etc.). The Adelbert Mountains represent one example of such a site, harboring a high variety of habitats: from grasslands and lowlands to mid montane forests; from large rivers to estuaries and montane creeks. These habitats are home to unique elements of the fauna and flora of Papua New Guinea, including elements strictly endemic to this mountain range.
2.5.1 Community engagement
The community engagement process is based on well-established participatory methods facilitated by a team that includes a coordinator and conservation and community development facilitators (CDFs). The process involves regular field patrols to communities in the project area, following a flexible step by-step process to engage communities in participatory activities that focus on conservation awareness and self-reliance and lead to the development of community conservation and sustainable development plans. The Nature Conservancy's Conservation Area Planning Technique will be adapted for use with communities as a participatory process, through which threats to their environment are identified and the process of developing and implementing strategies to mitigate these threats are clearly identified.
Three teams of experienced local facilitators will work in the communities, bringing an ever-larger number of clans into the process and helping them navigate the steps involved in arriving at a consensus on areas to be protected and how to effectively manage them to achieve conservation and resource management objectives. One critical step in the process involves land-owning clans agreeing with neighbouring clans on the boundaries of their proposed protected areas before these areas can be mapped. Meetings and agreements regarding boundary definition will be documented and verified to assure ease of the area's management and enforcement.
11 As a foundation for the mainstreaming output of the project, government and non-government partners will be involved in this process. A workshop to identify the key components of successful community entry and engagement and share these lessons will be held with national and provincial partners. The results will be applied to the development of both the site-based activities and the design of the mainstreaming campaign.
2.5.2 Conservation law
The use of a new conservation law was stimulated by an analysis of several legal opinions. This law exercises legislative powers under section 44 of the Organic Law on Provincial Governments and Local-level Governments and the relevant sections of the Local-level Governments Administration Act 1997. The law has been recognized and endorsed by the national government and was formally enacted in Madang in 2003 with a ceremony involving government ministers. The legislation is designed to protect against interference in decisions affecting clan lands by outsiders. Upon signing the conservation agreements, clans agree to put their lands under conservation management for a deSignated number of years. The agreement can be renewed at the end of the term but the legislation does not have provisions for early withdrawal although management plans will be reviewed periodically and can be modified based on the results of monitoring. Any other changes in the management strategies of the new protected areas will require a lengthy process of inter-clan deliberation, providing effective resilience to short-term temptations, decision-making by individual members of the community, and external threats. Management regulations under this law are enforceable through the village court system or for major infractions, through the National Court (both of which function quite effectively in PNG).
Additionally, the law establishes a representative Conservation Area Advisory Committee for oversight and advice to resource owners and the LLG with developing management plans and enforcement of regulations. The Nature Conservancy will provide technical support for the establishment and training of this advisory committee. An analysis of the law, its implications and the requirements for a supportive policy framework at provincial and national levels will be undertaken.
2.5.3 Conservation area management and land use planning
This component of the project draws on IUCN's experience with co-development for forest conservation and with such experience, conservation area management and land use planning will take place at two levels. First, community development and land use mapping patrols will work with clans within the project area, while land use mapping activities will engage communities in articulating traditional knowledge about the area's resources and in thinking about current land uses, future needs, and areas that are appropriate to set aside to achieve specific conservation outcomes. Complementing these efforts, scientific surveys will identify critical ecosystems and species that should be protected, and these areas will be incorporated into the discussions with landowning communities. The ITTO criteria and indicators for sustainable management of natural tropical forests will be included in this component as a tool for assessing changes and trends in forest conditions and management systems.
The project will also work with local level government, district administrations, and the provincial government planning division to develop land use plans, based on the information gathered from the community development / land use mapping patrols and scientific surveys. The Madang provincial government will work with NGOs and others to develop a model land use plan for the Adelberts area that incorporates conservation and environmental principles, as well as policies for its implementation. The project will also help the provincial government develop the capacity to spread this process in other parts of Madang province. The plan will provide a vehicle for formal government recognition of conservation as a legitimate land use and should also be a catalyst for establishing partnerships among government agencies and private organizations working in the project area to provide development services through the vehicle of the conservation contracts.
12 2.5.4 Compatible Business Development
The need for incentives that promote sustainable forest management, conservation and compatible business development is well recognized by TNC and its partners. For example, in the more sensitive . areas set aside for conservation, the focus may be on eco-tourism development and the Adelbert Mountains being located close to Madang, one of PNG's top tourist destinations, locality of the project will create an opportunity to capitalize on the existing and future tourism demand focused on PNG's natural and cultural resources - if tourism infrastructure can be appropriately structured.
Existing gardens and buffer areas around conservation areas may be appropriate for small-scale· production of agricultural cash crops or sustainable use of forest products, particularly in previously cleared or disturbed areas. The project will work with government agencies and NGOs to develop a sustainable agricultural intensification program that will generate cash and sufficient food for landowners while reducing slash-and-burn practices. The objective of these efforts will be to channel agricultural activities to areas of lesser biodiversity importance or to lands already degraded, and to intensify production or increase benefits in order to reduce the need for clearing additional forest land or steep slopes for subsistence or cash income.
To ensure compatible businesses are developed and become sustainable, landowners need to have access to sustainable conservation finance mechanisms and to establish such institution a financial 4 and business planning approach will be adopted • This includes the following:
• Analysis of historical expenses. • Activity based projected expenses (both recurrenUoperational and capital/investment) • Historical funding sources and projected funding sources. • Revenue generation planning. • Outreach and marketing with communities, tourism industries and agri-business
2.5.5 Partnership development and institutional strengthening
This will focus initially on the use of an established institutional self-assessment model with key government and non-government service providers such as the Almami LLG, World Vision, and the Lutheran and Catholic Churches in the Adelbert Ranges. The model is designed to achieve the following:
~ Better identify organizational priorities as well as institutional shortcomings. ~ Improve organizational effectiveness in achieving its mission. ~ Revisit and review the effectiveness of the organization's strategic plan. ~ Demonstrate a higher degree of professionalism to donors and external allies. ~ Improve documentation and monitor institutional progress according to benchmarks. ~ Highlight areas for organizational learning and improvement. ~ Increased ability to undertake strategic alliances. ~ More proactive attitude among staff and volunteers.
The assessment will be conducted using a variety of different approaches, which might include individual interviews, work in small groups, or an organizational wide workshop. The overall focus is promotion of an organization wide discussion on the current development stages as well as future direction. Once completed, appropriate resources can be mobilised to build the core skills of partners and institutions, essential to the success and sustainability of the project.
2.6 Economic aspects
The provincial capital of Madang is an important center for the fledgling tourism and scuba diving industry, with more hotel beds than any town in PNG outside of Port Moresby. The provinCial
4 Based on the recommendations of the Conservation Finance Alliance. For further detail please refer to www.conservationfinance.guide l3 government is keenly aware of the opportunities to build tourism and has been supportive of efforts to diversify the local economy.
The Madang Provincial government supported TNC's efforts to develop a sustainable forest management alternative for the Josephstaal FMA, which is adjacent to and forms a portion of the Adelbert target area. Although these efforts ultimately were not successful because of the Asian financial collapse, insufficient timber stock and institutional changes to maintain the business, they afforded substantial opportunities to engage in conservation education and consultation with communities and landowners. During this time there has been an increased interest and understanding of conservation and sustainable resource use concepts. This base of understanding provides a timely opportunity to introduce new concepts for conservation.
In the process of attempting to develop a model of sustainable forest management in the Josephstaal FMA, important insights into the needs and interests of landowning communities were gained, based on extensive consultations within the area. The most important is that the primary motivation for most landowning communities to enter into logging agreements or other resource extraction projects is to obtain development services such as access to markets, education, and health care. Since the government has been unable to provide sufficient of these basic services, landowners seek to obtain them from logging companies instead. However, in practice, there is little or no discussion of options available for landowners to pursue. The "development options study" required as part of the existing FMA process typically does not include an objective assessment of a range of potential uses to determine the most appropriate management strategies for the forest resource or the land in general.
The direct economic benefits of the project will be derived by the local landowners in the Adelbert Range and ultimately the landowners in other priority sites in PNG. The Government will benefit from the more efficient delivery of services, reduced poverty and the maintenance of social cohesion.
2. 7 Environmental aspects
The project is designed to mitigate the environmental impacts of unsustainable forest management in the Adelbert Range and ultimately other sites around PNG. Environmental impacts will be identified throughout the phases of project implementation and dealt with through land use and conservation area management plans. The biodiversity, ecological and conservation values for the Phase 1 site in the Adelbert Range are outlined below.
2.7. 1 Biodiversity Value The information in this section is based on studies commissioned by TNC in 1998 of species (birds, mammals, butterflies and herptofauna) found or likely to be found in the area of the Adelbert Range (Crome et al.,1999, and Leary, 1999), and botanical surveys sponsored by TNC in 1998 and 1999 (Takeuchi, 2000).5 The importance of primary forests to the survival of species adapted to living in such forests and to the protection of streams flowing through the areas have been the most significant factors arising out of studies in the area. Within the primary forest areas, habitat types of particular ecological significance are the following:
• Higher altitude forests: Studies have identified these areas as being particularly important because the primary forest adapted species tend to be from higher altitude areas. These include the bowerbirds.
5Crome, F. (1999). The Avifauna of the Josephstaal FMA and its sensitivity to logging. TNC report. Crome, F., Kitching, R., Leary, T. and Richards, S. (1999). An assessment of biodiversity and its sensitivity to logging in the Josephstaal FMA. TNC report. Leary, T. (1999). Mammals known or expected to occur in the Josephastaal FMA. TNC report. Takeuchi, W. (2000). Results from The Nature Conservancy Botanical Survey of Josephstaal, Papua New Guinea. The lowlands Environment. TNC report.
14 • Swamp forests: This habitat type was identified from the bird study as needing consideration because of the presence of the New Guinea Flightless Rail and the general paucity of understanding of swamp forests. • Gallery forests: Although gallery forests are unlikely to have endemic species in their own right they can play special roles in the landscape. For example: • Flying foxes and other megachiropta roost in gallery forests • Gallery forests can be particularly rich in kingfishers, particularly the paradise kingfishers genus Tanysiptera • Frugivorous birds such as the Aplonis starlings often build large roosts and nest sites in gallery forest. • Gallery forests may be particularly important contributors to biodiversity by acting as refuges in drier times of the day and the year, and by providing fruit and flowers for nomadic frugivores and nectarivores. • Gallery forests have potential to act as movement corridors for forest species, and they have a large influence on water quality in streams.
Caves have also been identified as significant, as they serve as refuges for many mammal (and other) species, and frequently contain specialized invertebrate fauna. Ethnobotanical surveys in the project area have identified many species of importance to local people. These include:
• Plants with food value - 22 species. • Medicinal or psychoactive plants - 14 species. • Plants for construction or implements - 22 species. • Plants for ceremonial, ritual or spiritual purposes - 14 species. • Plants with special value for wildlife - 28 species. • Plants to improve the hunting performance of dogs - 5 species. • Plants with other cultural applications - 21 species.
Taxonomic studies have shown that there is in an unusually high numbers of endemic species found throughout northern New Guinea when compared with the rest of Melanesia. As much of the area has been poorly surveyed it follows that further survey work is likely to identify substantial numbers of previously unknown species. Studies commissioned by TNC in the project area found a considerable number (20) of rare taxa and 4 new species, indicating that the area is home for restricted endemics eliminated from other parts of their range. The importance of this area for speciation processes has been highlighted. Successful conservation of the biological diversity in the Adelbert Ranges will also provide useful lessons for biological diversity conservation and sustainable rural development in other areas of the country that have high biodiversity. The model in development is the first of its kind in the country.
2.8 Social aspects
The approach to be taken in the development and implementation of the project relies heavily on effective community engagement and empowerment and the identification of critical social factors that drive resource use and underpin local level governance. In addition to the identification and use of the most successful community entry and engagement techniques developed in PNG, the project will undertake a baseline social marketing assessment. This assessment will identify readiness to adopt the stakeholder agreements and the incentives that may exist to encourage conservation and sustainable forest management within a range of communities.
The Almami LLG area covers 1,583 square kilometers. It is home to 17,949 people in 3124 households spread across 27 big villages. There are 16 Wards and big villages that will be directly engaged in the activities of Phase I of this project. They have been actively consulted over the past seven years and involved in the development of this project and "stakeholder agreement" approach. This provides a sound social platform for achieving the project outputs and for ensuring the social aspects and impacts of the project are clearly identified and addressed as the project is implemented.
15 2.9 Risks
A complete assessment of the implementation risks is presented in Annex E. The legal, clan institutions and socio-cultural risks are assessed as low, with supporting evidence given in the table. The greatest local risk is the low capacity of ALLG and district government to fulfil their mandate to support the sustainable development planning process. There is general support for the project politically, but there may be inadequate resources, skills and accountabilities. These political and economic risks are acceptable but substantial attention will be paid to these two areas of the project's activities.
At the provincial and national levels there is a risk that stakeholders and Government outside the Adelbert Range will not wish to become directly involved in the consolidation of lessons learned and in the identification of opportunities and priority areas for mainstreaming. Based on the interest expressed in the development of this approach at Provincial and National levels and the direct links identified between this project and the development of a Model FMA this risk is considered low. The project's viability is based upon using existing local institutions and their legal framework and processes for development planning. This legislation has been passed by ALLG and is supported by numerous forest-owning clans. Therefore, all conservation agreements will receive legal backing and acceptance by local, district and provincial levels of government.
3. OUTPUTS 3.1 Specific Objective Local forest owners in the Adelbert Ranges are effectively using conservation agreements and management plans to conserve and sustainably manage their forests and meet their livelihood needs.
- Output 1.1 Six Almami clans are prepared to manage their forest resources in the Adelbert Range according to agreed management plans, incorporating conservation priorities, with support from the Almami local level government.
- Output 1.2 Lessons learned and mainstreaming activities designed to assist local resource owners and partners implement the demonstrated conservation and sustainable forest management approach.
4. ACTIVITIES 4.1 Output 1.1 - Activity 1.1.1 Establish Conservation Agreements in accordance with the Almami Local Level Government Environment and Conservation Law
Activity 1.1.2 Identify and incorporate biodiversity priorities in land use and management plans at LLG, ward and clan levels
- Activity 1.1.3 - Develop and utilise community planning processes in the preparation of management plans
- Activity 1.1.4 Complete sustainable finance strategy and training in economically and ecologically viable enterprises
- Activity 1.1.5 Provide institutional support and training to ensure the effective implementation of the Almami Local Level Government Environment & Conservation Law
- Activity 1.1.6 Establish partnerships with other local groups, including World Vision, Lutheran and Catholic Churches, to improve health and education service delivery to support sustainable livelihoods.
16 4.2 Output 1.2
- Activity 1.2.1 Identify and apply the key components for successful community entry and engagement with provincial and national partners, such as Government agencies, local and international NGOs, in at least three additional sites.
- Activity 1.2.2 Undertake a review, by the PNG Forest Authority, of national provincial policy and legislation to determine measures required to facilitate wide adoption of the approach being developed in the Adelbert Range.
- Activity 1.2.3 Exchange and consolidate lessons and collaboratively develop effective tools with partners for resource-owner based conservation and sustainable forest management working elsewhere in PNG.
- Activity 1.2.4 Identify and establish compatible business opportunities and micro credit scheme.
- Activity 1.2.5. Identify and map priority sites and design a mainstreaming program.
- Activity 1.2.6 Review progress, identify lessons and measures to improve project output delivery throughout each phase and independently evaluate project outputs.
17 5. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK WORKSHEET
PROJECT ELEMENTS INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS Development Objective • Increasing area of forests • Rapid appraisal plants, key Local service providers and widespread Local forest owners in the managed for conservationl animals (every 1-2 years); compatible business opportunities exist to help Adelbert Range conserve and limited use - these forests • Status of indicator species meet basic needs; and that these will provide sustainably manage their show improved health, no or other indicators of sufficient altematives to reduce threats to forest clearing and unsustainable uses forests to meet livelihood decline biodiversity, system health (every 1-2 years); needs of current and future Trends in large-scale Participatory biological Adequate Financial flows can be identified to generations. • • development of land uses monitoring (each year) establish sustainable financing mechanisms to across the Adelbert Range • Remote senSing of forest support spread beyond the Adelbert Range. &PNG cover/land use with ground truthing (yearly) Legal Framework at National and Local Level • Equitable distribution of • Results of focus group Government adequate to support sustainable benefits from sustainable discussions with clan sub- management of forests. management of forests groups
Specific Objective Local forest owners in the • At least 200,000 hectares of • Signed agreements Application of the law and interest can be Adelbert Ranges are key biodiversity value in the approved by government extended beyond current communities, and that effectively using conservation Adelbert Range put into adviSOry committee and there are champions among Almami community and govemment leaders. agreements and management conservation agreements signed between ALLG & and managed sustainably Clans. plans to conserve and by Almami local landowners Key national and provincial government agencies sustainably manage their with support from local are engaged and give their active support and forests and meet their govemment resources. livelihood needs. • At least three additional • LLG legislation and signed LLG Provincial and National Government partners ! priority forest sites in PNG conservation agreements and other stakeholders are motivated to engage, have established similar share experiences and consolidate lessons legislation and conservation learned. agreements Consensus can be achieved about where to work • LLGs with new legislation • LLG land-use maps and next incorporate conservation records of decisions area agreements into own land-use decisions on forest resources and biodiversitv
18 PROJECT ELEMENTS INDICATORS MEANS OF VERIFICATION IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS Output 1 Six Almami clans are • 3-5 conservation • Written conservation Community-based approaches will adequately prepared to manage their agreements and agreements and records of incorporate biodiversity conservation objectives forest resources in the management plans in place District Government Adelbert Range according to Basic needs are being met to reduce unsustainable use of forest resources by clans agreed management plans, • Almami LLG active support • Allocation of Almami LLG through ward development staff and resources incorporating conservation and environmental advisory The benefits of sustainable forest management priorities, with support from the committees, budget flow to all members of Almami communities Almami local level allocations government. Methods employed can be implemented by government agencies in collaboration with non- Qovernment partners Activity 1.1 - Establish • Community meetings decide • Documentation of village Almami LLG has incentives to improve capacity to Conservation Agreements in to establish Conservation meetings establish agreements accordance with the Almami Local Agreement Level Government Environment • Demarcation of boundary • Community letter to Clans can identify the benefits and are willing to and Conservation Law for conservation area, and Advisory Committee commit to agreements agreement of all relevant • Letter documented in clans records of Advisory Boundary demarcation issues can be resolved • Conservation agreement Committee Meeting satisfactorily among clans signed • Written Conservation Agreement
Activity 1.2 - Identify and • Biodiversity and mapping • Documentation of Villagers willing to engage in boundary definition incorporate biodiversity priorities tools used by clan members village/clan decisions in land use and management and accepted by ward and Robust community level tools are acceptable at plans at LLG, ward and clan levels district authorities • Map records held by Ward Ward and District levels • Biodiversity targets and District Authorities identified and maps used in community planning process Activity 1.3 - Develop and utilise • Community planning a part • Documentation of village/clan community planning processes in of village decision-making decisions Planning and management plans are seen as a the preparation of management • Management Plans with significant contribution to sustainable livelihoods plans enforceable provisions • Management Plans recorded completed for each by Ward and District conservation area Authorities • Management plans adopted by Almami LLG committees
19 Activity 1.4 - Complete • Sustainable finance strategy • Assessment report with Opportunities to develop new services and sustainable finance strategy and developed jOintly with viability recommendations products exist training in economically and partners ecologically viable enterprises • Training in economically • Field visits and interviews and ecologically viable enterprises completed • Ward and District records Activity 1.5 - Provide institutional • Institutional self- • Self-assessment scores and Environment Advisory Committee advice is taken support and training to ensure the assessments and priority action plans up in planning process and accepted by District effective implementation of the action plans implemented and Provincial Governments Almami Local Level Government by each government Environment & Conservation Law committee, agency involved • Record of decisions by in new law Almami LLG • Advisory Committee • Management Plans ensures management plans independently reviewed meet agreed standards Activity 1.6 - Establish • Formal agreements in place • Formal service agreements Suitable local partners are available to facilitate partnerships with other local with organisations to cover provision of health and education services and I groups, including World Vision, each of health, education, • Agreed joint workplan support the sustainable livelihoods Lutheran and Catholic Churches, two livelihood strategies to improve health and education • Clan expectations of service • Focus group discussions service delivery to support delivery met sustainable livelihoods.
Output 2 Lessons learned and • Strong partnership • Records of agreements and Partners willing to engage constructively in the mainstreaming activities developed at provincial and meetings between partners mainstreaming of stakehold~r agreements designed to assist local national levels to promote Other communities outside the Adelbert Range are resource owners and partners and implement effective • Legislative records stakeholder agreements interested in conservation and sustainable forest implement the demonstrated Map of priority sites management and are willing to engage in conservation and sustainable • • At least 3 districts with stakeholder agreements forest management approach. similar legislation and developing conservation agreements with clan forest owners
Activity 2.1 - Identify and apply • Partners agree on key • Record of workshop(s) and Partners willing to share success stories and the key components for components of success meetings between partners lessons of community entry and engagement successful community entry and • Success criteria part of the • Mainstreaming design engagement with provincial and mainstreaming campaign There are adequate records and an appropriate national partners, such as design framework for analysis of results and lessons Government agencies, local and
20 international NGOs, in at least three additional sites. I Activity 2.2 - Undertake a review, • Review completed with • Provincial and national Commitment of national and provincial by the PNG PNG Forest Authority, appropriate government reports governments to implement policy measures of national provincial policy and recommendations and • Agreed measures and legislation to determine measures options incentives required to facilitate wide adoption • Support measures and • Champions actively involved of the approach being developed incentives identified in visits, discussions, in the Adelbert Range. • Key "champions" engaged workshops Activity 2.3 • Exchange and • Tools/methods workshops • Records of workshops Partners willing to engage constructively in the consolidate lessons and convened • Tools and methodologies development of tools and methods collaboratively develop effective • Conservation Area published and promoted jOintly tools with partners for resource- Management and Land-use by partners owner based conservation and Planning tools developed • Record of community planning sustainable forest management meetings working elsewhere in PNG. Activity 2.4 - Identify and • Small business • Review of compatible Adequate incentives exist for private sector establish compatible business opportunities assessed for business opportunities and engagement in local business development opportunities and micro-credit viability incentives scheme. • Review of enterprise • Prospectus for micro-credit Provincial and national economic policy includes incentives completed scheme business incentives that are not dominated by • Small Business Forum and • Record of venture capital export-driven criteria community exchange investments program completed • Record of public private • Micro-credit scheme partnerships established and disbursing seed funds Activity 2.5 - Identify and map • Map of priority sites • Map published jointly Agreement can be reached on the selection of priority sites and design a • Agreed mainstreaming • Mainstreaming design priority sites mainstreaming program. campaign • Records and reports of • Partners in at least 3 sites partners identified Activity 2.6 - Review progress, • Evaluated outcomes, • Biennial evaluation of identify lessons and measures to impacts and enabling monitoring indicators, and improve project output delivery conditions for strengths and TNC project audit throughout each phase and weaknesses of approach • Six monthly project reports independently evaluate project outputs
21 6. WORK PLAN
Responsible Party
22 7. BUDGETS
Tables 7.1-7.3 contain the proposed budget for the project.
7.1 Overall Project Budget by Activity (not including GoPNG)
OUTPUT/ACTIVITIES + non- 10. Project 20. Sub· 30. Duty 40. Capital 50. 60. Quarter Year GRAND activity based expenses Personnel contract travel Items Consumable Miscellaneous TOTAL I Items Output 1 - Six Almami clans are I prepared to manage their forest resources according to agreed management plans ... Activity 1.1 59,240 17,200 2,000 500 Y1· Y2: Q1·2 Y3 78,940 Activity 1 .2 39,100 24,700 5,000 800 Q3-4 Y1: Y2: Q1-3 Y3 69,600 Activity 1.3 57,380 5,700 4,500 1,000 Q4 Y1: Y2: Y3 68,580 Activity 1 .4 29,140 12,000 4,000 500 Q3 Y1: Y2: Q1-2 Y3 45,640 Activity 1.5 35,300 18,600 4,000 1,000 Q2I4 Y1-Y3 58,900 Activity 1.6 24,360 7,400 1,500 500 Q2-Q4 Y1: Y2: Y3 33,760 Subtotal 1 244,520 (E) 85,600(E) 21,000 (E) 4,300 (E) 355,420 (E) Output 2 - Lessons learned and mainstreaming actions designed Activity 2.1 41,040 31,500 2,000 4,000 1,500 2,000 Q2-4 Y1 82,040 Activity 2.2 53,680 10,800 8,500 1,500 5,000 Q2 Q3-4 Y1: Y2: Q2 Y3 79,480 Activity 2.3 52,280 18,000 4,000 1,200 12,000 Q2 Q3-4 Y1: Y2 87,480 Activity 2.4 52,360 58,200 5,000 2,000 2,000 Q2 Q3-4 Y1: Y2: Q1 Y3 119,560 Activity 2.5 33,000 4,200 5,000 500 Q2 Y1: Q2 Y2: Q3 Y3 42,700 Activity 2.6 15,240 1,500 Q1/3 Y1-Y2: Q1/4 Y3 16,740 Subtotal 2 199,200 (I) 122,700 21,000 (I) 4,000 (I) 8,200 (I) 21,000 (I) 376,100 (I) 58,400 (E) (I) 3,500 (E) 61,900 (E) Non-Activity Based Expenses
Spare parts 3,000 Y1, Y2, Y3 3,000 Fuel 7,800 Y1,Y2,Y3 7,800 Office supplies 18,000 Y1, Y2, Y3 18,000 Auditing 3,000 Y1, Y2, Y3 3,000 Subtotal 3 22,200 (E) 3,000 (E) 25,200 (E) 9,600 (I) 9,600 (I) Subtotal (ITTO) 199,200 122,700 21,000 4,000 17,800 21,000 385,700
- .. Subtot~ (TNC) _ _302,92lL. _85,60lL. .. _24,5QQ... -_.- 23,500 3,000 '---_. _._-- _ 439,520
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l-Q t:: 11 i.5 l-z II UJ 7.2 Yearly Project Budget by Source ITTO Budget Component Phase 1 Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 10 Proiect Personnel 199,200 90,000 109,200 20 Subcontracts 122,700 80,000 28,500 14,200 30 Duty travel 21,000 10,000 11,000 40 Capital items 4,000 4,000 50 Consumable items 17,800 9,000 5,800 3,000 60 Miscellaneous 21,000 7,000 8,000 6,000 Subtotal 1 385,700 200,000 162,500 23,200 70 Executing aQency manaQement cost 81 Monitoring and review costs 18,000 82 Evaluation costs 15,000 Subtotal 2 418,700 83 Programme support costs (8%) 33,496 ITTOTOTAL 452,196 25 Yearly Project Budget by Source - TNC Budget Component Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1.0 Project Personnel 302,920 90,440 112,040 100,440 2.0 Subcontracts 85,600 28,800 41,600 15,200 3.0 Duty travel 24,500 9,500 8,500 6,500 4.0 Capital Items 5.0 Consumable Items 23,500 5,100 8,800 9,600 6.0 Miscellaneous 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Subtotal 439,520 7.0 Executive Agency Management Costs (8% of 66,018 Total Costs) Grand Total - TNC 505,538 Yearly Project Budget by Source - Government of PNG Budget Component Total Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 1.0 Project Personnel 47,000 20,000 15,000 12,000 2.0 Subcontracts 3.0 Duty travel 15,000 7,000 4,000 4,000 4.0 Capital Items 5.0 Consumable Items 3,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 6.0 Miscellaneous 10,000 5,000 3,000 2,000 Grand Total - GoPNG 75,000 33,000 23,000 19,000 26 7.3 Consolidated Yearly Project Budget. Budget Components TOTAL Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 10 Project Personnel ITTO TNC/GoPNG ITTO TNC/GoPNG ITTO TNC/GoPNG 11. National/local Experts • Project Manager (100%) 90,000 15,180 14,820 15,180 14,820 0 30,000 • Conservation Planner (80%) • Conservation Officer (80%) 37,440 6,240 6,240 6,000 6,480 0 12,480 • Mainstreaming Coordinator (100%) 24,480 4,080 4,080 4,000 4,160 0 8,160 39,600 6,600 6,600 6,600 6,600 0 13,200 12. National/local Consultants • Partnership Coordinator (9m) • Community Conservation 16,200 2,700 2,700 2,500 2,900 0 5,400 Facilitators/trainers (24m) • Community Conservation 57,600 9,600 9,600 9,520 9,680 0 19,200 Adviser (2m) • Community Development Advisers (4m) • Communications Specialist 8,000 4,000 4,000 0 0 (2m) • Policy/Legal Analyst (6m) • Collaborative Tool 4,000 2,000 2,000 0 0 Development Consultant (6m) I • Tool Development Advisers (4m) 8,000 4,000 4,000 0 0 • Small Business Development Consultant (6m) 30,000 7,500 7,500 7,500 7,500 • GIS Consultant (2m) 24,000 3,000 3,000 9,000 9,000 8,000 3,000 3,000 1,400 1,400 30,000 2,500 2,500 12,500 12,500 8,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 13. Other labour Project Assistant (100%) 36,000 _6,000 5,000 7,000 0 12,000 • ~ - ---~ 27 14. International Experts • Conservation Finance Expert 17,500 3,500 3,500 5,250 5,250 (-1.75m) • Institutional & Partnership Expert (-1.75m) 17,500 3,500 3,500 5,250 5,250 • Conservation Planning Expert (-3.5m) 35,000 5,000 5,000 12,500 12,500 • Forest Conservation/Policy Expert (-1 m) 10,000 0 0 5,000 5,000 Component Total 502,120 90,400 90,040 109,200 112,040 0 100,440 20. Subcontracts ITTO TNC/GoPNG ITIO TNC/GoPNG ITTO TNC/GoPNG 21. Community visioning & 32,600 10,000 4,000 5,200 5,200 4,000 4,200 engagement workshops, needs surveys, consultations and patrols 22. ALLG self assessment & 21,600 4,000 3,600 3,500 3,500 3,200 3,800 training 23. Biodiversity and 22,200 13,000 5,000 2,100 2,100 mainstreaming assessment & mapping 24. Land use planning and 5,400 2,000 700 2,000 700 management workshops 25. Sustainable enterprises 28,200 8,000 4,000 8,000 4,000 2,000 2,200 training, business forum and exchanQes 26. Baseline social marketing 13,500 10,000 3,500 10,000 8,000 assessment 27. Partner engagement, focus 36,000 14,000 4,000 10,000 8,000 groups & tool development workshops 28. Policy Advisory Committee 10,800 4,000 1,000 2,800 3,000 29. Micro-credit scheme 38,000 15,000 3,000 8,000 2,000 5,000 5,000 Component Total 208,300 80,000 28,800 41,600 28,500 14,200 15,200 Budget Components TOTAL Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 30. Duty travel ITIO TNC/GoPNG ITIO J __ TNC/GoPNG ITIO I TNC/GoPNG - 28 31. DSA Port Moresby 7,000 2,000 2,000 9,500 I 11,000 40. 50. 2,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 60. 70. 80. 29 PART III OPERATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS 1. MANAGEMENTSTRUCTURE The Nature Conservancy (TNC) will be the Executing Agency for the project, in close collaboration with the PNG Forest Authority and PNG's National ITTO Committee. The project team and management of the project will be based in Madang, two hours by car from the Adelbert Range and demonstration sites. The Project Manager, recruited by TNC, will be responsible for the overall management and oversight of both site based and mainstreaming components of the project and liaise directly PNGFA and Provincial Forest Committee counterparts. A Project Assistant, also recruited by TNC, will provide administrative, logistic and programming support. The Project Manager and Project Assistant will spend approximately 50% of their time on each of the two outputs. A Mainstreaming Coordinator will be recruited to facilitate and manage the day-to-day execution of Output 2 and to liaise directly with and the Project Team engaged by the PNGFA to develop a model FMA. The Government of PNG will contribute significantly in kind to the project's development and specific activities. The PNGFA will be responsible for undertaking the policy and legislative reviews and will identify counterparts that will be engaged directly in the lessons learned and tool development components of the project. Members of the PNG ITTO Committee will guide the policy and legislative view as part of a Steering Committee for that activity. At the Provincial level, the Provincial Government and Forestry Committee will be actively engaged as partners in the site-based and mainstreaming components of the project. The Provincial Government, Business Development Section will be directly engaged in Activities 1.4 and 2.3 related to compatible business development and the identification of sustainable financing options. Figure 3 - Organisational Chart Provincial Government PNGFA Director Policy/Aid Mainstreaming Conservation Conservation Officer Coordinator Planner 2. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION The Project Manager will be responsible for submitting complete reports on project activities and expenditures on a six-monthly basis; at least 4 weeks before each ITTO monitoring visit and 4 months before the ITTC. The project completion report will be submitted in accordance with ITTO rules, within a maximum of 3 months of project completion. The final report will include as annexes all publications and promotional materials generated by the project and be timed to coincide with an inception report for Phase 2, if appropriate. Table 2.1 outlines the preliminary Monitoring and Reporting Schedule. 30 These reports will be submitted to the PNG Forest Authority and to ITTO and made available to partners and on the TNC website. The reports will be prepared following the ITTO standard format and may contain additional information as required by ITTO. Table 2.1 - Preliminary schedule of monitoring and reporting Both ITTO and the PNG Forest Authority are expected to participate in the evaluation visits and meetings carried out by ITTO. Every effort will be made to ensure that all evaluation missions can have access to all project activities. The project will invite the ITTO to visit project facilities at any time it may consider necessary. Upon completion of the first 12 months of Phase 1, a mid-term evaluation report will be submitted to ITTO and to the National Environmental Authority. This will provide the recommendations and identify critical components to be addressed in Phase 2. Every aspect of the project will be subject to monitoring by ITTO representatives, as well as the ongoing auditing applied by TNC to all its activities. Financial Statements and Audit Reports will be provided to ITTO for monitoring and evaluation. The final report will be based on the ITTO Manual for Project Monitoring, Review and Evaluation and will be submitted within three months of project completion. 3. FUTURE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE The framework for long-term management of the conservation areas is set out in the Almami environmental legislation. The ultimate responsibility for management remains in the hands of the forest owners - the clan members. A well-defined process will be followed in each clan area to facilitate work at the pace of each clan's readiness and abilities. Enforcement of conservation area regulations and restrictions will be the principle responsibility of clan members. A Local Level Government Advisory Committee that will act as ''watchdog'' and advise on management issues will also support the clans. The Ward Development Committees and Ward Councillors will incorporate the clans' conservation areas into development plans, and district officers will provide technical support to the Local Level Government and clans. Each of these arms of government has a distinct role, as stated in the legislation, and the Conservancy will help them to fulfil these roles effectively by conducting institutional assessments to identify priority development needs, including training. Additional non-government partners will be invited to help improve sustainable livelihoods and social services, according to clans' identified needs. 31 Upon completion of project activities, the criteria and indicators for the sustainable management of tropical forest areas in the Adelbert Range will be in place. A transition strategy for each Phase will guide the executing agency and partners monitor project outcomes and help ensure the sustainability of the stakeholder agreements, land use planning and income generating opportunities. Financially, the project will examine the use of an endowment fund to support the continuing costs of benefits provided through the stakeholder agreements. The Nature Conservancy will continue to promote the adoption and implementation of the project outcomes and through its Madang office will continue to provide technical assistance in maintaining viable conservation areas to both clans and the Local Level Government for a minimum of five years. PART IV: THE TROPICAL TIMBER FRAMEWORK 1. COMPLIANCE WITH ITTA, 1994 OBJECTIVES This project proposal is consistent with ITTO objectives as established in Article 1 of the International Tropical Timber Agreement (ITTA), 1994, in particular the following: (c) To contribute to the process of sustainable development; Sustainable development in PNG depends significantly on the sustainable management of forest resources. Over 90% of these resources are in customary ownership. This project directly contributes to the capacity of locallandholders to conserve and sustainably utilise forests in PNG. (f) To promote and support research and development with a view to improving forest management and efficiency of wood utilization as well as increasing the capacity to conserve and enhance other forest values in timber producing tropical forests; The project will contribute directly to the capacity of national and provincial government representatives, local level government officials and institutions and local communities to conserve and enhance other forest values. (I) To encourage members to develop national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forests and their genetic resources and at maintaining the ecological balance in the regions concerned, in the context of tropical timber trade; Through an analysis of policy and the development of collaborative tools for conservation and sustainable forest management at the Clan and village level, this project will contribute to efforts by the Government of PNG to develop national policies and approaches to the sustainable utilization and conservation of timber producing forest. 2. COMPLIANCE WITH IITO YOKOHAMA ACTION PLAN This project is consistent with ITTO priorities as well as the IITO Yokohama Action Plan 2002- 2006. It complies with the following goals and actions based on the provisions of the ITTA (1994) in the field of reforestation and forest management: 1.1 Cross cutting actions (h) Encourage and increase the involvement of non-government stakeholders, including industry and trade associations, environmental organizations and indigenous groups, in the activities of the Organization The active engagement of local communities, church groups, local development NGOs and local entrepreneurs is central to the development of the stake holder agreements to be developed under this project. 32 1.3 Reforestation and forest management Goal 1: Support activities to secure the tropical timber resource base 4. Promote the conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable management of threatened forest ecosystems, inter alia mangroves2, in collaboration with relevant organizations. The Adelbert Range is of high biological significance and threatened by a range of factors. This project addresses the root causes of these threats and aims to promote conservation and sustainable forest management approaches in other priority sites within PNG. 5. Assess opportunities for, and promote development of, non-timber forest products and forest services, which can improve the economic attractiveness of maintaining the forest resource base. Ecologically and economically viable business opportunities that will potentially include a range of non-timber forest products and services will be directly supported by the project. 7. Encourage members and assist them, where appropriate, to: • Secure the forest resource base through the implementation of forest policy, legislation and associated strategies, revised and updated where appropriate, which address: Land use planning which defines forests appropriate for production and provides sufficient representation through protected, reserved and conservation areas to ensure biodiversity conservation and watershed protection; Tenure rights, taking into account traditional ownership and/or use; The project introduces appropriate local legislation (e.g. Local Level Government Environment and Conservation Law), and assists communities establish conservation agreements and related land-use and management plans. These provide the essential elements for sustainable forest management and a secure forest resource base in forests under customary tenure and traditional ownership and use. Goal 2: Promote sustainable management of tropical forest resources 6. Monitor and assess the social, economic and environmental costs and benefits of sustainable management of natural forests. The social assessment, biological monitoring and analysis of economic indicators throughout the project will contribute to this objective. 10. Encourage members and assist them, where appropriate, to: • Establish and manage forests for multiple uses in close cooperation with local forest owners and communities living in forest areas; • Establish areas dedicated to biodiversity conservation in accordance with IITO guidelines, including transboundary conservation areas, in close collaboration with other relevant organizations and bodies; Through stakeholder agreements the project will contribute directly to the establishment and management of multiple use areas by local resource owners. Specific areas will be identified and conserved for their biodiversity value. 33 Annex A. Executing Agency Profile Established in 1951, The Nature Conservancy is a tax-exempt, non-governmental organization based in Arlington, Virginia, USA. The Conservancy's mission is to preserve the plants, animals, and natural communities that represent the diversity of life on Earth by protecting the lands and waters they need to survive. Our conservation action is guided by Conservation by Design (http://nature.org/aboutus/howweworkiaboutlart5720.htm/) ; the Conservancy's overarching strategic framework, which identifies functional landscape-scale areas of high biodiversity, the key threats they face, high-leverage partners, and strategic approaches for priority action with specific measures to monitor impact. The Conservancy began working in the Asia Pacific region in 1990 and now has projects in Australia, China, the Federated States of Micronesia, Indonesia, PNG, the Republic of Palau, and the Solomon Islands. We act as an effective catalyst for conservation, bringing together a wide diversity of resources - technical expertise, strategic planning, project management skills, and funding - from public, private, local, and international sources. The Conservancy has had a multifaceted conservation program in PNG since 1993. TNC was instrumental in helping create the PNG-Mama Graun Conservation Trust Fund, which is supported by the GEF, the World Bank, and other donors. TNC has had an office in Madang for the past three years. It has been actively working in the Adelbert Mountain area since 1996, when it tendered for the Josephstaal FMA to demonstrate sustainable forestry practice. This project proposal is a direct result of the relationships developed and lessons learned from that process. Pacific Islands Countries Operating Unit (PICOU), Melanesia Program and PNG Office PICOU Director Peter Thomas I I Melanesia Micronesia Pacific Regional Programme Programme Director Paul Lokani I I Madang Kimbe Bay Port Moresby Office Office Office I Project Manager I I I Mainstreaming Conservation Conservation Coordinator I Planner I Officer 34 Annex B. PNG ITTO Committee Comments The PNG ITTO supports the project in the Adelbert Range area of Madang Province. Encouraging customary owners to pursue sustainable management of forest resources is an important policy of the Government. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) will assist the customary owners to achieve this objective. Under this project the partnership building between non-governmental organizations is envisaged. The Nature Conservancy and PNG Forest Authority will work together to ensure sustainable forest management of forest resources is appreciated and implemented at community level. This partnership with TNC under this project is the first of many such relationships to follow. Therefore the PNG- ITTO Committee endorses the proposal. Dike Kari Chairman PNG-ITTO Committee 35 Annex C. Terms of Reference Project Manager The Project Manager is a professional with experience in project management and is responsible for the overall implementation of the Project. S/he prepares annual workplans, budgets, technical reports, monitoring and evaluation of the project and directly oversees all on-the-ground implementation activities. The candidate should have a Degree in an Environment related field and more than five years experience in project management and in conservation. Main Duties • Provide leadership, coordination, strategic planning and direction to the project. • Responsible for coordinating the project staff and providing technical and administrative guidance for the implementation of planned activities • Developing annual work plans and related budgets • Manage multi-disciplinary administrative and professional staff, with responsibility for performance management, training and career development. • Ensuring the timely achievement of project outputs and objectives • Monitoring project expenditures and responsible for financial management and accountability of funds. • Develop and maintain relevant partnerships with local NGO's, appropriate government agencies and local village communities. • Monitoring project activities and preparing progress reports, monthly reports and other technical and administrative reports on the project Project Assistant The Project Assistant is a highly skilled, organized administrative professional who handles all administrative matters, general office management and financial management of the Adelbert Projects. The Project Assistant will manage the support office of the Adelbert Projects so that it operates efficiently to meet project goals and objectives. The candidate should have relevant administrative, management and financial education at college level with a minimum of five years of experience working on administration, office management, project support and financial management. Main Duties • Administer the day-to-day office operations including ensure all incoming phone calls are handled as appropriate and greet and assist visitors. Process all in-coming and out-going mail. • Administer financial transactions, financial reporting and monthly financial reconciliation of the project, consulting closely with the Melanesia accountant and assistant accountant so that all financial reporting and accounting meets the standards set out by TNC. • Co-ordinate on a regular basis with the Project Manager all administrative and human resources matters for the project. • Oversee Human Resources matters of the project including oversee time and effort reporting and assisting contracted personnel with travel and other requirements. • Coordinate and handle all travel arrangements for project staff including visas, hotel and plane reservations. • Work with the Project Manager to prepare and track project contracts. • Responsible for office supplies, equipment purchase and maintenance. Establish an inventory of assets, equipment and office furniture and maintain an inventory and insurance database. Mainstreaming Coordinator The Mainstream Co-ordinator is a professional with skills and experience in written and verbal communication, good understanding and use of the media and has skills in dealing with and communicating with ordinary people. The candidate must have a degree in a communication related 36 field and must have at least 5 or more years of experience working on a communication related field in the print, TV and radio. Main Duties: • Translate technical knowledge, lessons learned of the project into language and medium that can be understood by various stakeholders and village communities. • Produce awareness materials in various mediums to share and disseminate information on the project that will be applied in other areas and projects. • Co-ordinate the dissemination and distribution of documents, lessons learned, success stories on the project for specific target audience and for public consumption. • Formulate communication strategies to mainstream the project as a model conservation and sustainable strategy that can be adopted in other parts of the country. • Consult with the Department of Environment and Conservation, PNG Forest Authority, Ministry for Inter Government relations and Provincial Governments Partnership Coordinator The Partnership Co-ordinator is a professional dealing with people in rural communities, and various organizations in the private, NGO and Government sector. The candidate should be a good communicator and strategic thinker and should have 6 years work experience in the NGO or Government Institutions dealing with complex community, government and NGO issues. Main Duties • Co-ordinate project and activities with partners in the project area. • Meet with partners in the project area on a regular basis to update and exchange information on progress of information in the • Liaison with all levels of government, Local Level, District, Provincial and National to share information concerning the Adelbert Project. • Work closely with Almami Local Level Government and Bogia District Administration to implement the Environment and Conservation Law and to integrate conservation planning with LLG and District development planning. Assist Almami LLG with drafting their 5 year Development Plan • Develop a partnership strategy for the Adelbert Program, criteria for engagement of partners to assist with implementation, and plan to monitor effectiveness of partnerships. • Based on the above strategy establish partnerships with NGO's churches, government agencies donor agencies and service providers and define partners roles and capacity in the project context. • Develop a set of criteria and standards to assess the environmental, economic and social sustainability projects and activities LLG and communities are interested in pursuing. Conservation Officer The Conservation Officer is a professional who is responsible for carrying out field based activities related to conservation science, planning and management under the supervision and direction of the Conservation Planner. The candidate should have at least 5 years experience working in field science projects working in a community environment. Main Duties • Provide advice to communities and coordinate field activities on development of clan conservation management plans and land use plans. • Provide technical support to the Almami Environment and Conservation Advisory Committee. • Provide field logistical support and assistance for research activities within the project area including biological surveys and rapid ecological assessments. • Assist in design and implementation of the biological component of overall project monitoring plan with a focus on assisting clan self-monitoring of conservation areas. 37 • Document indigenous knowledge relating to resource management, flora and fauna, forest types, soil classification etc. With conservation planner incorporate this information into clan management and monitoring plans. • Work as part of management team together with project manager, partnership coordinator, training coordinator and conservation planner. Participate in team self-assessment, developing project vision outcomes, incentives and other activities that lead to achievement of project goals. Community conservation & Development Facilitators Community Conservation Development Facilitators are young man and women from Madang and the vicinity of the Adelbert Range trained in community participatory techniques. The candidates are able to work in difficult rural conditions, have good working attitudes and can be able to communicate well with the communities. Main Duties: • Conduct workshops in the communities to raise awareness on conservation. • Conduct workshops and training with communities and clans to understand fully the ALLG Conservation Law and roles, responsibilities and obligations under the law. • Conduct workshops with the communities on conservation planning methods, visioning and sustainable development alternatives. • Engage the communities to collect information from the communities on custom, traditional land use methods, community history and resource use patterns. • Engage communities in a step by step approach for the establishment of conservation areas. Remuneration Community Conservation Development Facilitators (CDF) will be paid per completed community patrol normally lasting 4 weeks each. The CDF will not be paid normal employee entitlements. National Consultant (Success Indicators) A National Consultant with experiences in conducting Lessons Learned Studies is a professional with a Degree in an Environment or Human studies Related Degree. The candidate must have 6 or more years of experience in conducting research on collecting data and information on success indicators and documenting in an easy to understand manner the process, conditions and parameters that make conservation strategies work or fail. Main Duties • Compile lessons learned from the Project. • Review of previous lessons learned documentation e.g. UNDP/GEF Bismarck Ramu ICAD • Review of previous evaluations and reports related to this project and other similar projects. • Investigate following questions; o How communities have been engaged, participated in project. What are the relative strengths and weaknesses if these approaches? o If possible, calculate the return on the investment ($/ha conserved) o What factors enhance the probability of conflict o Whether/how demarcating boundaries has led to conflicts and how to manage or prevent these o How conflicts over land boundaries have been handled o How to encourage clan cooperation with each other o Issues for information protocols for collection and sharing of information o Incentives, how they can be used to reinforce self sufficiency or undermine self- sufficiency o Integration of environmental and development/social issues (e.g. health, education) o Community perceptions of working with NGOs and impacts of NGO interventions. o Role of government and partnership with government 38 o How to work at scale with hundreds/thousands of communities (e.g. World Vision, Lutheran Development Services, Catholic education, FPCD, UNICEF). National consultant (Policy and Legislation Review) A Policy and Legislation National Consultant is a professional with background and experience in policy analysis and development and with a working knowledge of forestry, environment and natural resource management legislation in PNG. The candidate must have a degree in Law, Public Policy or related field with 6 or more years experience working in a policy or legal working environment. Working knowledge of customary land tenure and resource ownership in PNG will highly desirable. Main Duties: • Compile and Review relevant Policies and Legislation on Conservation, Forest, Land Use and custom as they relate and affect the project. • Based on the Review make recommendations on how to improve Policy and legislation at the National and Provincial Level. • Advise on measures required to support the mainstreaming of the strategies for the project. • Build consensus among government, industry and NGO's. • Assist PNGFA to establish an advisory group comprising PNG ITTO, PNGFA, TNC and relevant stakeholders to assist in the Policy and legislation Review Process. National Consultant (Collaborative Tool Development) The collaborative tool development national consultant is an experienced professional with good communication and partnership skills and is a strategic thinker. The candidate should have a degree in an environment or planning related field and should have 5 or more years of experience working on conservation or resource use, planning and management. Main Duties: • Document and analyse forest conservation methods, processes and tools and their inter linkages being used in the Adelbert Range and other projects in PNG. • Consult with the Mainstream Co-ordinator and local Universities on how to improve the conservation methods, processes and tools being used in the project area. • Evaluate effectiveness of conservation methods, processes and tools with partners and the communities. • In consultation with the Conservation Planner conduct an intensive review of the processes and methods being used to establish Conservation Area Management and Land Use Plans. • Co-ordinate workshops on recommended conservation methods, processes and tools with the communities and partners National Consultant (Small Business Development) The small business development consultant is a skilled and knowledgeable person on small business. The candidate will have 5 or more years experience in running small businesses in a rural setting, has advised on how to run small business and has been involved in training of ordinary people on small businesses. Main Duties • Review existing and potential compatible business opportunities in the project area. • Assess viable small compatible business opportunities in the project area • Identify funding sources and opportunities for the identified viable small business for the project area • Evaluate market opportunities for non traditional cash crops and include non timber products • Conduct training on how to run small rural business Conservation Finance Expert The Conservation Finance Expert is a professional with experience in sustainable conservation finance management. He will be responsible for faCilitating the identification of sustainable finance 39 mechanism suitable for implementation in the Adelbert Range. S/he will organise workshops and prepare technical reports on sustainable conservation strategies. The candidate should have a Degree in a Finance related field and more than five years experience in conservation finance mechanisms. Main Duties: • Provide technical advice on sustainable finance mechanism. • Facilitate workshops with stakeholders to identify conservation finance strategies. • Provide technical assistance in identifying sources of income for the Adelbert Range. • Conduct a feasibility for the establishment of a conservation finance mechanism. Institutional & Partnership Expert The Institutional and Partnership Expert is a professional with experience in leadership development, institutional capacity development and building partnerships. He/She will be responsible for identifying strengths and weaknesses in the Alamami Local Level Government and developing strategies to strengthen the Almami Local Level Government. He/she will also be responsible for identifying and liaising with conservation and government partners. The candidate should have a degree in human resource field or communication field with a minimum of 5 years experience in a institutional capacity building and partnership building field. Main Duties: • Conduct institutional self assessment to identity strengths and weaknesses • Facilitate implementation of strategies to improve institutional effectiveness to achieve its mission. • Identify and highlight areas for organizational learning and improvement. • Provide technical assistance and advice for strengthening institutions. • Provide technical assistance and advice for institutional strategic plan. Conservation Planning Expert The Conservation Planning Expert is a professional with experience and knowledge on conservation planning tools. He/She will be responsible for reviewing and advising on the most appropriate tools to be used in conservation in the Adelbert Range. He/she will also be responsible for planning methods and tools for effective management of conservation areas. The candidate should have a degree in biological science, natural resource management and planning or related field and at least 6 years experience in conservation and resource management. Main Duties: • Provide technical input and advice on development of clan conservation management plans and land use plans. • Provide technical advice and assistance to integrate conservation planning with Local Level Government and District development plans. • Provide technical input and assistance to the clans and communities to build their capacity to develop management and land use plans. • Provide technical input and assistance to the clans and communities for community development and land use mapping. Forest Conservation/Policy Expert The Forest Conservation/Policy Expert is a professional with experience and knowledge in forest conservation and forest related policy. He/she will be responsible for assisting the Government of PNG and the Madang Provincial Government to review national and provincial policy and legislation to determine measures required to support conservation in the Adelbert Range. The candidate should have a degree in forest or other biological science and have at least 6 years experience working on policy and forest conservation related jobs. 40 Main Duties: • Review national and provincial policy and legislation appropriate and relevant to forest conservation and management. • Advise and provide technical assistance on policy reform that provide incentives for local governments to support clan forest management. • Advice and provide technical assistance to the Madang Provincial Government to formulate policy that support and provide for implementation framework of the Almami Local Level Government Conservation and Environment Law. Community Conservation Adviser Community Conservation Advisor is a professional with conservation and sustainable development experience working with rural communities in PNG. He/she will be responsible for with the Community Conservation Facilitators and Conservation Officers to develop community entry and community engagement strategy. The candidate should have degree in natural resource management field and have at least 5 years experience working with communities on a conservation related job. Main Duties: • In consultation with the Community Conservation & Development Facilitators develop community entry and community engagement strategies. • In consultation with the Community Conservation & Development Facilitators develop Community Conservation Strategies. • Provide technical advice and assistance in a step by step participatory process that builds and raises community conservation awareness. Community Development Adviser Community Development Advisor is a professional with community business and development experience in PNG. He will be responsible for working with Communities to identify sustainable business development options in the Adelbert Range. The candidate should have a degree in a business related field with at least 5 years experience working as a business development officer at the provincial or district level government and working directly with rural communities. Main Duties: • Review and evaluate existing businesses operating in the Adelbert Range and surrounding communities. • Identify business opportunities in the Adelbert Range. • Identify and evaluate the business opportunities that rely on forest resources and associated dependent species and resources. • Evaluate the risk of business opportunities to the forest resources. Communications Specialist The Communications specialist is a professional with experience in developing communication materials for communities. He/she will be responsible for formulating communication strategies for communities, local level governments, national government agencies and other stakeholders. The candidate should have a degree in journalism or a communication related field with at least 5 years experience. Main Duties: • Work with the Mainstream Co-ordinator to formulate a mainstreaming communication strategy. • Provide technical advice and assistance in simplifying technical and scientific information for dissemination to clans, communities and local level government. • Provide technical advice and assistance on the production of awareness materials and media mediums for dissemination of information. 41 GIS Consultant The GIS consultant is a professional who is an expert on GIS and information management systems. He/she will be responsible for using and interpreting remote sensing data to monitor forest cover and advising the conservation planner on using location data to be managed in a GIS system. The candidate should have degree in geography, ecology, the natural sciences or information management and 5 years experience in GIS program management. Main Duties: • Classifying and mapping forest cover in the Adelbert Range using remote sensing data. • Producing land use maps for the Almami Clans and Almami Local Level Government. • Producing data maps for the use by the Almami Clans and the Almami Local Level Government. • Provide technical assistance and advice on managing data in a GIS system to be maintained for the Adelbert Forest Conservation Project. ANNEX D: Summary of Studies on the Biodiversity Value of the Project Site (a) Mammal diversity There are at least 215 mammal species (2 monotremes, 68 marsupials, 74 bats, 71 rodents) in mainland PNG, with new species being regularly discovered, due to the generally poor level of previous study and a high level of endemism (Leary, 1999). The species distribution of the mammals is poorly known, but based on altitudinal limits and habitat preference, fifty seven mammal species (2 Echidnas, 4 carnivorous marsupials, 4 bandicoots, 4 wallabies, 4 cuscuses, 3 possums and gliders, 13 rodents, 10 fruit and blossom bats, 2 sheathtail bats, 5 leaf-nosed bats, 4 evening bats, and 2 free tailed bats) are known or expected to occur in the area. Eleven of these species are thought to be vulnerable to disturbance and of conservation concern. These are shown below: I Species IUCN Classification i I Long-beaked echidna (Zaglossus bruijni) Endangered I r··New.:·:Q~~~~~~~q~~n_1Q~s.y.~~~_:~~~p.~~~i.~i.~~2::::.:::~~~.::.'-._'-.".."._"'''_''....'' '''..'.''..'._''-'' ... ''.-_- ....'' ..''..'''' ...... _...... -.._...... -_...... -..-..+ ...... ~~:.:::::: .. :::::::=:.::::::.:::::~~:::~:~::.::~:::~::.::::~~:::=.::::~::::::~::=!! rt-furred dasyure Murexia Ion ·cauda ...... -..- ...... -..-...... -..- ...... -... --.- ...- ...~ I Vulnerable ·_·.... _· ....·_·_ ..·.... ·_ .._ ...... ·_.. ·__ ...... ·_..·1 There are also two species of tree kangaroo that occur at altitudes above 600m and are very vulnerable to hunting. (b) Bird diversity The natural range of 336 birds (excluding sea birds, gulls and terns) overlap with the boundaries of the area. The avifaunal studies done to date suggest that the area probably supports 150-200 of the species that could be in the area, depending on the flexibility of the altitudinal limits thought to limit species distribution and on the range of habitats in natural and disturbed forest. The Fire-maned bowerbird (Sericulus baken) is endemic to the Adelbert range. Other species of interest due to restricted habitats, limited distribution or being particularly vulnerable to disturbance include: • New Guinea eagle (Harpyopsis novaguineae) 42 • Forbes's forest rail (Rallina forbesl) • Bare-eyed rail (Gymnocrex plumbeiventris) • New Guinea flightless rail (Megacrex inepta) • Thick-billed ground-pigeon (Goura victoria) • Pesquet's parrot (Psittrichas fulgidus) • Feline owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles insignis) • Barred owlet-nightjar (Aegotheles bennettiJ) • Shovel-billed kookaburra (Clytoceyx rex) • Torrent robin (Monachella muelleriana) • Torrent-lark (Grallina bruijm) • Black-billed sickle-bill: abird of paradise (Drepanornis albertis/) Up to 76 species are thought to be particularly sensitive to logging or other types of disturbance. These include:-Cassowaries, Megapodes (especially of Talegalla and Aepypodius genera), raptors, ground pigeons, fruit pigeons (especially affected by hunting), parrots (hunted for feathers and need tree holes), nightbirds, swifts and swallows, kingfishers (require high stream quality), terrestrial and substage insectivores adapted to low-light environments, river species (torrent robins and larks), flycatchers, birds of paradise and forest bowerbirds. (c) Butterfly diversity The diversity of butterfly species likely to occur in the area is considerable, probably around 423 species, including the internationally recognised and commercially important Paradise birdwing (Ornithoptera paradiseus), which is protected under PNG law. No endemic species with a small range limited to the study area are known to occur. The following 15 of the 423 species were considered to be particularly sensitive to disturbance: • Three Chaetocneme species. • Two Delias species. • Five Hypochrysops species. • Terinos tethys. • Graphium weiskii. • Two Ahropa/o species, including A. leo. • Ornithoptera paradiseus. These lowland or hill primary forest species are endemic to the northern part of the island, but their ecologies are poorly known. The food plants of the above species are either unknown or thought to be trees and woody vines, rather than herbs or grasses. (d) Herpetofauna diversity The area has rich herpetofauna, including 29 frog, 2 turtle, 49 lizard, and 23 snake species. Of these the 13 microhylid frog species are probably most vulnerable to disturbance as they are forest interior species, which deposit their eggs in terrestrial or arboreal sites, and are thus dependent on the forest microclimate. The same is true of Litoria graminea while the two torrent frogs (Nyctimistes and Litoria spp.) are reliant on the water quality of the streams. Three species of geckoes (Cyrtodactylus spp.), 10-12 species of skinks (Emoia, Eugongylus, Sphenomorphus spp.), 1-3 species of dragons and 2 species of snakes adapted to the forest interior are probably also vulnerable to disturbance, as much to predation by invading species as to loss of habitat. Among the reptiles, pythons and goannas are avidly hunted, while poisonous snakes are killed whenever encountered by man. A new genus of skink, probably locally endemic, has also been found but may be less vulnerable to disturbance that the above species. (e) Floral diversity The project's lowland inventory includes at least 139 families, 445 genera, and 730 distinct morphospecies. Botanical surveys sponsored by TNC in 1998 and 1999 identified 973 species, including four new species: Aglaia saxonii (Meliaceae), Barringtonia josephstaalensis (Barringtoniaceae), Calycosia mamosei (Rubiaceae) and Psychotria mayana (Rubiaceae). In 43 addition a considerable number (20) of rare taxa were discovered, indicating that habitats in the area provide refugia for restricted endemics eliminated from other parts of their historical range. The identified populations may represent the only existing colonies of these plants. 44 Annex E: Project Viability Analysis. Type Evidence Conclusions Risk Level Legal ~ Approach based on law drafted to be ~ Proposed approach is based Low consistent with Constitution and on legislation which has been Organic laws that have precedence; reviewed and strengthened by ~ Customary landowners have mandate appropriate government to control lands and resources on authorities; those lands; ~ Law is truly a bottom up ~ Enacted law establishes framework for approach for communities to landowners to work with government be involved in conservation; as both are signatories to formal ~ Reviews needed to assess agreement with specific provisions for likely indirect impacts upon penalties, enforceable in court; landowners' rights. ~ Historically there are numerous agreements over resource use among clans and with business. Political ~ National government support from ~ High levels of relevant Acceptable Ministers of Environment and government agencies at local, Conservation, Inter-Government provincial and national levels, Relations, and Tourism; constrained by lack of ~ Provincial government support from 3 resources and skills; authorities; ~ Relatively high level of ~ President and all councillors of Almami accountability at local level; LLG support; ~ Exceptional independent ~ Prime Minister, Minister of Forests judiciary; efficient and well- have priority to expand forestry grounded village court system, industry; even though very under ~ Substantial power of local communities resourced. at local government level. Institutional ~ Some prior experience of landowners ~ Consistent with clans, wards Low with organizing themselves into and LLG working together; landowners, Incorporated Landowner Groups; ~ New structured process, untested and ~ Long history of inter-clan agreements facilitating and raising probably and organizing for various purposes conservation issues and high with and enforced through village courts; strategies which will require local govt ~ Experience with local government facilitation and technical inputs; committees. ~ High trust among and between clans (but also disputes), strong collective sense of resource use impacts; ~ Low trust between landowners and government and no shared sense of resource use and impacts. Sociocultural ~ Landowners feel approach will ~ Likely high motivation of Low strengthen traditional systems; some landowners to use provisions traditional practices being lost, others to strengthen their control over still strong; land and resources. ~ High dependence upon forest resources for livelihoods. 45 Economic ~ Sustainable use of forest resources for ~ High dependence upon forests Acceptable cash crops - local timber uses and supplies motivation to be markets involved; ~ Small-scale eco-tourism as ~ Willing to take up eco-cash supplement, especially bird watching crops and expand eco-tourism tourists if tourists available. ~ Cash income from non-timber products (mushrooms, herbs); ~ Possible eco-friendly and eco-certified crops (vanilla, cocoa); ~ Very high dependence on forests for subsistence needs by landowners; ~ Most landowners similarly affected, no clear wealthy elites within clans. 46 Annex F: Recommendations of the 30th Expert Panel and respective modifications. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE 30tn MODIFICATION'S MADE EXPERT PANEL A. Overall Assessment Output one has been extended from 2 to Output 1.1 will be very difficult 3 years as recommended. Inputs are considering the activities involved and primarily delivered in years 1-2 with the inputs allocated to this output in ongoing facilitation, self-assessment and terms of time and funds. The Panel management planning delivered as further opined that successful required in year 3. completion of Activities 1.1.1 through 1.1.3 may require larger amount of The budget presentation has been revised resources than those planned in the to conform to the ITTO Manual. The proposal. The Panel also noted that the previous Table 7.1- Consolidated Yearly budget has not been presented in Budget has been deleted and replaced accordance with the ITTO Manual for with a revised Overall Project Budget by project formulation. Activity. B. Specific Recommendations. Redefined Output 1.1 as recommended 1. To be attainable redefine Output 1.1 as (page 16) "six Almami clans are prepared to managmg their forest resources ... ". Given the fact that "sustainably managing their forest resources" is a long term undertaking. 2. Extend the project duration from two Extension from 2-3 years without to three years without additional costs additional project implementation costs to ITTO to ensure the completion of to ITTO. Changes to work plan (page 22) Activities 1.1 through 1.3 and and budget tables (page 23-28) have been achievement of the redefined Output made accordingly. 1.1. 3. Reallocate the budget as appropriate Budget items have been reallocated such that the activities of Output 1.1 (pages 23-25). Summary on page i. receive the necessary inputs 4. Present Table 7.1 by source of finance, Additional $6,000 included (total include US$ 18,000 for ITTO's $18,000) for ITTO monitoring and monitoring and evaluation costs (for 3 evaluation is shown in Table 7.2 - Yearly years) and recalculate the ITTO' s Project Budget by Source and a programme support cost at 8 % of total Consolidated Total and Yearly Project ITTO project costs inclusive the Budget shown (Table 7.3). monitoring and evaluation and ex-post Programme support costs recalculated as evaluation costs requested. 5. Include an annex that shows the Completed. This Annex recommendations of the 30th Expert Panel and the respective modifications 47 in tabular form. Modifications must also be highlighted in the text. 48