Our Local Plan

Tandridge District Council - Local Plan 2033: Sustainability Appraisal Incorporating Strategic Environmental Assessment Appendices January 2019 Local Plan Submission

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Contents

APPENDIX 1 – BASELINE INFORMATION ...... 366 SA objective 1: To provide sufficient housing to enable people to live in a home suitable to their needs and which they can afford ...... 366 SA objective 2: To facilitate the improved health and wellbeing of the whole population ...... 370 SA objective 3: To conserve and enhance, archaeological, historic and cultural assets ...... 375 SA objective 4: To reduce the need to travel, encourage sustainable transport options and improve accessibility to all services and facilities ...... 377 SA objective 5: To make the best use of previously developed land and existing buildings ...... 380 SA objective 6: To support economic growth which is inclusive, innovative and sustainable, and SA objective 7: To provide for employment opportunities to meet the needs of the local economy ...... 382 SA Objective 8: To remove greenhouse gas emissions and move to a low carbon economy ...... 390 SA objective 9: To use natural resources prudently ...... 397 SA objective 10: To adapt to the changing climate ...... 399 SA objective 11: To reduce flood risk ...... 401 SA objective 12: To improve the water quality of rivers and groundwater, and maintain an adequate supply of water ...... 404 SA objective 13: To reduce land contamination and safeguard soil quality and quantity ...... 409 SA objective 14: To ensure air quality continues to improve and noise and light pollution are reduced ...... 410 SA objective 15: To protect and enhance landscape character ...... 413 SA objective 16: To conserve and enhance biodiversity ...... 416 APPENDIX 2 – SUMMARY OF OTHER PLANS & PROJECTS CONSIDERED ‘IN-COMBINATION’ ...... 420 Draft plan consultation (Regulation 18) November 2017 to February 2018...... 425

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APPENDIX 1 – BASELINE INFORMATION

SA objective 1: To provide sufficient housing to enable people to live in a home suitable to their needs and which they can afford

Map A.1: District Council Settlements

Figure O1.1: Population projection for LAs, 2018:

Population Population Population Local authority name (all) (female) (male) Tandridge 88,200 45,100 43,200 Table 1: Source: Surrey-i

Figure O1.2: Median house price by county, year ending Q3-2011 to year ending Q3-2016 (£)

£ Q3-2011 Q3-2012 Q3-2013 Q3-2014 Q3-2015 Q3-2016 Surrey 299,950 299,950 312,000 335,000 370,000 405,000 Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Figure O1.3: Median house price by local authority in Surrey, year ending Q3-2011 to year ending Q3-2016 (£)

Local authority Q3- Q3- Q3- Q3- Q3- Q3- name 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Elmbridge 385,000 405,000 430,000 450,000 495,000 525,000 317,250 315,000 324,500 355,000 402,000 450,000 Guildford 299,950 305,500 310,000 334,500 372,000 410,000 350,000 360,000 380,000 386,000 422,250 473,500 275,000 265,000 287,500 315,500 348,000 380,000 Runnymede 269,950 258,000 275,000 312,250 335,580 372,000 Spelthorne 249,950 250,000 260,000 279,950 320,050 365,000 272,750 282,500 295,000 311,500 345,000 374,250 Tandridge 300,000 285,000 303,500 329,950 375,000 390,000 Waverley 329,950 330,000 340,000 358,000 390,000 425,000 Woking 250,000 250,000 262,250 289,950 331,975 375,000 Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

What can be extrapolated from these two ONS tables is that:

- The county of Surrey (of which Tandridge is part of) at the end of 2016 had comfortably the most expensive median house price in the country. - Of the 11 local authorities in the county of Surrey at the end of 2016, Tandridge had the 6th highest median house price. - The median house price in Tandridge increased by 30% between 2011 (£300,000) and 2016 (£390,000).

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Figure O1.4: Ratio of median house price to median gross annual (where available) workplace-based earnings by local authority in Surrey, 1997 to 2016:

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Elmbridge 12.42 12.56 13.31 14.28 14.81 15.39 Epsom and Ewell 10.72 9.95 11.46 14.60 14.91 16.18 Guildford 10.11 9.59 9.81 10.96 11.24 12.01 Mole Valley 9.59 9.62 10.53 11.10 12.31 13.73 Reigate and Banstead 8.81 8.06 9.30 10.41 10.57 11.49 Runnymede 8.14 7.29 7.73 8.43 9.23 10.43 Spelthorne 7.64 7.57 8.13 8.06 8.83 10.90 Surrey Heath 9.35 9.40 9.34 9.64 10.89 12.47 Tandridge 12.96 14.06 14.05 13.63 14.90 14.78 Waverley 12.87 12.57 13.07 13.62 14.97 14.84 Woking 10.44 9.96 10.78 12.22 13.24 11.61 Table 5: Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

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Figure O1.5: Total amount of Gypsy and Traveller provision in Tandridge (March 2016):

Category Sites/Yards Pitches/Plots Private with 5 27 permanent planning permission Private sites with 1 1 temporary planning permission Public sites (council 1 15 and registered providers) Public transit 0 0 provision Private transit 0 0 provision Travelling 4 53

Showpeople yards Unauthorised sites 5 17

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SA objective 2: To facilitate the improved health and wellbeing of the whole population

Figure O2.1: Health and Wellbeing in Surrey

Value for Rank Average Local Local this area Authority Authority

Worst Best Male life expectancy - Years 11 80.7 81.7 80.7 82.6 3 Year Pooled Data, (11) † 2012-2014 Female life expectancy - Years 11 83.7 84.6 83.7 85.7 3 Year Pooled Data, (11) † 2012-2014 Rates of premature deaths (aged under 9 75) 81.5 77.4 89.0 71.8 (11) † 5 Year Pooled Data, 2008 - 2012 Estimated % of 1 adults who smoke 10.0% 14.5% 18.6% 10.0% (11) † Calendar Year, 2014 % of people with a limiting long-term 10 14.8% 13.5% 14.9% 12.1% illness (all) (11) † 2011 Census % of people with Long term illness or disability with day to 11 6.4% 5.7% 6.4% 5.1% day activities limited (11) † a lot 2011 Census Rate of alcohol related hospital 1 admissions (per 1,379.00 1,532.00 1,938.00 1,379.00 (11) † 100,000) Financial Year, 2011/12

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Figure O2.2: Disease and poor health in Surrey:

Surrey Region England

Indicator Period Recent Count Value Value Value Worst Best Trend

Cancer diagnosed at 2015 2,424 50.4% 52.1% 52.4% 41.6% 60.4% early stage

Hospital stays for self- 2015/16 1,939 167.6 211.8 196.5 635.3 55.7 harm

Hospital stays for 2015/16 5,473 482 527 647 1,163 390 alcohol-related harm

Recorded diabetes 2014/15 49,006 5.0% 5.7% 6.4% 8.9% 3.7%

2014 - Incidence of TB 206 5.9 7.1 10.9 69.0 1.3 16 New sexually transmitted infections 2016 4,602 624 648 795 3,288 344

(STI) Hip fractures in people aged 65 and 2015/16 1,365 580 562 589 820 391 over Estimated dementia diagnosis rate (aged 2017 9,824 64.1% 64.7% 67.9% 53.8% 90.8%

65+) Source: Fingertips

Above is a table showing the disease and poor health rates for the county of Surrey in comparison to the region of the South East and in comparison to England as a whole in the years 2015-2017.

The county of Surrey has a lower value than the average across the country across the board for all of the health and disease statistics detailed in the table above.

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Figure O2.3: Number and proportion of attendees and admissions that were seen by East Surrey Hospital based on district/borough of residence 2016/17:

District A&E Outpatients Emergency Elective Day Total Total Inputs Cases %

Reigate 28589 87420 7351 1023 8052 132435 25% and Banstead 18319 93227 8259 1192 8682 129679 25% Tandridge 17274 63109 6100 786 5629 92898 18% Horsham 8482 57854 4430 687 5702 77155 15% Mole 6266 20281 2212 316 1934 31009 6% Valley Mid 5770 19833 2597 281 2440 30921 6% Sussex Croydon 3585 10477 750 102 608 15522 3% Brighton 169 2626 45 33 505 3378 1% & Hove Other 7695 7013 1326 61 624 16179 3% Totals 96149 361840 33070 4481 34176 529176 100% Table 4: Source: East Surrey Hospital

Figure O2.4: 2016 Clinical Commission Groups in Surrey – Resident population by age:

Region All people Aged 0-15 Aged 16-64 Aged 65+ Aged 16+ NHS East 183664 37187 113559 32878 146477 Surrey CCG (100%) (20.2%) (61.9%) (17.9%) NHS 38498 130833 38451 169284 Guildford 207782 (18.5%) (63%) (18.5%) and (100%) Waverley CCG NHS North 344601 69368 213793 61440 275233 West Surrey (100%) (20.1%) (62%) (17.8%) CCG NHS Surrey 288199 57198 172393 58608 231001 Downs CCG (100%) (19.8%) (59.8%) (20.3%) NHS Surrey 96685 18442 60013 18230 78243 Heath CCG (100%) (19.1%) (62.1%) (18.9%) Table 5: Source: Surrey-i

Figure O2.5 People with poor health

Tandridge Surrey

General Health - % in 2.9% 2.7% 3.4% 4.2% bad health.

Source: Census 2011

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Figure O2.6: Disease prevalence (all ages)-amount of people and percentage of people with established hypertension, 2014/15:

NHS East Surrey CCG 21713 12.2% NHS Guildford and 27506 12.4% Waverley CCG NHS North West Surrey 46179 12.8% CCG NHS Surrey Downs CCG 40903 13.6% NHS Surrey Heath CCG 12555 13.4% Table 6: Source: Surrey-i

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Figure O2.7 Indoor sports facilities in Tandridge (2017)

School Indoor Sports Facilities  4 badminton court Sports Hall (Academy)  1 badminton court gymnasium (wooden floor)

 Fitness suite (very dated)

 Swimming Pool - 25m x 4 lane

Oxted School  4 badminton court Sports Hall - refurbished 5 years ago (Academy)  Gymnasium - 1 badminton court - 50 years old

 Fitness Suite – Small, poor quality

 Dance Studio - 20m x 25m - with sprung floor and mirror walls

Warlingham  4 badminton court Sports Hall School (Academy)  Gym

 Fitness Suite – c. 20 stations

 Swimming Pool – 25m x 4 lanes

Caterham School  4 badminton court Sports Hall (Independent)  Swimming Pool 25m x 13m

 Fitness gym and dance studio

 Free weights gym

Lingfield College -  4 badminton court Sports hall Notre Dame (Independent)  Fitness - Strength and Conditioning Suite

Woldingham  4 badminton court Sports Hall School (Independent)  2 x Squash Courts

 Fitness studio

 Dance/gymnastics studio

 Indoor Tennis Dome

 Swimming Pool

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SA objective 3: To conserve and enhance, archaeological, historic and cultural assets

Map A.2: Tandridge District Heritage Assets

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Figure O3.1: Conservation Areas in Tandridge

Name Description Date of Area (in designatio hectares) n Historic - former market town. A 1969 18 Bletchingley Conservation Area Appraisal has been adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance. Brewer Street Historic hamlet - containing Grade I listed 1990 22 & Place Farm, Brewer Street Farm and site of former Bletchingley Bletchingley Palace Broadham Area containing hamlet of Broadham Green 1990 31 Green and and buildings and other features at Spring Lane Mill Oxted Small historic village 1990 6 Former 19th century army barracks - now 1996 11 Barracks redeveloped for mixed uses Historic village centre - centred on church 1973 7 and Chaldon Court Fickleshole Small hamlet containing two farms and the 1990 5 White Bear PH - Historic centre of Godstone ('Walkingstead") 1972 3 Church Town - contains Church of St Nicholas and Grade II* listed almshouses Godstone - Godstone village centre - centred around 1972 17 The Green Godstone Green Great Farleigh Small settlement - buildings grouped around 1990 14 Green central common Kenley Battle of Britain Airfield - In December 2005 2005 15 Aerodrome the part of Kenley Airfield within Tandridge was designated a Conservation Area. In January 2006 the London Borough of Croydon designated the part within its area a Conservation Area. A joint Kenley Aerodrome Conservation Area Proposals Statement has been adopted as Supplementary Planning Guidance. Historic village centre 1972 19 Lingfield Originally designated as three areas - Gun 1972/1972 19 Pond, Church Town and High Street /1990 Oxted Historic centre of Oxted, now known as Old 1972 5 Oxted - characterised by steep, narrow road Outwood Village centred on Outwood Common and 1990 34 Grade I listed Outwood Mill Pendell Small settlement comprised of a number of 1990 22 large country houses including Grade I listed Pendell House South Park Small, isolated settlement centred on South 1990 3 Park House and St Marks Chapel Station Road Street comprised almost entirely of early 1990 2 West, Oxted 20th century 'mock Tudor' buildings, many with elaborate wood carving detail Village centre with Woldingham Green as 1990 3 Green central feature

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SA objective 4: To reduce the need to travel, encourage sustainable transport options and improve accessibility to all services and facilities

Map A.3: Settlements, Road and Rail Network in Tandridge

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Map A.4: Bus Routes and Railway Stations in Tandridge

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Figure O4.1: Number or Retail Units in Main Centres 2014 to 2017

Source: Lichfields ‘Tandridge Retail & Leisure Study Update – Final report’ (2018)

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SA objective 5: To make the best use of previously developed land and existing buildings

Figure O5.1: Tandridge Brownfield Sites Register

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Figure O5.2: Estimated value of a typical residential site 2015 (Department for Communities and Local Government):

Tandridge District Council £4,483,000 Reigate and Banstead Borough Council £4,771,000 Mole Valley District Council £4,747,000 Elmbridge Borough Council £7,081,000 Epsom and Ewell Borough Council £5,225,000 Guildford Borough Council £6,664,000 Runnymede Borough Council £4,927,000 Spelthorne Borough Council £3,876,000 Surrey Heath Borough Council £3,944,000 Waverley Borough Council £3,957,000 Woking Borough Council £6,226,000

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SA objective 6: To support economic growth which is inclusive, innovative and sustainable, and SA objective 7: To provide for employment opportunities to meet the needs of the local economy

Figure O6/7.1: Median gross annual (where available) workplace based- earnings by county, England, 2011 to 2016 (£):

Name 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Buckinghamshir 28,023 28,444 29,037 28,825 28,912 30,587 e Cambridgeshire 27,796 27,847 28,637 28,419 29,291 30,000 Cumbria 23,940 24,710 27,069 26,731 26,044 26,995 Derbyshire 23,670 24,239 24,415 24,539 24,576 25,034 Devon 22,172 22,275 23,394 23,945 24,123 25,436 Dorset 22,993 23,876 24,689 25,120 25,109 25,157 23,968 23,239 23,492 23,898 25,166 24,984 Essex 25,978 26,696 26,612 26,499 27,374 27,162 Gloucestershire 24,863 25,872 26,268 26,064 26,819 27,384 27,500 27,997 28,553 28,622 28,861 28,993 Hertfordshire 27,208 28,698 28,732 29,413 29,567 30,777 25,718 26,095 25,588 25,724 26,671 27,009 Lancashire 23,226 23,051 23,476 24,440 25,531 26,162 Leicestershire 24,722 24,821 24,862 25,156 25,193 25,919 Lincolnshire 22,077 22,227 23,120 23,048 22,990 23,875 Norfolk 23,796 24,633 24,241 24,496 25,118 26,192 Northamptonshi 24,656 24,947 25,550 24,774 24,667 25,238 re North Yorkshire 23,478 23,000 24,020 24,526 24,429 24,850 Nottinghamshir 22,179 23,102 23,708 24,052 23,603 24,578 e 28,865 28,789 29,037 29,887 30,933 31,767 Somerset 23,186 23,859 24,097 24,541 24,995 24,360 Staffordshire 23,374 23,575 25,252 24,656 24,717 25,657 Suffolk 24,786 23,704 23,968 25,000 25,476 26,208 Surrey 29,825 31,390 30,452 30,842 31,319 32,479 Warwickshire 25,888 26,325 27,026 26,457 27,068 28,516 25,731 25,795 26,636 26,046 26,691 27,894 Worcestershire 22,593 22,857 23,148 23,983 24,403 24,853 Table 3: Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

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Figure O6/7.2: Median gross annual (where available) workplace-based earnings by local authority in Surrey, 1997 to 2016 (£)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Elmbridge 31,005 32,249 32,295 31,504 33,413 34,105 Epsom and Ewell 29,593 31,657 28,305 24,319 26,962 27,805 Guildford 29,678 31,867 31,608 30,526 33,103 34,136 Mole Valley 36,485 37,436 36,078 34,781 34,313 34,474 Reigate and Banstead 31,223 32,867 30,903 30,297 32,911 33,061 Runnymede 33,156 35,377 35,558 37,025 36,342 35,658 Spelthorne 32,721 33,024 31,964 34,748 36,246 33,494 Surrey Heath 29,160 30,048 31,572 32,322 31,686 30,003 Tandridge 23,141 20,272 21,606 24,207 25,175 26,382 Waverley 25,635 26,251 26,014 26,293 26,055 28,639 Woking 23,941 25,111 24,332 23,734 25,073 32,299 Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS)

Figure O6/7.3: Economic inactivity in Tandridge (Oct 2016-Sept 2017):

Tandridge Tandridge (%) South East (%) Great Britain (Level) (%) All People Total 9500 18.0 18.8 21.9 Student * * 27.2 27.1 Looking After * * 24.7 24.3 Family/Home Temporary Sick ! ! 1.9 2.0 Long-Term Sick ! ! 17.3 21.9 Discouraged ! ! 0.3 0.4 Retired * * 15.4 13.4 Other * * 13.3 11.0 Wants a Job ! ! 24.3 23.1 Does Not Want 8500 89.0 75.7 76.9 a Job Source: ONS annual population survey # Sample size too small for reliable estimate ! Estimate is not available since sample size is disclosive Notes: numbers are for those aged 16-64. % is a proportion of those economically inactive, except total, which is a proportion of those aged 16-64

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- The economic inactivity level for 16-64 year olds in Tandridge from Oct 2016-Sept 2017 was lower than that for the South East and quite a bit (3.1%) lower than that for Great Britain.

Figure O6/7.4: Job density (2016):

Tandridge Tandridge South East Great Britain (Jobs) (Density) (Density) (Density) Jobs Density 41000 0.78 0.88 0.84 Source: ONS jobs density Notes: The density figures represent the ratio of total jobs to population aged 16-64.

Total jobs includes employees, self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces. As shown above, Tandridge has a very low job density rate when compared to the South East and Great Britain.

Figure O6/7.5: Employee Jobs (2016):

Tandridge Tandridge (%) South East (%) Great Britain (Employee Jobs) (%) Total Employee 32000 - - - Jobs Full-time 21000 65.6 67.3 67.8 Part-time 12000 37.5 32.7 32.2

Note that there were 32000 jobs in the District in 2016, yet in the same year the recorded population of the district was 86,700, with 52,500 people aged 16-64 – significantly more economically active individuals living in the District than jobs available.

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Figure O6/7.6: Employee Jobs by Industry (2016):

Tandridge Tandridge South Great (%) East (%) Britain (%) Mining and Quarrying 15 0.0 0.1 0.2 Manufacturing 1000 3.1 6.3 8.1 Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air 40 0.1 0.5 0.4 Conditioning Supply Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste 225 0.7 0.6 0.7 Management and Remediation Activities Construction 3500 10.9 5.0 4.6 Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of 4500 14.1 16.3 15.3 Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles Transportation and Storage 1250 3.9 5.1 4.9 Accommodation and Food Service 2500 7.8 6.8 7.5 Activities Information and Communication 1000 3.1 6.2 4.2 Financial and Insurance Activities 600 1.9 2.9 3.6 Real Estate Activities 700 2.2 1.9 1.6 Professional, Scientific and Technical 3000 9.4 8.9 8.6 Activities Administrative and Support Service 3500 10.9 9.2 9.0 Activities Public Administration and Defence; 500 1.6 3.1 4.3 Compulsory Social Security Education 3500 10.9 10.2 8.9 Human Health and Social Work 4500 14.1 12.0 13.3 Activities Arts, Entertainment and Recreation 1250 3.9 2.6 2.5 Other Service Activities 700 2.2 2.2 2.1 Source: ONS Business Register and Employment Survey: open access Notes: % is a proportion of total employee jobs excluding farm-based agriculture.

Employee jobs excludes self-employed, government-supported trainees and HM Forces

- Based on the ONS table above most people in the District work in ‘Wholesale and Retail Trade: Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles’ (4500) and ‘Human Health and Social Work Activities’ (4500). - 3500 people work in ‘education’ and a further 3500 in ‘manufacturing’, with just 15 working in ‘mining or quarrying’.

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Figure O6/7.7: Earnings by place of work (2017)

Gross Weekly Pay Tandridge (Pounds) South East (Pounds) Great Britain (Pounds) Full-Time Workers 536.8 574.9 552.3 Male Full-Time 553.0 621.5 594.1 Workers Female Full-Time 505.4 504.0 494.0 Workers

Hourly Pay – Excluding Overtime Full-Time Workers 12.75 14.56 13.99 Male Full-Time 12.78 15.33 14.56 Workers Female Full-Time 12.71 13.44 13.17 Workers Source: ONS annual survey of hours and earnings - workplace analysis Notes: Median earnings in pounds for employees working in the area.

- £536.80 was the median gross weekly pay of full-time workers in Tandridge in 2017. - £12.75 was the median hourly earnings for full-time workers in Tandridge in 2017.

Figure O6/7.8: Competitiveness

Gross Value Added calculations calculated below County and Unitary levels are often criticised for accuracy. Another comparative measure is competitiveness.

3 The UK Competitiveness Index has been published since 2002 on an approximate bi-annual basis by the Centre for International Competitiveness. The study undertaken by the University of Cardiff gives a statistical ranking based on a number of key measures including: economic activity, business start- ups, number of businesses, working age population with stage 4 or higher qualifications, proportion of knowledge based businesses, GVA per head, productivity, employment & unemployment rates and gross weekly pay. A total of 379 local areas are benchmarked across the 11 regions of Great Britain.

The table below shows Tandridge at 92 out of 379 local areas; although in terms of Surrey Tandridge is the lowest ranking area, also showing the greatest negative change between 2013 and 2010.

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2013 2010 Locality 2013 rank Change 2010 rank score score City of London 1 = 773.6 1 688.4 (highest) Mole Valley 11 +1 123.3 12 123.1 Spelthorne 13 +48 121.3 61 108.0 Elmbridge 20 -5 118.1 15 119.9 Waverley 21 +10 117.0 31 115.0 Guildford 22 -1 116.7 21 117.1 Epsom & 25 +23 115.7 48 110.9 Ewell Surrey 27 -1 115.4 26 116.1 Heath Reigate & 28 +14 115.2 42 111.7 Banstead Runnymede 36 -17 113.0 19 118.9 Woking 41 -9 110.9 32 114.4 Tandridge 92 -24 102.7 68 106.8 Blaenau Gwent 379 = 71.7 379 73.4 (lowest) Source: Tandridge Economic De v e l o p m e n t & Bu s i n e s s Study (2014)

Figure O6/7.9: Civil service jobs as a proportion of employee jobs (2017)

Tandridge Tandridge (%) South East (%) Great Britain (Headcount) (%) Total Civil 30 0.1 0.9 1.4 Service Jobs Full-time 30 0.1 0.7 1.1 Part-time 20 0.1 0.2 0.3 Source: ONS Annual Civil Service Employment Survey Note: Percentages based on % of total jobs in area that are civil service jobs

Figure O6/7.10: Composition of civil service jobs by sex and hours worked (2017)

Tandridge Tandridge (%) South East (%) Great Britain (Headcount) (%) Total civil 30 - - - service jobs Full-time 20 66.7 77.0 76.3 Part-time 20 66.7 23.0 23.7 Male 20 66.7 49.5 45.6 Source: ONS Annual Civil Service Employment Survey Note: Percentages based on % of total civil service jobs made up of each category

- There is a very low level of civil service jobs (0.1%) compared to the South East (0.9%) and Great Britain (1.4%).

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Figure O6/7.11 Employment by Occupational Group (%)

Source: ONS Annual Population Survey 2016

Key to occupational groups classification used by ONS

Group 1: Managers, Directors and Senior Officials Group 2: Professional Occupations Group 3: Associate Professional & Technical Occupations Group 4: Administrative and Secretarial Occupations Group 5: Skilled Trades Occupations Group 6: Caring, Leisure and Other Service Occupations

Figure O6/7.12: Indices of Multiple Deprivation (2015)

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Figure O6/7.13: Employment Sites and Status

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SA Objective 8: To remove greenhouse gas emissions and move to a low carbon economy

Figure O8.1: Allocation of total CO2 in Surrey by Source

Source: Surrey Connects ‘ A Natural Resource Balance Sheet for Surrey’

Figure O8.2: District and Borough emissions across Surrey

Source: Surrey Connects ‘ A Natural Resource Balance Sheet for Surrey’

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Figure O8.3 Tandridge: Emissions

Source: Defra

Emissions data was collected and compiled annually by Defra at a local authority level until 2013. Figure O8.3 highlights Tandridge District’s CO2 emissions from 2008 to 2013 (this is the most recent data that is available). It shows transport, followed by domestic as being the main source of CO2 emissions, but also that CO2 emissions have been declining

Figure O8.4 Surrey’s Ecological Footprint by source

Source: Surrey Connects ‘ A Natural Resource Balance Sheet for Surrey’

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Figure O8.5: Tandridge’s Ecological Footprint

The graph below gives the average per capita ecological footprint across the county; this can be further broken down to district and borough levels. Within Surrey there is a significant variation between the ecological footprints of the different districts and boroughs, these differences reflect the variance of affluence across the county and the subsequent consumption patterns.

Key: *Red highlights Surrey average (5.32gha)* *Green highlights UK average (4.65gha)*

Tandridge ranks 5th in the county with an ecological footprint of around 5.55gha.

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Map A.5: CO2 emissions across the UK

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Map A.6: Surrey’s Wind Potential

Source: Surrey Connects ‘ A Natural Resource Balance Sheet for Surrey’

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Map A.7 Surrey’s Solar Potential

Key mWh/m2/day Blue 2.56 – 2.89 Green 2.90 – 2.99 Yellow 3.00 – 3.09 Orange3.10 – 3.19 Red 3.20 – 3.29 Purple 3.30 – 3.44

Source: Surrey Connects ‘ A Natural Resource Balance Sheet for Surrey’

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Map A.8 Ground Source Heating and Cooling – BGS Screening Tool

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SA objective 9: To use natural resources prudently

Map A.9 Tandridge’s Woodland Cover

Source: National Inventory of Woodland and Trees (2002) 397

Map A.10 Surrey’s emerging Waste & Minerals Plan context

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SA objective 10: To adapt to the changing climate

Figure O10.1 Climate Change Projections for the South East

By the 2020s By the 2050s Hotter, drier summers - Average summer mean -Average summer mean temperatures to increase temperatures to increase by by 1.5oC to 1.6oC. 2.5oC to 3.1oC - Summer precipitation to -Summer precipitation to decrease by up to decrease by up to 18%. 6%. Milder, wetter winters -Average winter mean -Average winter mean temperatures to increase temperatures to increase by by 1.3oC to 1.4oC 2.0oC to 2.5oC.

-Winter precipitation to -Winter precipitation to increase by up to 7%. increase by up to 18%. More extreme events -An increase in the number of (same as 2020s): very hot days: heat waves to -An increase in the number of become more frequent. very hot days: heat waves to become more frequent -Increases in intense -Increases in intense precipitation, particularly in precipitation, particularly in winter; a greater proportion of winter; a greater proportion of rainfall to occur as heavy rainfall to occur as heavy downpours. downpours. Source – UK Climate Projections 09

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Figure O10.2 Climate change allowances (% increase in river flow)

River basin borough Allowance category Total potential change anticipated for the ‘2080s’ (2070 to 2115) South East Upper end 105% Higher central 45% Central 35% Thames Upper end 70% Higher central 35% Central 25% Source: Strategic Flood Risk Assessment 2017

Figure O10.3 Climate change allowances (% increase in peak rainfall intensity):

Allowance category Total potential change anticipated for the ‘2080s’ (2070 to 2115) England Upper end 40% Central 20% Source: Strategic Flood Risk Assessment 2017.

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SA objective 11: To reduce flood risk

Map A.11 Flood Zones 2 and 3:

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Figure O11.1 Potential Flood Alleviation Schemes (FAS) in the study area

Name Details of Scheme Lead Timeline Caterham To protect Caterham from London Borough of Bourne FAS groundwater and fluvial flooding Croydon from the Bourne. Groundwater model being developed to assist in appraisal.

Caterham Hill Surface water scheme to protect Surrey County FAS communities around Caterham Hill. Council Currently at appraisal stage. Burstow Scheme to protect residential areas Environment Construction by Stream FAS around Horley. At appraisal stage. Agency 2020/21 (Links closely with Smallfield FAS). (if shown to be economically and technically feasible)

Smallfield FAS Surface water project focused on a Surrey County tributary of Burstow Stream. Council At appraisal stage. TDC have contributed CIL funds. 1 Source: Level 1 SFRA 2015

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Map A.12: Surface Water Flooding

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SA objective 12: To improve the water quality of rivers and groundwater, and maintain an adequate supply of water

Map A.13: Water Courses in Tandridge

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Map A.14: Water Framework Directive status of receiving waterbodies

Source: Water Cycle Study 2018

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Map A.15: Location of Wastewater treatment works within or close to the Tandridge boundary

Source: Water Cycle Study 2018

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Figure O12.1 Indicative growth served by each WwTW (Realistic scenario)

WwTW Water Permitted Additional Number of Comments company Maximum housing employees DWF (Ml/d) units proposed (Realistic scenario) Burstow Thames 1.596 383 44 Crawley Thames 27.842 0 Unlikely to serve growth in Tandridge Edenbridge Southern 2.24 2 Earlswood Thames 13.334 67 47 Impact of potential (Reigate) garden village at Redhill Aerodrome should be investigated. Southern 1.312 29 850 Godstone Southern 1.202 251 714 Provision for potential (GV3 - (GV3 - 2619) garden village site 4000) (GV3) will need to be investigated further. Horley Thames 9.622 0 0 Unlikely to serve growth in Tandridge Lingfield Southern 3.656 135 20 Merstham Thames 2.522 0 0 No growth forecast, but on border of Tandridge so headroom should be investigated. Oxted Southern 4.724 503 719 Source: Water Cycle Study 2018

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Map A.16 Goundwater Source Protection Zones

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SA objective 13: To reduce land contamination and safeguard soil quality and quantity

Map A.17 Agricultural Land Quality

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SA objective 14: To ensure air quality continues to improve and noise and light pollution are reduced

Figure O13.1 Details of Tandridge District NO2 Monitoring Sites

Source: LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

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Figure O13.2 Results of Tandridge District NO2 Monitoring Sites

3 Annual Mean NO2, µg/m Site 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

TD5 34 35 30 36 36

TD7 22 22 20.5 20 20.3

TD8 23 24 18 19 20.5

TD9 23 23 18 18 20

TD14 35 35 27 30 20.1

TD19 25 25 20 21 20.5

TD23 30 29 24 25 25

TD25 22 24 20.5 21 20.1

TD26 27 27 21 25 21.5

TD27 33 36 30 33 32

TD28 32 34 27 30 30

TD30 28 30 22 24 22.3

TD31 23 23 20 21 22

TD32 25 25 22 23 23

TD33 26 30 24 25 26

TD34 24 23 21 22 21.5

TD35 31 31 28 28 34

TD36 32 30 27 25 25

TD37 25 25 22 21 21.5

TD38 29 26 23 26 26.2

TD39 - - 26 29 26.4

TD40 - - - - 35.1

Source: LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

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Figure O13.3 Monitoring Station Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

Source: LAQM Annual Status Report 2017

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SA objective 15: To protect and enhance landscape character

Map A.18 Landscape Character Areas in Tandridge District

Map 2:

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Map A.19 Landscape Designations

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Figure O13.3 Area of Landscape Designations

Hectares within Percentage of Tandridge Tandridge District Area Tandridge District Council 24,820 100% Surrey Hills AONB 2,973 12% High AONB 1,017 4.1% Area of Great Landscape Value (AGLV). – 9,760 39.3% Total including areas that are also AONB Area of AGLV that is not also designated 5,770 23.2% AONB

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SA objective 16: To conserve and enhance biodiversity

Map A.20 Designated Sites

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Map A.21 Surrey Priority (BAP) Habitats

Map A.22 Species in Surrey

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Map A.23 Ancient Woodland

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Map A.24 Biodiversity Opportunity Areas

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APPENDIX 2 – SUMMARY OF OTHER PLANS & PROJECTS CONSIDERED ‘IN-COMBINATION’

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority Crawley Crawley 2030: Crawley Identifies a minimum 5,100 new homes between 2015 – 2030. Borough Local Plan 2015 - Equates to at least 340 p/a but phased according to trajectory. 2030 (adopted December Between 23ha and 35ha of new employment land. 2015) HRA: No significant impacts identified on European sites, including the Ashdown Forest SAC/SPA alone or in combination with other plans or projects.

Croydon Croydon Local A minimum of 32,890 homes between 2016 and 2036. Plan(Adopted February 2018) An HRA Stage 1 Screening was carried out in 2015. For the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC, the HRA considered that there were no realistic pathways present.

Eastbourne Core Strategy Local Plan 5,022 dwellings by 2027 (240 pa) (2013) OAN: 520 dpa. East Sussex Local Transport Plan (LTP) HRA (2011) concluded that further amendments to wording in County 2011-2026 the LTP required before we are able to conclude that significant Council effects are unlikely. Once these amendments have been made, the LTP will be reassessed and this conclusion can be amended.

Waste and Minerals Sites The WMSP was subject to Habitats Regulation Assessment (HRA) Plan 2017 screening, both in terms of the proposed waste sites and policies within the Plan. Details of the HRA screening were included in the site profiles of the plan. Several sites identified as needing project level HRA screening should they come forward for development.

Elmbridge Core Strategy (Adopted The Core Strategy plans for approximately 3,375 net additional 2011) dwellings (225 net dwellings annual average) within the Borough between 2011 and 2026. Development Management Plan Adopted 2015 OAN: 9,480 (2015-2035) 474 p/a. (Source: SHMA 2016)

New Local Plan underwent An HRA of 'Settlement Investment and Development Plans' was Strategic Options undertaken in March 2013. It noted that Mole Gap to Reigate Consultation that ended in Escarpment was 4km from the Borough boundary, but February 2017. concluded that were no additional impacts to that identified in the Appropriate Assessment from the Core Strategy and there were no likelihood in-combination effects.

A Habitats Regulations Assessment Stage 1: Initial Screening Report for the 'Spatial Strategy Options' was undertaken in November 2016. This was inconclusive regarding LSE and 420

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority indicated the need to update the report at later stages to enable a more detailed assessment of likely impacts to be undertaken before deciding if adverse effects remain and need to proceed to Stage 2: Appropriate Assessment.

Epsom and Core Strategy (Adopted Provides for 181 homes per annum or 3,620 dwellings between Ewell 2007) 2006 and 2026. HRA concluded that Core Strategy would not have an impact on Natura 2000 sites due to separation distances from the borough, growth locations, and mitigation/avoidance Submission draft measures included in the plan. Development Management Plan 2018 Submission Draft Development Management Plan 2018 requirement of 7,106 new homes up to 2032 - *418 new homes each year from 2015 to 2032. Site locations not yet confirmed.

OAN: 8,352 (2015-2035) 418 p/a (Source: SHMA June 2016)

Greater The London Plan 2016 The Plan establishes a minimum 10 year housing target 2015- London 2025 across all London Boroughs of 423,887. This includes the Authority following:

Bromley: 6,413 Croydon: 14,348 Kingston-upon-Thames: 7,330 Merton: 4,107 Richmond-upon-Thames: 3,150 Sutton: 3,626

The Plan's Key Diagram identifies the broad Wandle Valley- a planning and investment corridor of city region importance connecting from Wandsworth through Croydon and down to Gatwick Airport and Crawley. Although the boundary of the Wandle Valley is non-specific, logically this would connect down the M23 through Tandridge District.

A draft new London Plan was published for consultation in December 2017 to March 2018. It has the following 10 year housing targets to 2029:

Bromley: 14,240 (1,424 p/a) Croydon: 29,490 (2,949 p/a) Kingston-upon-Thames: 13,640 (1,364 p/a) Merton: 13,280 (1,328 p/a) Richmond-upon-Thames: 8,110 (811p/a) Sutton: 9,390 (939p/a)

A Draft HRA (November 2017) was included alongside the consultation. It noted the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC is just over 5km from Greater London at its closest. 421

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority The HRA concluded that ‘Since it is not a conveniently situated site for casual recreational visits for most Londoners, and London (particularly the boroughs closest to the SAC) has a large amount of its own high quality recreational natural greenspace, recreational pressure from the new London Plan is unlikely to arise either alone or in combination.’ Regarding air quality, the HRA concluded that the draft London Plan contains fourteen policies that either make reference to improving air quality in London (other than greenhouse gases which are not directly relevant to impacts on European sites), or which will improve air quality via their delivery, demonstrating a strong commitment to improve air quality within the Greater London Authority boundary. Whilst it is noted that the aim is in general to improve air quality from a public health perspective, any improvement in air quality will have a positive knock-on- effect to European designated sites that are sensitive to atmospheric pollution.

Guildford Local Plan 2003 2003 policy on housing provision no longer being applied; interim housing target of 322. Proposed Submission Local Plan 2018 2018 Submission Plan: 12,426 homes are planned over the Plan period 2015-2034. Staggered as follows:

36,100 to 43,700sqm of office and R&D floorspace, 3.7-4.1ha of industrial floorspace, 41,000sqm of comparison retail floorspace, 4 gypsy and traveller pitches and 4 travelling show people plots.

OAN: 693 p/a to 2033 (Source; 2015 SHMA)

An HRA (2016) was published to support the Proposed Submission Local Plan: strategy and sites (2016). This has been updated to take account of changes in the Proposed Submission Local Plan: strategy and sites (2017). It focused upon issues related to the Thames Basin Heaths SPA and does not refer to other international sites.

Horsham Planning The Horsham District Planning Framework (HDPF), with the Framework (Adopted exception of land within South Downs National Park, replaces 422

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority November 2015) policies contained in the Horsham District Core Strategy and General Development Control Policies adopted in 2007.

The HDPF proposes 16,000 new homes over the plan period 2011 – 2013. It includes a general policy protecting nature conservation designated sites.

The HRA concluded that, taking into account proposed avoidance and mitigation measures the plan will not have an adverse effect on site integrity of any European site, alone or in combination with other plans or projects.

Kingston- Kingston Core Strategy Adopted in April 2012 Provision of 5625 homes between 2012 upon- (adopted 2012). and 2027. 50000 sq.m of retail floorspace. Will be replaced by Thames the Kingston Local Plan 2019 – 2041.

Draft London Plan Consultation 1 December 2017 – 2 March 2018

Kingston 2019/20 – 2028/29 = 13,640. Per annum=1,364

Core Strategy - Potential for impact on Natura 2000 sites from recreational pressures and air pollution, however taking into account the location of most growth and measures to reduce air pollution the Plan is unlikely - either alone or in combination - to have a significant impact on these sites Lewes Core Strategy (Adopted The Core Strategy identifies 6,900 homes between 2010 and 2016) 2030, mostly distributed away from northern rural area nearest to Ashdown Forest.

Mid Sussex Plan An average of 876 new homes per year until 2023/24. An 2014-2031 Adopted 2018 average of 1,090 new home per year between 2024/5 and 2030/31 subject to no further harm to the integrity of the Ashdown Forest. 23 additional traveller pitches. 25ha business park

The HRA concluded ‘No adverse impact on Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC’.

Adverse effects resulting from atmospheric pollution are not considered likely for the Ashdown Forest SAC. Disturbance impacts are assessed as potentially affecting the Ashdown Forest SPA, however, they are considered to be adequately avoided and mitigated by the District Plan via the implementation of SANG.’

Mole Valley Core Strategy 2009 (2006- Stipulates 3,760 homes, 6-7 additional traveller pitches, 2026) 2800sqm of new convenience retail floorspace to be delivered in Submission draft 423

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority Development Management the plan period 2006 and 2026. Plan 2018 OAN: 7,814 (2015-2035) 391 p/a (Source: SHMA June 2016).

The Plan Introduced policy (CS15) to protect Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC and seeks to prevent development within 800m of the site, unless the effect of development can be mitigated.

An HRA was undertaken in 2008. It concluded that, with measures put in place as part of the preparation and adoption of the Core Strategy, the Plan, in-combination with others, would not have a significant in-combination impact on the Natura 2000 Sites.

No change to plan since adoption of the Core Strategy. Regulation 18 consultation document for revised local plan has been consulted on, but scale/location of development has not been finalised.

Reigate and Core Strategy (2012-2027) The Core Strategy identified 6,900 homes to be delivered (460 Banstead adopted in 2014. homes per year). It introduced a policy to assist in the protection of the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC.

Most of housing is to be delivered in existing urban areas, with some to be delivered on urban extensions away from close proximity to Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC.

An HRA Summary was published in March 2014. Supporting HRA was prepared for the submission stage (May 2012); an update was then published alongside the Core Strategy Further Amendments (Dec 2012). It considered both the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment and the Ashdown Forest but concluded that the Core Strategy, alone and in combination with other plans and projects, would have no adverse impact on the integrity of Natura 2000 sites.

Rother Core Strategy 2011 – 2028 Identifies 5,700 new dwellings over the plan period 2011 – 2028. (adopted September 2014) The accompanying HRA screened out the Ashdown Forest SAC Part 2: ‘Development and due to the distance from the boundary of the District and Site Allocations Plan’ distance from settlements identified as suitable for development submission expected in within the Plan. 2018. Reg 18 consultation undertaken December 2016 to January 2017. Core Strategy (2006-2026) The Core Strategy identifies 3,300 homes to be delivered throughout the plan period. The A&DMP indicates 4,732 likely Allocations and to be delivered during the plan period. 424

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority Development Management Plan (A&DMP) (Adopted Their current objectively assessed need (OAN) is 12,400 new Feb 2015) homes.

Sevenoaks are in the process of preparing a new Local Plan from 2015 to 2035. They consulted on their Regulation 18 in August/September 2017 and are preparing to consult on another Regulation 18 in July/August 2018.

An HRA of the Local Plan 2015-2035 Issues and Options Consultation was published in August 2017. It considers the impacts of various Local Plan growth options. For the Ashdown Forest, it suggests a 7-9km zone for recreational pressure. For air quality it suggests that due to the distances involved and the relatively small number of journeys to work from Sevenoaks south to Ashdown Forest, even a large quantum of new growth in the District may not have much effect on daily traffic flows through the SPA/SAC, but recommends further modelling and analysis of the anticipated Local Plan air quality impact is undertaken in combination with neighbouring authorities.

South Submission South Downs Total Housing 4,977 (2014 – 2033) Downs Local Plan (April 2018) National HRA 2018: On Ashdown Forest SAC/SPA cited Ashdown Forest Park working group as a safeguard, noting ‘The shared objective of Authority the working group is to ensure that impacts on the Ashdown Forest are properly assessed through HRA and that, if required, a joint action plan is put in place should such a need arise. It should be noted that the absence of any need for ‘mitigation’ associated with future growth in a particular authority does not prevent the various Ashdown Forest authorities cooperatively working together to do whatever they jointly consider appropriate in reducing traffic and improving nitrogen deposition etc. around the Forest as a matter of general good stewardship. This would also enable future trends in air quality to be tracked and the modelling (and responses to that modelling) to be updated as necessary. The aforementioned working group would be a suitable forum for this cooperative working.’ Surrey Surrey Waste Plan 2018 Identifies Strategic Waste Site Allocation in the District – Land at County Lambs Business Park, Terra Cotta Road, South Godstone Council Draft plan consultation (considered in Air Quality Impact Assessments for Mole Gap to (Regulation 18) November Reigate Escarpment and Ashdown Forest) 2017 to February 2018. SCC HRA: Possible effects identified on Natura 2000 sites from thermal processing emissions, traffic emissions, dust, land take, water discharge, pest and predators and litter. Concludes that proposed developments were unlikely to result in harmful

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Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority impact and that the Plan would not have any alone or in- combination effects on European sites. Surrey Minerals Plan 2011 No adverse impact on the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment identified. Surrey Aggregates The Plan would not give rise to any significant effects on the Recycling Joint DPD 2013 condition and integrity of Natura 2000 sites

Local Transport Plan 2014 Objective of securing reliable transport network and promoting sustainable transport options. The Plan would not give rise to any significant effects on the condition and integrity of Natura 2000 sites

Sutton Local Plan Adopted 2018 The target is to deliver at least 6,405 new homes over the plan period 2016-2031 (427 new homes per year). At least 10 ha for industrial uses, 23,000sqm office floorspace, 36,000 retail floorspace and 10,000sq gross for leisure uses.

No policies specifically relate to the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC or to international designated sites. No likely significant effects on European sites identified. NE agreed no impact upon the designated sites as there isn’t a direct impact pathway due to the distances involved. Tunbridge Core Strategy 2010 Adopted Core Strategy figure is 300 pa. Wells Site Allocations Local Plan The latest OAN is for 648 dwellings per annum, or 12,960 over 20 (adopted July 2016) years (2013 – 2033).

Producing a new Local Plan up to 2033 to replace existing Local Plan 2006, Core Strategy and Development Plan Documents. Waverley Local Plan (Adopted Feb Provision of 11,210 new homes between 2013 and 2032. 2018) Traveller target tbc. At least 16,000sqm of office/R&D space.

A Part 1 HRA was published in 2016 which noted that the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC lies approximately 11km from Waverley Borough at its closest point, which is the popular tourist spot of Box Hill, north of Dorking. It commented that the SAC is relatively easy to access from settlements including Godalming and Cranleigh and that the SAC lies within the typical distance over which visitors will travel to reach a countryside site for a day visit. As the SAC is sensitive to recreational pressure, the issue was screened in within supporting text. However the overall conclusion that the Waverley Borough Local Plan Part 1 (Strategic Policies and Sites) will have no adverse effect on the integrity of any European sites, within or beyond the borough boundary, either alone or in combination with other plans and 426

Local Local Plan(s) Main Matters of Relevance Authority projects. For air quality, the HRA noted that Policy MT1 (Sustainable Transport) would mitigate by minimising atmospheric pollution and improve air quality, and concluded that there will be no residual likely significant effects on the Mole Gap to Reigate Escarpment SAC.

Wealden Core Strategy (2006-2027) The Core Strategy had a housing target of 9,440 homes by 2027. 32 additional traveller pitches. 40,000sqm employment New Local Plan 2013-2028. floorspace. The New Local Plan identifies 11,456 dwellings, 7,392 The Proposed Submission granted planning permission therefore the draft Proposed Plan will be published for the Local Plan Sub Submission Local Plan provides for an extra 4,064 built by 2028. Committee which is Policy WCS12 proposed specific policy on protection of Ashdown scheduled for 5th July Forest. This had the effect of preventing development within 2018. 7km of the forest until adequate mitigation was in place. This policy was quashed by a Court of Appeal judgement on procedural error relating to the SEA regulations. A similar policy will be applied in the interim, however.

Ashdown Forest SAC/SPA lies within . Historic studies into transport and air quality impacts on development upon Ashdown Forest have been coordinated by Wealden District Council.

WDC is currently updating the Wealden District Council Air Quality and Ecology report to inform the Appropriate Assessment and the Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) in order to deliver an updated Wealden Local Plan by the end of June for consideration at the Full Council meeting on 18 July 2018.

Woking Core Strategy October 4,964 (292p/a) dwellings between 2010 and 2027. 2012. OAN: 517 p/a to 2033 (Source; 2015 SHMA) Draft Site Allocations DPD HRA (Dec 2016): Woking Site Allocations DPD not been fully 2017 screened out as having no likelihood of leading to significant Development Management adverse effects on European sites, for the following reason: Policies DPD Recreational Pressure on Thames Basin Heaths SPA.

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Council Offices, 8 Station Road East, Oxted, Surrey RH8 0BT [email protected] www.tandridge.gov.uk Tel: 01883 722000