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Prior to December 12Th Caused the Soil to Become Very Dry And prior to December 12th caused the soil ies of storms are bringing welcome to become very dry and considerable rains to Southern California.—Claude irrigation was necessary before that A. Cole, U. S. Weather Bureau, Fruit- date. On December 30 to Jan. 1, Frost Service, Azusa, Calif. District there occurred a storm which shat- (excerpts from Supplemental Re- tered records of heavy rain of many port, Season of 1933-34). years' standing and did many thou- The mildness of Oregon's weather sands of dollars of damage to the in contrast to the severity of New citrus industry in this district, as well England's in the same latitude, led as other sections, particularly to the the Portland Oregonian to philoso- westward of the San Gabriel Valley. phize on the "small wonder that the The total precipitation for the storm pioneers came West," to which the was 16.33 inches at Azusa and Boston Transcript retorts: "The Ore- amounts ranging from 10 to 16 inch- gonians are becoming enervated by es elsewhere in this section. their soft climate. If the hardy pion- The rains of the winter were warm eers who went West had not been and but little snow has been deposited toughened by chilly weather like that in the mountains. As the season of ours of a week or two ago there closes at the end of February, a ser- would have been no Oregon. SIDELIGHTS ON THE COLD WINTER IN THE EAST Compiled by CHARLES F. BROOKS Though warm weather has re- The waters gathered in the short turned there are some features of the streams of southern New England, winter of 1933-34, necessarily omitted and the Charles on the 7th reached from the general article by C. H. its highest stage in many years. Cold Pierce, in the March BULLETIN, which weather again however, held some of may still be of interest. The human the waters, and not until April did effects of a cold winter in the eastern the main floods of the longer rivers, United States were surprising, yet in and those of northern New England, general much the same as in other come from the melting of the great severe winters. Accounts of the win- accumulations of snow. ter of 1917-18,1 which averaged much Iced ducks and highways.—When colder than the past winter and was tropical air overran a layer of very cold over more of the East, though cold polar air over New York and also very warm in the West, could New England, Dec. 15, rain made almost be taken for that of 1933-34. glaze so rapidly that ducks dropped The similarity holds even with re- from the sky at Worcester, their spect to the suddenness with which feathers covered with ice. One died, the winter ended. With the begin- the other was picked up and taken ning of March, 1934, the temperature indoors where its ice soon melted and rose rapidly and for a week there it was fed. Motorists found hilly was a great thaw, with the maximum highways unnavigable, so smooth and temperature at Boston reaching 63°F. hard was the ice, and a traffic delay of some 3 hours occurred on the New- 1 C. F. Brooks, The "old-fashioned" winter of 1917-18, Geogr. Rev., May, 1918, v. 5, pp. 405- buryport turnpike, part of U. S. 414; and Science, June 7, 1918, N.S. v. 47, Route 1, till it could be heavily sand- pp. 565-566. P. C. Day, The cold winter of 1917-18. Mo. ed throughout. One baker bound for Weather Rev., Dec., 1918, v. 46, pp. 570-580, 4 figs, 24 charts. Boston, sold out to the other stalled Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/06/21 10:06 AM UTC May Bulletin American Meteorological Society 145 motorists and was saved the trip. 39° 15' N, long. 62° 10' W. The wind There were an "unprecedented" num- was NNW, force 4 and drove the ber of accidents, skidding automobiles spout with it toward the south-south- being responsible for 3 deaths and east at about 15 knots. The air tem- numerous injuries in New England. perature was 40 and the intake water Eight more weather deaths followed, 73°F. There were snow-squalls about. Dec. 16-17. Reports in the Mo. The pressure was 30.24 inches.—A. Weather Rev., for Dec., 1933, p. 376, Bryde of Panaman motor ship Wink- indicate that in New York City there ler, in Hydro g. Bull., Jan. 10, 1934. were 3 deaths, and all railroad and Well-defined spouts were observed by motor service was interrupted. Serv- C. L. Cluett on the same date 200 ice was abandoned on some elevated miles to the north from the American lines. Trenton, N. J., reported 6 per- steamer Washington (lat. 42° 11', sons seriously injured. Scranton, Pa., long. 62° 10'), where the air tempera- had dangerous streets and highways, ture was 28-30. The spouts were on Buffalo experienced much traffic de- the front of a heavy snowsquall.— lay and numerous accidents; and sim- Hydrog. Bull., Dec. 6, 1933. ilar conditions in Wisconsin, Dec. 14, The invasion of the tropics by the killed one person and injured 24 in polar continental air of December Milwaukee, of which 9 were in auto- produced waterspouts on the 12th and mobile accidents and 15 from falls. the 27th over the Gulf Stream. The Strong winds blew ice-laden wires principal one observed the 12th, in down. lat. 30° 26' N, long. 74° 54' W, passed Polar front tornado.—As polar air over the forward part of the Italian displaced the tropical, a tornado ship Maria within 15 feet of the formed near Shreveport, La., killing 4 bridge, without bursting. It was and injuring 19 people. At one plan- about 60 feet in diameter. "Heavy tation three negro cabins were blown water and spray rotating clockwise away with such force that the ground from the sea to a height of about 80 was left bare. An A.P. dispatch quot- feet covered the forward part of the ing Dr. L. T. Baker, says: ship for about 1 minute. The spout continued then in a southerly direc- "the Negroes didn't have any warn- ing of the tornado. They were stand- tion disappearing in about 1% hours. ing or sitting around in their homes There were several other spouts on one minute and the next minute the the eastern horizon from 6 to 8 miles storm had passed, their homes and possessions had vanished and they away. The sky was overcast; cumu- were wondering what it was all about. lo-nimbus; wind NW., force 3; sea Three or four of the less seriously in- temperature 74° F., of the air (dry jured were stripped of their clothes bulb 68° F. and (wet) 65° F.—Hy- by the wind and left stark naked." drog. Bull., Feb. 14, 1934. Polar front tornodoes on Feb. 25 On the 27th another spout was ob- took two score lives in the South. served almost at the same spot, lat. Polar front waterspouts.—The cold 30° 09' N, long. 74° 24' W, by O. Do- waves of the past winter were prolif- scher, of the German ship Kattegat, ic sources of waterspouts over the for 17 minutes. When the spout was tropical waters of the Atlantic. Near nearest the ship the wind shifted the front of the record-breaking cold from N to NNE and the temperature mass of mid-November a small wa- fell six degrees.—Hydrog. Bull., Jan. terspout formed on Nov. 17 in lat. 31, 1934. At the same time as this Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/06/21 10:06 AM UTC waterspout, five others in a bunch published in the Meteorologische were sighted from the American ship Zeitschrift, in October, 1931. ."— Texas in lat. 25° 32', long. 79° 39', C. F. Talman, in Why the Weather ? (S.S.), Jan. 4, 1934. several hundred miles southwest of the first. F. B. Tymoszko reports The snowstorm and cold wind of that all were rotating counterclock- Dec. 26-28, before the severe cold wise. wave struck, claimed 23 lives in New England, from heart-failure due to On the arrival of the Pastores in over-exertion, from traffic and coast- New York, Mar. 12, Capt. W. J. Close ing accidents, from exploding oil told of having to zig-zag his ship to stoves, from freezing, and from avoid numerous waterspouts off the drowning at sea. Twelve more suc- Delaware Capes. He saw a dozen at cumbed on the cold 29th, and nearly one time, while Dr. John H. Cunning- 2000 were treated for frostbite at ham, of Boston, said he had counted hospitals in Boston. Then four more a total of three dozen.—A. P. died, mostly on account of traffic ac- Snow rollers again.—After a two- cidents in a sudden thaw. When inch fall of soft, moist snow which frozen sprinkler systems in New covered the ground evenly Dec. 18, at York thawed, the fire department an- Howe, Ind., and vicinity, people were swered 128 false alarms in one day. called to their windows during the "Vapor."—Ships at sea were not evening by the sound of a sudden only weighed down with tons and tons gale of wind. Where there was suf- of frozen spray, but also had to pro- ficient light watchers were astonished ceed slowly in the bitter cold fog that to see on every side snowballs rolling rose like steam from the cold though along apparently of their own voli- relatively warm water.
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