NVIDIA Quadro Technical Specifications
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CUDA by Example
CUDA by Example AN INTRODUCTION TO GENERAL-PURPOSE GPU PROGRAMMING JASON SaNDERS EDWARD KANDROT Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Sanders_book.indb 3 6/12/10 3:15:14 PM Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. NVIDIA makes no warranty or representation that the techniques described herein are free from any Intellectual Property claims. The reader assumes all risk of any such claims based on his or her use of these techniques. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales [email protected] Visit us on the Web: informit.com/aw Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sanders, Jason. -
The Intro to GPGPU CPU Vs
12/12/11! The Intro to GPGPU . Dr. Chokchai (Box) Leangsuksun, PhD! Louisiana Tech University. Ruston, LA! ! CPU vs. GPU • CPU – Fast caches – Branching adaptability – High performance • GPU – Multiple ALUs – Fast onboard memory – High throughput on parallel tasks • Executes program on each fragment/vertex • CPUs are great for task parallelism • GPUs are great for data parallelism Supercomputing 20082 Education Program 1! 12/12/11! CPU vs. GPU - Hardware • More transistors devoted to data processing CUDA programming guide 3.1 3 CPU vs. GPU – Computation Power CUDA programming guide 3.1! 2! 12/12/11! CPU vs. GPU – Memory Bandwidth CUDA programming guide 3.1! What is GPGPU ? • General Purpose computation using GPU in applications other than 3D graphics – GPU accelerates critical path of application • Data parallel algorithms leverage GPU attributes – Large data arrays, streaming throughput – Fine-grain SIMD parallelism – Low-latency floating point (FP) computation © David Kirk/NVIDIA and Wen-mei W. Hwu, 2007! ECE 498AL, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign! 3! 12/12/11! Why is GPGPU? • Large number of cores – – 100-1000 cores in a single card • Low cost – less than $100-$1500 • Green computing – Low power consumption – 135 watts/card – 135 w vs 30000 w (300 watts * 100) • 1 card can perform > 100 desktops 12/14/09!– $750 vs 50000 ($500 * 100) 7 Two major players 4! 12/12/11! Parallel Computing on a GPU • NVIDIA GPU Computing Architecture – Via a HW device interface – In laptops, desktops, workstations, servers • Tesla T10 1070 from 1-4 TFLOPS • AMD/ATI 5970 x2 3200 cores • NVIDIA Tegra is an all-in-one (system-on-a-chip) ATI 4850! processor architecture derived from the ARM family • GPU parallelism is better than Moore’s law, more doubling every year • GPGPU is a GPU that allows user to process both graphics and non-graphics applications. -
Real-Time Rendering Techniques with Hardware Tessellation
Volume 34 (2015), Number x pp. 0–24 COMPUTER GRAPHICS forum Real-time Rendering Techniques with Hardware Tessellation M. Nießner1 and B. Keinert2 and M. Fisher1 and M. Stamminger2 and C. Loop3 and H. Schäfer2 1Stanford University 2University of Erlangen-Nuremberg 3Microsoft Research Abstract Graphics hardware has been progressively optimized to render more triangles with increasingly flexible shading. For highly detailed geometry, interactive applications restricted themselves to performing transforms on fixed geometry, since they could not incur the cost required to generate and transfer smooth or displaced geometry to the GPU at render time. As a result of recent advances in graphics hardware, in particular the GPU tessellation unit, complex geometry can now be generated on-the-fly within the GPU’s rendering pipeline. This has enabled the generation and displacement of smooth parametric surfaces in real-time applications. However, many well- established approaches in offline rendering are not directly transferable due to the limited tessellation patterns or the parallel execution model of the tessellation stage. In this survey, we provide an overview of recent work and challenges in this topic by summarizing, discussing, and comparing methods for the rendering of smooth and highly-detailed surfaces in real-time. 1. Introduction Hardware tessellation has attained widespread use in computer games for displaying highly-detailed, possibly an- Graphics hardware originated with the goal of efficiently imated, objects. In the animation industry, where displaced rendering geometric surfaces. GPUs achieve high perfor- subdivision surfaces are the typical modeling and rendering mance by using a pipeline where large components are per- primitive, hardware tessellation has also been identified as a formed independently and in parallel. -
Extending the Graphics Pipeline with Adaptive, Multi-Rate Shading
Extending the Graphics Pipeline with Adaptive, Multi-Rate Shading Yong He Yan Gu Kayvon Fatahalian Carnegie Mellon University Abstract compute capability as a primary mechanism for improving the qual- ity of real-time graphics. Simply put, to scale to more advanced Due to complex shaders and high-resolution displays (particularly rendering effects and to high-resolution outputs, future GPUs must on mobile graphics platforms), fragment shading often dominates adopt techniques that perform shading calculations more efficiently the cost of rendering in games. To improve the efficiency of shad- than the brute-force approaches used today. ing on GPUs, we extend the graphics pipeline to natively support techniques that adaptively sample components of the shading func- In this paper, we enable high-quality shading at reduced cost on tion more sparsely than per-pixel rates. We perform an extensive GPUs by extending the graphics pipeline’s fragment shading stage study of the challenges of integrating adaptive, multi-rate shading to natively support techniques that adaptively sample aspects of the into the graphics pipeline, and evaluate two- and three-rate imple- shading function more sparsely than per-pixel rates. Specifically, mentations that we believe are practical evolutions of modern GPU our extensions allow different components of the pipeline’s shad- designs. We design new shading language abstractions that sim- ing function to be evaluated at different screen-space rates and pro- plify development of shaders for this system, and design adaptive vide mechanisms for shader programs to dynamically determine (at techniques that use these mechanisms to reduce the number of in- fine screen granularity) which computations to perform at which structions performed during shading by more than a factor of three rates. -
Graphics Pipeline and Rasterization
Graphics Pipeline & Rasterization Image removed due to copyright restrictions. MIT EECS 6.837 – Matusik 1 How Do We Render Interactively? • Use graphics hardware, via OpenGL or DirectX – OpenGL is multi-platform, DirectX is MS only OpenGL rendering Our ray tracer © Khronos Group. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 2 How Do We Render Interactively? • Use graphics hardware, via OpenGL or DirectX – OpenGL is multi-platform, DirectX is MS only OpenGL rendering Our ray tracer © Khronos Group. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. • Most global effects available in ray tracing will be sacrificed for speed, but some can be approximated 3 Ray Casting vs. GPUs for Triangles Ray Casting For each pixel (ray) For each triangle Does ray hit triangle? Keep closest hit Scene primitives Pixel raster 4 Ray Casting vs. GPUs for Triangles Ray Casting GPU For each pixel (ray) For each triangle For each triangle For each pixel Does ray hit triangle? Does triangle cover pixel? Keep closest hit Keep closest hit Scene primitives Pixel raster Scene primitives Pixel raster 5 Ray Casting vs. GPUs for Triangles Ray Casting GPU For each pixel (ray) For each triangle For each triangle For each pixel Does ray hit triangle? Does triangle cover pixel? Keep closest hit Keep closest hit Scene primitives It’s just a different orderPixel raster of the loops! -
Graphics Pipeline
Graphics Pipeline What is graphics API ? • A low-level interface to graphics hardware • OpenGL About 120 commands to specify 2D and 3D graphics Graphics API and Graphics Pipeline OS independent Efficient Rendering and Data transfer Event Driven Programming OpenGL What it isn’t: A windowing program or input driver because How many of you have programmed in OpenGL? How extensively? OpenGL GLUT: window management, keyboard, mouse, menue GLU: higher level library, complex objects How does it work? Primitives: drawing a polygon From the implementor’s perspective: geometric objects properties: color… pixels move camera and objects around graphics pipeline Primitives Build models in appropriate units (microns, meters, etc.). Primitives Rotate From simple shapes: triangles, polygons,… Is it Convert to + material Translate 3D to 2D visible? pixels properties Scale Primitives 1 Primitives: drawing a polygon Primitives: drawing a polygon • Put GL into draw-polygon state glBegin(GL_POLYGON); • Send it the points making up the polygon glVertex2f(x0, y0); glVertex2f(x1, y1); glVertex2f(x2, y2) ... • Tell it we’re finished glEnd(); Primitives Primitives Triangle Strips Polygon Restrictions Minimize number of vertices to be processed • OpenGL Polygons must be simple • OpenGL Polygons must be convex (a) simple, but not convex TR1 = p0, p1, p2 convex TR2 = p1, p2, p3 Strip = p0, p1, p2, p3, p4,… (b) non-simple 9 10 Material Properties: Color Primitives: Material Properties • glColor3f (r, g, b); Red, green & blue color model color, transparency, reflection -
3Dfx Oral History Panel Gordon Campbell, Scott Sellers, Ross Q. Smith, and Gary M. Tarolli
3dfx Oral History Panel Gordon Campbell, Scott Sellers, Ross Q. Smith, and Gary M. Tarolli Interviewed by: Shayne Hodge Recorded: July 29, 2013 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X6887.2013 © 2013 Computer History Museum 3dfx Oral History Panel Shayne Hodge: OK. My name is Shayne Hodge. This is July 29, 2013 at the afternoon in the Computer History Museum. We have with us today the founders of 3dfx, a graphics company from the 1990s of considerable influence. From left to right on the camera-- I'll let you guys introduce yourselves. Gary Tarolli: I'm Gary Tarolli. Scott Sellers: I'm Scott Sellers. Ross Smith: Ross Smith. Gordon Campbell: And Gordon Campbell. Hodge: And so why don't each of you take about a minute or two and describe your lives roughly up to the point where you need to say 3dfx to continue describing them. Tarolli: All right. Where do you want us to start? Hodge: Birth. Tarolli: Birth. Oh, born in New York, grew up in rural New York. Had a pretty uneventful childhood, but excelled at math and science. So I went to school for math at RPI [Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute] in Troy, New York. And there is where I met my first computer, a good old IBM mainframe that we were just talking about before [this taping], with punch cards. So I wrote my first computer program there and sort of fell in love with computer. So I became a computer scientist really. So I took all their computer science courses, went on to Caltech for VLSI engineering, which is where I met some people that influenced my career life afterwards. -
GV-3D1-7950-RH Geforce™ 7950 GX2 Graphics Accelerator
GV-3D1-7950-RH GeForce™ 7950 GX2 Graphics Accelerator User's Manual Rev. 101 12MD-3D17950R-101R * The WEEE marking on the product indicates this product must not be disposed of with user's other household waste and must be handed over to a designated collection point for the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment!! * The WEEE marking applies only in European Union's member states. Copyright © 2006 GIGABYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD Copyright by GIGA-BYTE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. ("GBT"). No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without the expressed, written permission of GBT. Trademarks Third-party brands and names are the property of their respective owners. Notice Please do not remove any labels on VGA card, this may void the warranty of this VGA card. Due to rapid change in technology, some of the specifications might be out of date before publication of this booklet. The author assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions that may appear in this document nor does the author make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Macrovision corporation product notice: This product incorporates copyright protection technology that is protected by U.S. patents and other intellectual property rights. Use of this copyright protection technology must be authorized by Macrovision, and is intended for home and other limited viewing uses only unless otherwise authorized by Macrovision. Reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited. Table of Contents English 1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 1.1. Features ..................................................................................................... 3 1.2. Minimum system requirements ..................................................................... 3 2. Hardware Installation ........................................................................... 4 2.1. -
CPU-GPU Hybrid Real Time Ray Tracing Framework
Volume 0 (1981), Number 0 pp. 1–8 CPU-GPU Hybrid Real Time Ray Tracing Framework S.Beck , A.-C. Bernstein , D. Danch and B. Fröhlich Lehrstuhl für Systeme der Virtuellen Realität, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany Abstract We present a new method in rendering complex 3D scenes at reasonable frame-rates targeting on Global Illumi- nation as provided by a Ray Tracing algorithm. Our approach is based on some new ideas on how to combine a CPU-based fast Ray Tracing algorithm with the capabilities of todays programmable GPUs and its powerful feed-forward-rendering algorithm. We call this approach CPU-GPU Hybrid Real Time Ray Tracing Framework. As we will show, a systematic analysis of the generations of rays of a Ray Tracer leads to different render-passes which map either to the GPU or to the CPU. Indeed all camera rays can be processed on the graphics card, and hardware accelerated shadow mapping can be used as a pre-step in calculating precise shadow boundaries within a Ray Tracer. Our arrangement of the resulting five specialized render-passes combines a fast Ray Tracer located on a multi-processing CPU with the capabilites of a modern graphics card in a new way and might be a starting point for further research. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Ray Tracing, Global Illumination, OpenGL, Hybrid CPU GPU 1. Introduction Ray Tracer can compute every pixel of an image separately Within the last years prospects in computer-graphics are in parallel which is done in clusters and render-farms and growing and the aim of high-quality rendering and natural- shortens render time. -
Club 3D Geforce 6800 GS Pcie Brute Rendering Force
Club 3D GeForce 6800 GS PCIe Brute rendering force... Introduction: The Club-3D GeForce 6800 GS is Pure Graphics Power for exceptional sharp pricing. This the right hardware to play your games with optimal qual- ity settings and high frame rates. With the Club 3D CyberLink PowerPack 6800 GS you have the correct 3D technology to play your games with all features enabled. Experience all the advanced and impressive shader effects that will present you light effects you have never seen before. The implemented SM3.0 technology creates exceptional natural environments, movements and colors. Order Information: • Club 3D 6800 GS 256MB : CGNX-GS686 Collin McRae 2005 DVD Product Positioning: • High Performance market • Game Enthousiast • LAN Enthousiast Extended Video Cable Specifications: Features: System requirements Item code: CGNX-GS686 • NVIDIA® CineFX™ 3.0 Technology • Intel® Pentium® or AMD™ Athlon™ • Full support for DirectX® 9.0 • 128MB of system memory Format: PCIe • NVIDIA® UltraShadow™ II Technology • Mainboard with free PCIe (x16) slot Engine Clock: 425MHz • 64-Bit Texture Filtering and Blending • CD-ROM drive for software installation Memory Clock: 1000MHz • VertexShaders 3.0 • 350Watt or greater Power Supply Memory: 256MB GDDR3 • PixelShaders 3.0 • 400Watt or greater when configured Memory Bus: 256 bit • Up to 16x Anisotropic Filtering in SLi nVidia Driver/E-manual Pixel Pipelines: 12 • Up to 6x Multi Sampling Anti Aliasing • Support for unlimited shader lengths Operating System Support RAMDAC: 2x 400MHz • DVI digital resolution up -
Powervr Hardware Architecture Overview for Developers
Public Imagination Technologies PowerVR Hardware Architecture Overview for Developers Public. This publication contains proprietary information which is subject to change without notice and is supplied 'as is' without warranty of any kind. Redistribution of this document is permitted with acknowledgement of the source. Filename : PowerVR Hardware.Architecture Overview for Developers Version : PowerVR SDK REL_18.2@5224491 External Issue Issue Date : 23 Nov 2018 Author : Imagination Technologies Limited PowerVR Hardware 1 Revision PowerVR SDK REL_18.2@5224491 Imagination Technologies Public Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3 2. Overview of Modern 3D Graphics Architectures ..................................................................... 4 2.1. Single Instruction, Multiple Data ......................................................................................... 4 2.1.1. Parallelism ................................................................................................................ 4 2.2. Vector and Scalar Processing ............................................................................................ 5 2.2.1. Vector ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.2.2. Scalar ....................................................................................................................... 5 3. Overview of Graphics -
Nvidia Maximus System Builder's Guide for Microsoft Windows 7 Or
NVIDIA MAXIMUS SYSTEM BUILDER’S GUIDE FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS 7 OR WINDOWS 8-64 DI-06471-001_v03 | January 2013 Installation Guide DOCUMENT CHANGE HISTORY DI-06471-001_v03 Version Date Authors Description of Change 01 August 4, 2012 OO, TS Initial Release 02 September 6, 2012 EK, TS Minor Edits 03 January 22, 2013 EKK, SM Updated to incorporate 2nd Generation Maximus NVIDIA Maximus System Builder’s Guide for Microsoft Windows 7 or Windows 8-64 DI-06471-001_v03 | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS NVIDIA 2nd Generation Maximus System Builder’s Guide .................................. 1 Audience ......................................................................................... 1 PreRequisite Skills .............................................................................. 2 Contents .......................................................................................... 2 Benefits of 2nd Generation Maximus Technology ........................................... 3 Installation ......................................................................................... 4 Required Components to Enable Maximus Technology .................................... 4 Quadro Professional Graphics .............................................................. 5 Tesla K20 ...................................................................................... 5 NVIDIA Quadro Professional Graphics Driver ............................................. 6 Implementing the Maximus Platform ...................................................... 6 Requirements for the