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Nevada Archaeologist Volume 9 1991 1::i::iN 1041-4479 NEVADA ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 9 1991 A SPECIAL PRINTING IN CONJUNCTION WITH ADVENTURES IN THE PAST, A GREAT BASIN TRIBUTE NEVADA ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION NEVADA 80AAd of DiR£OOflS ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION ThE BoARd 01 DiREcrORS 01 mE NEVAdA AAclwolo<;icAl AssociAliON is ,IrCTEd ANNuAlly by m, ", .. bE..J.ip. BoARd MEMbERS "RIlE ONE \'fAR IfRMS. ThE Bo.Ad 01 DiRECTORS EIECrs "" Aw,,:iAlioN's ThE dESiGN foR m. NAA Ioqo WAS ildAplId by Robmr EIsrON roo.. AGAAfidd FIAT P£TROGlypk oIfiaRS roo.. ""'" ",MbE", ,I£wd 10 mE BoAAd. ThE BoAAd of DiRECrORS Also AppOiNTS mE Ediroo of "" NEVAdA ARcOOoIoqisr foR A TERM NOt TO EXCEEd mE Yf~ ThE BoARd of DiRECTORS Mffl"'i THREE: liMfS ... YEAR, 0NCf ~ M SOI..I1k:RN pARJ of rlif STAIF ir.. NovEMbER, 0NCf iN m, NORmERN pART 01 "" SrAII .. MARCh ANd ONU .. OcrobER iowEdiAlIly pRioR TO "" ANNUAl MmiN<;. 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SthicRipriON is by ME"bE..J.ip ONly; MEMbER DiANE JE .... i"", """""R, r.dividuAl OR Iw::k is5UEs MAy bE pt>IICi<ASFd "pARAlIly. o,....cliill eo....ry o,ApIFR, N.AA MEMbER DAvid JohNsON NEvAd.. ARcOOoIoqicAl AssociAriON HtIEN Mom'NSON 876-6944 ~9 m EI CAM"" Ro.o<l MEMbER DAN K.o.ffm lAs VEGA', NEv.d. 8910 ~ o,....cliill ColMy o,AplfR, N.A.A. RAMONA RENO 847-0H4 MEMbER HElEN MORTENSON P.O. Box 10~ ARcOOo-NEVAdA SociffY SiMI< Chy, NEVAdA 89428 MEMbER SusAN MlIllpIry TR£ASURER DiANE JENNiNGs 747-4808 And..""NEVMA SociEry 2 n ~ PtnN.w [)oM RENO, NEVAdA 89 ~m fuTuRE !w.<s Ediroo DR. G..oy HAYNES 784.-6704 MANUSCllip" srn..irfEd foR publiCATioN iN "" NEvAdA ARc!..fO/oq5T DEpARTM'NT 01 ANThROpOloqy shoold follow mE sryIE GUid, 01 "" JANUARY 1979 isSUE 01 UNMRShy 01 NEVAdA, RENO AorERiCAN ANri9viry. MANUSCRip" should bE rypEd ANd doulli RENO, NEVAdA 89~~7 SpAUd ~, iNcludiNG NOlES ANd biblioq<Aphy, ANd iUusmAriONs shoold bE CAME ....REAdy wim A CApTioN rypEd ON A DuES "pARAlI shEET 01 pApER, Also dotlrk"I"'CEd. su"" issiONs roo.. A\OCArioNAl AS UlEU AS pROfBsiON.ts _ ENCO<JRAGHI. SrudENT ................................................. $ ~.OO AcrM ...................................................... 10.00 MAN=Rip" should bE srn..rn ro NEVAliA ARclwolo<;i>f, do AcrivF FAMily ............................................. 12.00 DAvid S. JoIr.soo, Posr OfflU Box 704, CARSON Chy, NEVAdA SuppoRTiNG .•••••••.•••••.•.....••••••.•••••...•..•..••.•• 2 ~.OO 89702"()704. SpoNsoR •....•..••.•••••••••••.••..•..•••..•.••••••....•.• ~O.OO PATRON .................................................. 100.00 All ",,",,,..J.ip CAII<jORiES RECfM AsOOsrnipTiON ro rhE NEVAliA ARc!..,okx;isr, rhE jouRNAl of "" AssociATioN. Nevada Archaeologist Volume 9 1991 EDITOR'S CORNER This issue of the Nevada Archaeologist was printed by the U. S. Bureau of Land Management, Nevada State Office in Reno, Nevada. Our thanks to Dr. Pat Barker for arranging this. This issue provides another varied set of offerings that we hope prove of interest to the members of the Nevada Archaeological Association. Four articles deal with prehistoric sites, material culture, and paleoenvironments; two other articles discuss historic-period sites in Nevada. The final paper in this issue is a valuable bibliography of all articles published over the years in the Nevada Archaeologist. We have Mona Reno to thank for this compendium, which is arranged alphabetically by author. CONTENTS Amateur Archaeologists Speak: A Crescentic Hypothesis P. W. Hutchinson. 1 Charcoal Production Sites in the Pine Nut Mountains, Douglas County, Nevada Margaret Herleman. 3 Investigations at Serendipity Cave, Eureka Cave, Nevada Ronald F. King 7 Quartz Crystal Flakes and Artifacts from Western Nevada Donald R. Tuohy 11 Archaeology in the Oilpatch: A Research and Management Agenda for Trap Spring Barry A. Price 1 7 Historic Aboriginal Use of Pahute Mesa Ronald L. Reno and Gregory H. Henton. 26 Bibliography of Articles in the Nevada Archaeologist Volumes 1-8 Ramona L. Reno 38 II AMATEURARcHAEOLOGISfS SPEAK: A CRESCENTIC HYPOTHESIS P. W. Hutchinson Reno, Nevada Nevada Archaeologist Volume 9 1991 The Sunshine Well site in eastern Nevada has about human development from the most yielded one of the largest and most diverse primitive stages to modern times. One of collections of crescents found in the Great Mumford's objectives is an exploration of the Basin. Fortunately most were photographed in role played by ritual,language and social situ (Fig. I), and documented as to provenience, organization in the course of human events. typology, and metric attributes. The study of According to Mumford's thesis, human these objects (all found on the surface) spans a development was influenced more by ritual period of more than 15 years (see Hutchinson and social processes than by tool-making or the 1988). conquest of nature. Crescents are distinctive artifacts, and are usually Of relevance here is the use that humans may considered to date to the Paleo-Indian period. have given crescentic tools in some form of Archeologists most often find them on the fossil ritual behavior. In Mumford's book (1966: 150 shorelines of dried Pleistocene lakes. Some Fig. 4), a photograph shows a European people believe they were fastened to wooden Paleolithic figure of a nude woman carved in spears-shafts and thrown at waterfowl. stone, with a caption that includes this passage: "the woman of Laussel, carved in the rock, Recent backhoe trenching at Sunshine Wells holds a bison's horn, itself a sexual symbol long has revealed an ancient marsh buried under in use in Italy as a taunt of cuckoldry. The approximately 4 feet of deltaic sediments. Also combination of crescent horn and female form exposed in the trenching were Pleistocene bones recurs in the Egyptian Moon Goddess, Hather; in a braided streambed about 10 feet below the and may indicate an early astronomical interest." surface of the present lakebed. A carbon-14 date from burned twi gs at the bone level is In some respects, the "Venus of Laussel" seems 10,690 B.P. Lithic flakes have also been found to embody mystery and fascination. The in the lowest level. crescent -shaped bison horn is held aloft for all to see, and this stance may represent a ritual. It POSSlBLEFuNCTIONS OF CRESCENTS: is possible that the Sunshine Well crescents and ECONOMIC AcnvmES crescents from other sites were once used to Crescents were constructed with care from perform rituals. high-quality raw materials, and they seem almost gemlike and ornamental. They are never While we know that Great Basin crescents are especially abundant in site inventories; this almost always found in areas that once had fact, plus their locations near lakeshores, abundant water, we also know that they are suggests to me that they were used by women. lunar-shaped and that they were fashioned by If functional, they could have served to harvest humans. Crescents are generally delicately tules, herbs, and roots, or have been used to cut shaped and rather small to be comfortably held willows for basketry and net-manufacture. They by a man's larger fingers; it seems that larger may also have been used to clean fish, fowl, crescents could have been made to fit men's and hares (Hattori, Newman, and Tuohy 1990). hands, like lithic scythes, yet the specimens that we know of are relatively small (Figure I). ANoTIIEl!. Possmu: FuNCIlON OFCIlli."iCENTS: L" RnuAL Lewis Mumford mentions the crescentic form Throughout the history of the human race, in The Myth of the Machine (1966), a book women have been symbolically associated with which offers readers a cornucopia of ideas lunar phases. Some women believe their menstrual cycles are controlled by phases of the moon. I propose that crescents were possibly used by women at Great Basin lakeshores to Hattori, E. M., M. Newman, and D. Tuohy. 1990. Blood perform some sort of ritual. residue analysis of flaked stone crescents from the northern Great Basin. Paper presented at the 22nd Great Basin Anthropological Conference, Reno. More scientific evidence is required to demonstrate the manner in which crescents Hutchinson, P. W. 1988. The prehistoric dwellers at were used, and their true age, but these thoughts Lake Hubbs. In Early human occupation in far western may be of some interest in our search for North America: the Clo vis-Archaic interface (J.A. WiUig, C. M. Aikens, and J.L. Pagan, eds.), pp. 303-318. Nevada insights about the prehistoric life of Great Basin State Museum Anthropological Papers Number 21. peoples. Mumford, Lewis. 1966. The Myth of the Machine: Techniques and Human Development. Harcourt, Brace and World, N.Y. Fig. 1: Crescent found at Sunshine Well, site SW-1. 2 CHARCOAL PRODUCTION SITES IN THE PINE NUT MOUNTAINS, DOUGLAS COUNTY, NEVADA Margaret Herleman , Carson City, Nevada Nevada Archaeologist Volume 9 1991 INTRODUCTION topped with two to five inches of wet clay soil. In this paper I describe several charcoal Care must be taken to make the soil layer as production sites in western Nevada, located on airtight as possible.
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