IHC and ISH 2010 Product Range
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Human and Mouse CD Marker Handbook Human and Mouse CD Marker Key Markers - Human Key Markers - Mouse
Welcome to More Choice CD Marker Handbook For more information, please visit: Human bdbiosciences.com/eu/go/humancdmarkers Mouse bdbiosciences.com/eu/go/mousecdmarkers Human and Mouse CD Marker Handbook Human and Mouse CD Marker Key Markers - Human Key Markers - Mouse CD3 CD3 CD (cluster of differentiation) molecules are cell surface markers T Cell CD4 CD4 useful for the identification and characterization of leukocytes. The CD CD8 CD8 nomenclature was developed and is maintained through the HLDA (Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens) workshop started in 1982. CD45R/B220 CD19 CD19 The goal is to provide standardization of monoclonal antibodies to B Cell CD20 CD22 (B cell activation marker) human antigens across laboratories. To characterize or “workshop” the antibodies, multiple laboratories carry out blind analyses of antibodies. These results independently validate antibody specificity. CD11c CD11c Dendritic Cell CD123 CD123 While the CD nomenclature has been developed for use with human antigens, it is applied to corresponding mouse antigens as well as antigens from other species. However, the mouse and other species NK Cell CD56 CD335 (NKp46) antibodies are not tested by HLDA. Human CD markers were reviewed by the HLDA. New CD markers Stem Cell/ CD34 CD34 were established at the HLDA9 meeting held in Barcelona in 2010. For Precursor hematopoetic stem cell only hematopoetic stem cell only additional information and CD markers please visit www.hcdm.org. Macrophage/ CD14 CD11b/ Mac-1 Monocyte CD33 Ly-71 (F4/80) CD66b Granulocyte CD66b Gr-1/Ly6G Ly6C CD41 CD41 CD61 (Integrin b3) CD61 Platelet CD9 CD62 CD62P (activated platelets) CD235a CD235a Erythrocyte Ter-119 CD146 MECA-32 CD106 CD146 Endothelial Cell CD31 CD62E (activated endothelial cells) Epithelial Cell CD236 CD326 (EPCAM1) For Research Use Only. -
Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model
Downloaded from http://www.jimmunol.org/ by guest on September 25, 2021 T + is online at: average * The Journal of Immunology , 34 of which you can access for free at: 2016; 197:1477-1488; Prepublished online 1 July from submission to initial decision 4 weeks from acceptance to publication 2016; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600589 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/197/4/1477 Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8 Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model Katherine A. Waugh, Sonia M. Leach, Brandon L. Moore, Tullia C. Bruno, Jonathan D. Buhrman and Jill E. Slansky J Immunol cites 95 articles Submit online. Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists ? is published twice each month by Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts http://jimmunol.org/subscription Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html http://www.jimmunol.org/content/suppl/2016/07/01/jimmunol.160058 9.DCSupplemental This article http://www.jimmunol.org/content/197/4/1477.full#ref-list-1 Information about subscribing to The JI No Triage! Fast Publication! Rapid Reviews! 30 days* Why • • • Material References Permissions Email Alerts Subscription Supplementary The Journal of Immunology The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2016 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. This information is current as of September 25, 2021. The Journal of Immunology Molecular Profile of Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Hypofunction in a Transplantable Murine Cancer Model Katherine A. -
Table 2. Significant
Table 2. Significant (Q < 0.05 and |d | > 0.5) transcripts from the meta-analysis Gene Chr Mb Gene Name Affy ProbeSet cDNA_IDs d HAP/LAP d HAP/LAP d d IS Average d Ztest P values Q-value Symbol ID (study #5) 1 2 STS B2m 2 122 beta-2 microglobulin 1452428_a_at AI848245 1.75334941 4 3.2 4 3.2316485 1.07398E-09 5.69E-08 Man2b1 8 84.4 mannosidase 2, alpha B1 1416340_a_at H4049B01 3.75722111 3.87309653 2.1 1.6 2.84852656 5.32443E-07 1.58E-05 1110032A03Rik 9 50.9 RIKEN cDNA 1110032A03 gene 1417211_a_at H4035E05 4 1.66015788 4 1.7 2.82772795 2.94266E-05 0.000527 NA 9 48.5 --- 1456111_at 3.43701477 1.85785922 4 2 2.8237185 9.97969E-08 3.48E-06 Scn4b 9 45.3 Sodium channel, type IV, beta 1434008_at AI844796 3.79536664 1.63774235 3.3 2.3 2.75319499 1.48057E-08 6.21E-07 polypeptide Gadd45gip1 8 84.1 RIKEN cDNA 2310040G17 gene 1417619_at 4 3.38875643 1.4 2 2.69163229 8.84279E-06 0.0001904 BC056474 15 12.1 Mus musculus cDNA clone 1424117_at H3030A06 3.95752801 2.42838452 1.9 2.2 2.62132809 1.3344E-08 5.66E-07 MGC:67360 IMAGE:6823629, complete cds NA 4 153 guanine nucleotide binding protein, 1454696_at -3.46081884 -4 -1.3 -1.6 -2.6026947 8.58458E-05 0.0012617 beta 1 Gnb1 4 153 guanine nucleotide binding protein, 1417432_a_at H3094D02 -3.13334396 -4 -1.6 -1.7 -2.5946297 1.04542E-05 0.0002202 beta 1 Gadd45gip1 8 84.1 RAD23a homolog (S. -
Overexpressed Nup88 Stabilized Through Interaction with Nup62 Promotes NFB
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063057; this version posted May 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Overexpressed Nup88 stabilized through interaction with Nup62 promotes NFB dependent pathways in cancer Usha Singh1, Atul Samaiya2, and Ram Kumar Mishra1,* 1 Nups and Sumo Biology Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India. 2 Department of Surgical Oncology, Bansal Hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462016, India * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Corresponding Author: Phone – +91-755-2691407 Fax - +91-755-2692392 Email- [email protected] Keywords Nup88; NFB; Head and neck cancer; ubiquitination; cell proliferation; inflammation 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063057; this version posted May 4, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Abstract Nuclear pores control nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking and directly or indirectly regulate vital cellular processes. Nup88, important for Crm1 mediated nuclear export process, is overexpressed in many cancers. A positive correlation exists between progressive stages of cancer and Nup88 expression. However, links between Nup88 overexpression and head and neck cancer are insignificant, and mechanistic details are non-existent. Here, we report that Nup88 exhibits positive correlation in head and neck cancer in addition to elevated Nup62 levels. We demonstrate that Nup88 interacts with Nup62 in a cell-cycle and glycosylation independent manner. -
CD Markers Are Routinely Used for the Immunophenotyping of Cells
ptglab.com 1 CD MARKER ANTIBODIES www.ptglab.com Introduction The cluster of differentiation (abbreviated as CD) is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules. So-called CD markers are routinely used for the immunophenotyping of cells. Despite this use, they are not limited to roles in the immune system and perform a variety of roles in cell differentiation, adhesion, migration, blood clotting, gamete fertilization, amino acid transport and apoptosis, among many others. As such, Proteintech’s mini catalog featuring its antibodies targeting CD markers is applicable to a wide range of research disciplines. PRODUCT FOCUS PECAM1 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion of blood vessels – making up a large portion molecule-1 (PECAM1), also known as cluster of its intracellular junctions. PECAM-1 is also CD Number of differentiation 31 (CD31), is a member of present on the surface of hematopoietic the immunoglobulin gene superfamily of cell cells and immune cells including platelets, CD31 adhesion molecules. It is highly expressed monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, on the surface of the endothelium – the thin megakaryocytes and some types of T-cell. Catalog Number layer of endothelial cells lining the interior 11256-1-AP Type Rabbit Polyclonal Applications ELISA, FC, IF, IHC, IP, WB 16 Publications Immunohistochemical of paraffin-embedded Figure 1: Immunofluorescence staining human hepatocirrhosis using PECAM1, CD31 of PECAM1 (11256-1-AP), Alexa 488 goat antibody (11265-1-AP) at a dilution of 1:50 anti-rabbit (green), and smooth muscle KD/KO Validated (40x objective). alpha-actin (red), courtesy of Nicola Smart. PECAM1: Customer Testimonial Nicola Smart, a cardiovascular researcher “As you can see [the immunostaining] is and a group leader at the University of extremely clean and specific [and] displays Oxford, has said of the PECAM1 antibody strong intercellular junction expression, (11265-1-AP) that it “worked beautifully as expected for a cell adhesion molecule.” on every occasion I’ve tried it.” Proteintech thanks Dr. -
Nup88 (22): Sc-136009
SANTA CRUZ BIOTECHNOLOGY, INC. Nup88 (22): sc-136009 BACKGROUND APPLICATIONS The nuclear pore complex (NPC) mediates bidirectional macromolecular Nup88 (22) is recommended for detection of Nup88 of mouse, rat and human traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells and is com- origin by Western Blotting (starting dilution 1:200, dilution range 1:100- prised of more than 100 different subunits. Many of the subunits belong to 1:1000), immunoprecipitation [1-2 µg per 100-500 µg of total protein (1 ml a family called nucleoporins (Nups), which are characterized by the pres- of cell lysate)] and immunofluorescence (starting dilution 1:50, dilution range ence of O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine moieties and a distinctive pentapep- 1:50-1:500). tide repeat (XFXFG). Nup88 (nucleoporin 88 kDa) is a 741 amino acid protein Suitable for use as control antibody for Nup88 siRNA (h): sc-75980, Nup88 that localizes to the nucleus and functions as an essential component of siRNA (m): sc-75981, Nup88 shRNA Plasmid (h): sc-75980-SH, Nup88 shRNA the nuclear pore complex. Expressed ubiquitously, Nup88 is subject to phos- Plasmid (m): sc-75981-SH, Nup88 shRNA (h) Lentiviral Particles: sc-75980-V phorylation by ATM or ATR and is upregulated in malignant neoplasms and and Nup88 shRNA (m) Lentiviral Particles: sc-75981-V. precancerous dysplasias, suggesting a role in tumorigenesis. The gene encod- ing Nup88 maps to human chromosome 17p13.2, which comprises over 2.5% Molecular Weight of Nup88: 88 kDa. of the human genome and encodes over 1,200 genes. Positive Controls: IMR-32 cell lysate: sc-2409, HeLa whole cell lysate: sc-2200 or A-431 whole cell lysate: sc-2201. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,005,612 B2 Ledbetter Et Al
US009005612B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,005,612 B2 Ledbetter et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Apr. 14, 2015 (54) BINDING DOMAIN-IMMUNOGLOBULIN 5,455,030 A 10/1995 Ladner et al. FUSION PROTEINS $599. A 3: BestInsley et al. al. (75) Inventors: Jeffrey A. Ledbetter, Seattle, WA (US); 5,530,101 A 6/1996 Queen et al. Martha S. Hayden-Ledbetter, Seattle, 5,580,756. A 12/1996 Linsley et al. WA (US) 5,595,7215,585,089 A 1431/1997 SAS,Kaminski et al.1 (73) Assignee: Emergent Product Development 5,597,707 A 1/1997 Marken et al. Seattle, LLC, Seattle, WA (US) 3.W - A 3.87 EaCee ea. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,645,835 A 7/1997 Fell, Jr. et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 $22.9 A ck 8. 3. Earl 530,387.1 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 5,693,762.w A 12/1997 QueenOCC et Cal. al. ............ This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- 5,709,859 A 1/1998 Aruffo et al. claimer 5,714,147 A 2, 1998 Capon et al. 5,721, 108 A 2f1998 Robinson et al. (21) Appl. No.: 13/451,641 5,736,137 A 4, 1998 Anderson et al. 5,770,197 A 6/1998 Linsley et al. (22) Filed: Apr. 20, 2012 5,773.253 A 6/1998 Linsley et al. O O 5,776.456 A 7/1998 Anderson et al. (65) Prior Publication Data 5,795,572 A 8/1998 Diegel et al. -
Atpase, Na+/K+ Transporting, Alpha 3 Polypeptide Homologous to 3'UTR
HUGO ID Name Nalm-6 TOM-1 Reh Karpas-422 DoHH -2 SU-DHL-5 Namalwa DG-75 Ramos Raji BEL EHEB BONNA-12 L-428 DEL BCP-1 BC-3 BCBL-1 JSC-1 PEL-SY HBL-6 DS-1 RPMI-8226 NCI-H929 L-363 SK-MM-2 ATP1A3 ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 3 polypeptide CD24 homologous to 3'UTR of human CD24 gene ABCC5 multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP5) CD72 CD72 antigen TCL1A Tcell leukemia/lymphoma 1 ITGB2 Integrin, beta 2 (antigen CD18 (p95)) ? nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (hnRNP) SGT1 suppressor of G2 allele of skp1 homolog DNMT 1 DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1 GALE UDP-Galactose 4 epimerase (GALE) HADHSC L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase LIG4 DNA ligase IV LIG1 Ligase I, DNA, ATP-dependent CEBPG CCAA T/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), gamma DCK Deoxycytidine kinase TCEA1 TRANSCRIPTION ELONGATION FACTOR S-II TCN 1 TRANSCOBALAMIN I PRECURSOR POLA2 DNA polymerase alpha subunit CCNG2 cyclin G2 RNPC1 Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus; Human seb4D RNPC1 Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus; Human seb4D DGKD Diacylglycerol kinase delta KIAA0220 Polycystic kidney disease protein 1 KIAA0220 calcium-dependent group X phospholipase A2 KIAA0220 calcium-dependent group X phospholipase A2 ALDH5A1 NAD+-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase CCNG2 Polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) PDCD4 nuclear antigen H731-like protein SSH3BP1 eps8 binding protein e3B1 MAP4K2 B lymphocyte serine/threonine protein kinase (GC kinase) MAPRE2 novel T-cell activation protein ZNFN1A Ikaros/LyF-1 homolog (hIk-1) FLJ22624 clone 23799 KIAA0355 -
Supplementary Data Genbank Or OSE Vs RO NIA Accession Gene Name Symbol FC B-Value H3073C09 11.38 5.62 H3126B09 9.64 6.44 H3073B0
Supplementary Data GenBank or OSE vs RO NIA accession Gene name Symbol FC B-value H3073C09 11.38 5.62 H3126B09 9.64 6.44 H3073B08 9.62 5.59 AU022767 Exportin 4 Xpo4 9.62 6.64 H3073B09 9.59 6.48 BG063925 Metallothionein 2 Mt2 9.23 18.89 H3064B07 9.21 6.10 H3073D08 8.28 6.10 AU021923 Jagged 1 Jag1 7.89 5.93 H3070D08 7.54 4.58 BG085110 Cysteine-rich protein 1 (intestinal) Crip1 6.23 16.40 BG063004 Lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1 Lgals1 5.95 10.36 BG069712 5.92 2.34 BG076976 Transcribed locus, strongly similar to NP_032521.1 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 1 5.64 8.36 BG062930 DNA segment, Chr 11, Wayne State University 99, expressed D11Wsu99e 5.63 8.76 BG086474 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 Igfbp5 5.50 15.95 H3002d11 5.13 20.77 BG064706 Keratin complex 1, acidic, gene 19 Krt1-19 5.06 9.07 H3007A09 5.05 2.46 H3065F02 4.84 5.43 BG081752 4.81 1.25 H3010E09 4.71 11.90 H3064c11 4.43 1.00 BG069711 Transmembrane 4 superfamily member 9 Tm4sf9 4.29 1.23 BG077072 Actin, beta, cytoplasmic Actb 4.29 3.01 BG079788 Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 Hba-a1 4.26 6.63 BG076798 4.23 0.80 BG074344 Mesothelin Msln 4.22 6.97 C78835 Actin, beta, cytoplasmic Actb 4.16 3.02 BG067531 4.15 1.61 BG073468 Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 Hba-a1 4.10 6.23 H3154H07 4.08 5.38 AW550167 3.95 5.66 H3121B01 3.94 5.94 H3124f12 3.94 5.64 BG073608 Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 Hba-a1 3.84 5.32 BG073617 Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 Hba-a1 3.84 5.75 BG072574 Hemoglobin alpha, adult chain 1 Hba-a1 3.82 5.93 BG072211 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, -
Lymphoid Myeloid
LYMPHOID Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell MYELOID CD34 CD117 (c-kit) CD338 CD38low/neg CD133 linneg CD59 CD135 (Flt3) GATA2 CD90 (Thy1) CD164 TdT Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP) Multi-Potent Progenitor (MPP) Common Myeloid Progenitor (CMP) low neg CD33 CD123low CD174 CD7 CD117 (c-kit) C/EBPα CD34 linneg neg CD34 CD131 Ikaros CD10 CD127 GATA2 CD135 (Flt3) TdT CD24neg CD135 (Flt3) GATA3 CD45RA CD164 PU.1 CD34 CD164 PU.1high Common DC Progenitor CD117 (c-kit) CD173 CD38 HLA-DR TdT CD45RA Aiolos CD11c dim CD90low c-mybhigh CD33 Pro-B Pre-NK/T Megakaryocyte- CD10 CD124 CD5 Conventional DC Precursor Erythroid CD19 CD164 CD34 CD11c Granulocyte-Myeloid CD20 CD252 CD14neg Progenitor (GMP) Progenitor (MEP) CD22 CD268 CD33dim CD33 CD131 CD34neg CD275 CD34 CD45RA CD34 CD164 CD72 HLA-DR CD36 FOG-1 CD74 CD123 PU.1 CD110 GATA1 CD123high GATA2 Pre-T Pro-NK CD7 Pre-B CD1a CD28 CD10neg CD2 CD34 neg CD10 CD124 CD34 CD3 CD45 CD117 (c-kit) CD19 CD164 CD5 CD127 (IL-7Rα) CD20 CD252 CD7high NOTCH1 CD22 CD268 CD34neg CD275 CD72 HLA-DR Immature NK CD74 IgM CD34neg Plasmacytoid Conventional Monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil Mast Basophil Megakaryocyte Erythrocyte CD79a Pax5 CD94neg DC (pDC) DC (cDC) CD4low CD85a (ILT5) CD171 CD10 CD9 CD9 CD9 CD41 CD51 CD35 CD236 CD117 (c-kit) CD9 CD85d (ILT4) CD172a (SIRPα) CD15 CD11b CD11b CD11a CD42a CD61 CD44 CD236R CD4 CD1c CD122 CD11b CD85h (ILT1) CD172b CD16b CD15 CD15 CD11b CD42b CD110 CD123 CD238 CD11c neg CD1d CD161 CD11c CD85j (ILT2) CD180 CD17 CD24 CD24 CD13 CD42c CD112 CD173 CD239 CD45RA CD2 Ets-1 CD13 -
Human CD Marker Chart Reviewed by HLDA1 Bdbiosciences.Com/Cdmarkers
BD Biosciences Human CD Marker Chart Reviewed by HLDA1 bdbiosciences.com/cdmarkers 23-12399-01 CD Alternative Name Ligands & Associated Molecules T Cell B Cell Dendritic Cell NK Cell Stem Cell/Precursor Macrophage/Monocyte Granulocyte Platelet Erythrocyte Endothelial Cell Epithelial Cell CD Alternative Name Ligands & Associated Molecules T Cell B Cell Dendritic Cell NK Cell Stem Cell/Precursor Macrophage/Monocyte Granulocyte Platelet Erythrocyte Endothelial Cell Epithelial Cell CD Alternative Name Ligands & Associated Molecules T Cell B Cell Dendritic Cell NK Cell Stem Cell/Precursor Macrophage/Monocyte Granulocyte Platelet Erythrocyte Endothelial Cell Epithelial Cell CD1a R4, T6, Leu6, HTA1 b-2-Microglobulin, CD74 + + + – + – – – CD93 C1QR1,C1qRP, MXRA4, C1qR(P), Dj737e23.1, GR11 – – – – – + + – – + – CD220 Insulin receptor (INSR), IR Insulin, IGF-2 + + + + + + + + + Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), IGF-1R, type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR), CD1b R1, T6m Leu6 b-2-Microglobulin + + + – + – – – CD94 KLRD1, Kp43 HLA class I, NKG2-A, p39 + – + – – – – – – CD221 Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), IGF-II, Insulin JTK13 + + + + + + + + + CD1c M241, R7, T6, Leu6, BDCA1 b-2-Microglobulin + + + – + – – – CD178, FASLG, APO-1, FAS, TNFRSF6, CD95L, APT1LG1, APT1, FAS1, FASTM, CD95 CD178 (Fas ligand) + + + + + – – IGF-II, TGF-b latency-associated peptide (LAP), Proliferin, Prorenin, Plasminogen, ALPS1A, TNFSF6, FASL Cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (M6P-R, CIM6PR, CIMPR, CI- CD1d R3G1, R3 b-2-Microglobulin, MHC II CD222 Leukemia -
LECTURE 07 Immune Cells Surface Receptors and Their Functions
LECTURE: 07 Title: IMMUNE CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS LEARNING OBJECTIVES: The student should be able to: • The chemical nature of the cellular surface receptors. • Define the location of the cellular receptors. • Enumerate the different given terms for the word "receptor". • Define the term "CD" marker. • Describe the location of the immune receptors. • Classify the cellular receptors according to the information they offer. • Classify the cellular receptors according to their families. • Enumerate some common immunoglobulin receptors. • Enumerate some common complement receptors. • Enumerate some adhesion molecules receptors. • Enumerate the main functions of the immune cell receptors. • Realize the importance of the immune receptors. LECTURE REFRENCE: 1. TEXTBOOK: ROITT, BROSTOFF, MALE IMMUNOLOGY. 6th edition. pp. 29, 143, 76, 77, 78, 221, 325. 2. TEXTBOOK: ABUL K. ABBAS. ANDREW H. LICHTMAN. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY. 5TH EDITION. Chapter. 6 .pg 105. Chapter 4. pg 65- 80. 1 Lymphocytes can be identified by characteristic markers Lymphocytes and other leukocytes express different surface molecules which can be used for distinguishing cell population. A systemic nomenclature called the CD system has been developed, in which the term CD refers to (cluster of designation). These different cell surface molecules are detected with specific monoclonal antibodies, each of these molecules are given CD number. Molecular markers can be further defined according to the information they offer about the cell. For example; A. Lineage markers are exclusive to a particular cell line, e.g., CD3, which is found only on T cells. B. Maturation markers are transiently expressed during cell differentiation, e.g., CD1, which is only found on cells developing in thymus and is not present on peripheral T cells.