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A Century Of A CENTURY OF SASKATCHEWAN'S VOICE OF BUSINESS CELEBRATES l 00 YEARS 2 A CENTURY OF ENTERPRISESASKATCHEWAN’S VOICE OF BUSINESS CELEBRATES 100 YEARS CONTENTS Chapter 1 – The Voice of Business is Born: The 1920s 2 Chapter 2 – Rebirth and Boom: The 1940s and ’50s 8 Chapter 3 – Decades of Change and Challenge: The 1960s and ’70s 20 Chapter 4 – Decades of Deficits, Debt and Diminishing Returns: The 1980s and ’90s 32 Chapter 5 – New Century, New Challenges: The 2000s and 2010s 50 Chapter 6 – 2020 Vision… and Beyond 66 ABEX Awards 70 Saskatchewan Business Hall of Fame 74 Credits 82 Opposite: 1976 Annual General Meeting On July 21, 1920, 26 delegates were men, representing mainly small representing 16 boards of trade from businesses in communities from Swift ISSUES OF THE DAY: across the southern half of the province Current in the southwest, Yorkton in the • Immediate completion of the gathered at the Regina Board of Trade southeast, Kindersley in the west-central Hudson Bay Railway office at the McCallum Hill Building, region, Assiniboia in the south-central and Regina’s first skyscraper. Prince Albert in the north. • Changing the classification of wheat grades from “Manitoba” Following the call to order by temporary During this decade, the province’s to “Canadian Western” under chairman, L.T. McDonald of Regina, a population had grown exponentially, from a the Canada Grain Act welcoming address by Regina Mayor James few thousand in 1885 to 91,300 by 1901, • Opposing the proposed 30% Grassick and the reading of minutes from a then skyrocketed to 921,000 by 1931, increase in railway freight rates meeting in Calgary on May 17, 1920, by largely on the strength of the booming • Replacing the “Business Profits temporary secretary Gerald Graham of wheat economy. War Tax’’ by a three per cent Saskatoon, the delegates voted to form the sales or “turn over’’ tax to be Saskatchewan Associated Boards of Trade. At that time, nearly 80 per cent of the applied to consumer goods. province’s population lived in rural areas, Sales tax revenues could then In so doing, they would lay the foundation and nearly 90 per cent of those rural be used to increase exemptions for an organization that would dominate residents lived on farms. Urban dwellers – McCallum Hill Building, circa 1924. from income taxes for Saskatchewan’s business scene like the 10- the one in five people living in towns or individuals and families, not storey office building they were meeting in cities of 1,000 population or more -- unlike how the GST was dominated Regina’s skyline. undoubtedly knew what side of the bread implemented by the Mulroney their butter was on. Conservative government in In fact, the organization that would later 1991 – 70 years later! become the Saskatchewan Chamber of In fact, the preamble to the constitution of • Standardizing the weight of Commerce has outlived its birthplace by 38 the Saskatchewan Associated Boards of bread. A standard loaf ranged years. While the McCallum Hill Building was Trade clearly stated the importance of from 16 ounces in Swift demolished in 1982, the chamber is still agriculture to the economy. Current, to 20 ounces in Prince going strong, 100 years later! Albert and Regina “The objects of the Saskatchewan Of course, much has changed since that Associated Boards of Trade shall be to historic day a century ago. All 26 delegates promote the commercial, industrial, 3 4 economic and civic welfare of the members 95 per cent of business proprietors were elected a president, first and second vice- Top left: University of Saskatchewan, 1930s of the association and of the province of male. Women, who made up one-fifth of the presidents and an executive committee of Top right: Regina Warehouse eight members. Since the secretary- Saskatchewan, to urge for the development small business workforce, owned less than District, 1920s of its natural resources, to forward one in 20 small businesses. treasurer was deemed to be the most agricultural development.’’ important position, secretary Graham All these demographic trends – the was elected first. So really it should come as no surprise that province’s predominately rural population, And since both secretary-treasurer and Saskatchewan’s first province-wide business the predominance of agriculture in the president should come from the same organization should be primarily concerned provincial economy, the male dominance of the business sector and the relative community during the first year at least, with agricultural issues. underrepresentation of women in business, given “the need to be constantly in touch either as workers and more particularly as with each other,’’ Thomas Reynolds of Along with the booming agricultural sector, owners – would change dramatically over Saskatoon was elected president. Saskatchewan’s small business sector had the next 100 years. grown from a few hundred at the turn of Major F. J. James of Regina was elected first the century to several thousand in just three And the chamber would change with the vice-president; C. Clare of Prince Albert, decades. According to the Dominion Bureau times. But in 1920, the Saskatchewan second vice-present; and W.E. Dennison of of Statistics, Saskatchewan had 10, 841 Associated Boards of Trade – like the Assiniboia, third vice-president. stores with sales of more than $189 million businesses it represented – was very much a in 1930. “man’s world.’’ Besides drafting a constitution and bylaws and developing a “program of work,’’ the It should also come as no surprise that men After agreeing to form the Saskatchewan fledgling association had to elect a new dominated the small business sector, as Associated Boards of Trade, the delegates president at its Nov. 27, 1920 meeting in 5 Regina, following the sudden and “Without an income of several thousand unexpected resignation of Thomas Reynolds. dollars per year, it would be impossible to establish an efficient propagandist “As a business organization, Francis John James was a native of London, agency such as an ideal organization of we must maintain a level England, who came to Regina in 1907 and this kind should be. No serious attempt has head, and when we make established an investment brokerage and yet been made to create such an statements we must be insurance firm, Nay & James, until his organization, although there are those prepared to back them up business career was interrupted by the who think a provincial chamber of with irrefutable evidence. Great War. Captain of a reserve unit in the commerce a possibility.’’ Canadian Army Service Corps (CASC), which The world at large is calling provided transportation services and for broader views… We must On June 1, 1921, the executive committee supplies to the army, James volunteered for tread carefully, and by so met at the Moose Jaw Board of Trade active duty in July 1915, at the age of 38. doing, our demands, when offices to, among other things, appoint A.L. made upon governments Haining of Saskatoon as acting secretary to Promoted to the rank of major that same and corporations, will be fill in for Graham, who was unable to year, James served at various locations and treated with respect and continue as secretary-treasurer. in various capacities in England and France. granted careful After four years of service, for which he was consideration.’’ Unfortunately, by the next meeting on Nov. commended by the Secretary of State for 25, 1921, Haining had died, necessitating Francis John James, Saskatchewan War for valuable services rendered, James Association Boards of Trade, the appointment of a third secretary- Francis John James, Saskatchewan Association was demobilized in July 1919 and returned 1920-1923 treasurer, C.A. Cooke of Regina. Cooke of Boards of Trade, 1920-1923 to Regina to rejoin his wife, Christina, and would continue to serve as secretary to the resume his career. end of 1922. A natural leader, James was soon thrust The second annual general meeting was into a leadership role with the association years, the chamber has, for the most part, held on March 15-16, 1922, in Prince Albert and other organizations, including the followed James’s sage advice. attracting 36 delegates to discuss the Regina Exhibition Association and issues of the day and debate a wide range Saskatchewan Association of Music While it had its successes, seven and half of resolutions. Festivals. And James was up to the months after its conception, the fledgling challenge, serving three stints as the SABT association was still operating on a In an address “tinged with a sentiment president until stepping aside in 1923. shoe-string. As Graham noted in his of optimism,’’ president James spoke to annual report to delegates, the purpose delegates about the state of the association James rightly believed that a business of forming the association was to “provide and the “general financial and industrial organization needed to be moderate, a common council for the various boards situation.’’ “(T)he president spoke very sensible, pragmatic and reasonable in its of trade of the province where they might encouragingly of the outlook, but demands and thereby earn the respect and, meet and discuss problems and co-operate impressed on the meeting the need for hopefully, the ear of government. Over the for their solution. careful consideration and economy,’’ 6 secretary Cooke said in his report of the First, he noted “great progress’’ had been throughout the West for exercising caution annual meeting. made in obtaining the province’s support and moderation in its deliberations and in calling for “equitable freight rates,’’ official actions.’’ Following his speech, delegates applauded adding the province had placed its freight James and called on him to serve another rate expert at the association’s disposal to “The Saskatchewan Association of Boards term as president.
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