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Primer Registro De Aves Fósiles (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae Y Un Probable Odontopterygiformes: Pelagornithidae) Para El Mioceno Superior De Costa Rica

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Primer Registro De Aves Fósiles (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae Y Un Probable Odontopterygiformes: Pelagornithidae) Para El Mioceno Superior De Costa Rica Revista Geológica de América Central, 49: 25-32, 2013 ISSN: 0256-7024 PRIMER REGISTRO DE AVES FÓSILES (PELECANIFORMES: PELECANIDAE Y UN PROBABLE ODONTOPTERYGIFORMES: PELAGORNITHIDAE) PARA EL MIOCENO SUPERIOR DE COSTA RICA FIRST RECORD OF FOSSIL BIRDS (PELECANIFORMES: PELECANIDAE AND A PROBABLY ODONTOPTERYGIFORMES: PELAGORNITHIDAE) FROM THE UPPER MIOCENE OF COSTA RICA Ana L. Valerio1,* & César A. Laurito2,3 1Departamento de Historia Natural, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica. Apdo. 749-1000, San José 2 INA, Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje 3Investigador Asociado-Departamento de Historia Natural, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica *Autor para contacto: [email protected] (Recibido: 01/04//2013 ; aceptado: 26/11/2013) ABSTRACT: For the first time, remains of two fossil marine birds are recorded for Costa Rica; these fossils came out from the Upper Miocene Curré Formation. These finds are associated to shallow marine sediments and conform other marine fossil vertebrates such as cetaceans, sharks and rays. Keywords: Birds, Pelecaniformes, Pelecanus, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae, Upper Miocene, Costa Rica. RESUMEN: Se registran por primera vez para Costa Rica restos de dos aves marinas fósiles (Aves: Pelecaniformes y Odontopterygiformes) procedentes de la Formación Curré de edad Mioceno Superior. Estos hallazgos están asociados a sedimentos marino someros y concuerdan con otros vertebrados fósiles marinos asociados como cetáceos, tiburones y rayas. Palabras clave: Aves, Pelecaniformes, Pelecanus, Odontopterygiformes, Pelagornithidae, Mioceno Superior, Costa Rica. VALERIO, A.L. & LAURITO, C.A 2013: Primer registro de aves fósiles (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae y un probable Odontopterygifomres: Pelagornithidae) para el Mioceno Superior de Costa Rica.- Rev. Geol. Amér. Central, 49: 25-32. 26 REVISTA GEOLÓGICA DE AMÉRICA CENTRAL INTRODUCCIÓN El epicóndilo es rugoso y la ranura fibular profun- da y elongada. El foramen nutricio es pequeño y Los Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888, fue- se conserva la cresta del músculo obturador. Los ron aves marinas gigantes sin representantes ac- cóndilos interno y externo son redondeados, la ra- tuales, cuya morfología general recuerda a los nura patelar es una depresión redondeada, la línea pelícanos, siendo su característica más notoria el anterior intermuscular no se observa. poseer grandes picos portadores de proyecciones Dimensiones: ancho mínimo del cuerpo óseas puntiagudas que semejaban dientes (Olson, 12,99 mm, anchura máxima del extremo distal 1985). Sus huesos eran excesivamente delgados 17,90 mm y profundidad máxima del extremo por lo que su preservación es muy difícil y frag- distal 12,61 mm. mentada, aunque recientemente Mayr & Rubilar- La epífisis distal del fémur carece de los cón- Rogers (2010), describieron un ejemplar chileno dilos lateral y mesial, este hecho sugiere la po- muy completo con una envergadura alar de 5.2 sibilidad que se trataba de un espécimen juvenil; m y un peso de entre 16 y 29 kg. Al igual que sin embargo, las dimensiones y la robustez del los Pelagornithidae, los Pelecanidae Rafinesque, hueso apuntan a un ejemplar bastante grande, qui- 1815 son aves marinas con representantes actua- zás se trataba de un individuo en transición a la les de amplias y largas alas, largos cuellos, gran- adultez ya que la epífisis se encuentra soldada al des sacos gulares y patas cortas, con envergaduras resto del hueso. Otra posibilidad, es que el hueso variables entre los 1 y 1,6 m y pesos variables en- haya sido transportado y retrabajado previo a su tre los 3 y 7 kg. sedimentación definitiva y en el proceso perdió A continuación se describen dos restos óseos los cóndilos que suelen tener paredes óseas más fósiles correspondientes a las 2 familias de Aves delgadas y frágiles incluso en ejemplares adultos. arriba mencionadas, los mismos proceden de la Aparte de la no preservación de los cóndilos el fé- localidad fosilífera de San Gerardo de Limoncito, mur es indiferenciable del fémur de otras especies ubicada 14 km al oeste de la ciudad de San Vito en del género Pelecanus y difiere en forma y tamaño el cantón de Coto Brus, provincia de Puntarenas de otras especies de aves marinas y acuáticas con en las coordenadas 8º51’19.6’’ N y 83º04’51.9’’ que se les comparó (ver apéndice). Otro detalle W (Fig.1). Los mismos forman parte de la interesante de este fragmento de hueso es el ser lige- Colección de Fósiles de la Sección de Geología ramente más robusto si se le compara con su homó- del Museo Nacional de Costa Rica y son el objeto logo del espécimen actual de Pelecanus occidentalis de estudio del presente trabajo. con el que se comparó (Fig. 2.1a-b), pero calza muy bien con el ejemplar de Pelecanus erythrorhyncos ilustrado por Gilbert et al. (1996) en la figura 65. PALEONTOLOGÍA Clase AVES Linnaeus, 1758 Distribución paleogeográfica Orden PELECANIFORMES Sharpe, 1821 Familia PELECANIDAE Rafinesque, 1815 El registro fósil más antiguo del géne- Género PELECANUS Linnaeus, 1758 ro Pelecanus, especie indeterminada data del Oligoceno Temprano (Rupeliano, de 33,0 a 28,25 Pelecanus sp. indet. Ma) del sureste de Francia (Louchart et al., 2010) y procede de sedimentos depositados en un “la- Material: CFM-1689, fémur derecho sin ex- goon” dulceacuícola o ligeramente salobre, coste- tremo proximal (Figs. 2.2a-d). ro, de clima tropical a subtropical en el que tam- Descripción y discusión: fragmento distal bién se registraron trogones, grullas y colibríes de fémur derecho en el que no se preservaron los entre otras aves (Louchart et al., 2008). Le sigue cóndilos: lateral y mesial. Además, las fosas po- el registro de Pelecanus tirarensis del Oligoceno pliteal e intercondilar están levemente insinuadas. Superior- Mioceno Medio de Lake Pinpa, Revista Geológica de América Central, 49: 25-32, 2013 / ISSN: 0256-7024 VALERIO & LAURITO: Primer registro de aves fósiles (Pelecaniformes: Pelecanidae... 27 Fig.1: Mapa de ubicación de la localidad fosilífera de San Gerardo de Limoncito, cantón de Coto Brus, provincia de Puntarenas. Australia (Miller, 1966; Rich & van Tets, 1981); Pelecanidae indeterminado en la Formación Pisco Miopelecanus gracilis Milne-Edwards, 1867 del de edad Mioceno Medio-Plioceno Superior (15- Mioceno temprano de Francia (Cheneval, 1984), 2 Ma) (Stucchi & Urbina, 2005) y al registro Miopelecanus intermedius (Frass, 1870) un pro- de Pelecanus sp. procedente de la localidad pa- bable sinónimo de la especie francesa y Pelecanus leoindia de Quebrada Tacahuay del Pleistoceno fraasi Lyddeker, 1891 ambas del Mioceno Medio tardío cuspidal (deFrance & Urime, 2004), am- de Lierheim, Nördlingen, Alemania (Mlískovský, bas de Perú. 1992) y Pelecanus sivalensis Davies, 1880 del Por otra parte, no existe ningún registro fósil Mioceno Superior del norte de Pakistán (Brodkorb, de la familia Pelecanidae o del género Pelecanus 1963; Dyke & Walker, 2008). para el Caribe a excepción del presente hallazgo. A partir del Mioceno Superior el registro fó- sil de Pelecanus spp. se vuelve cada vez más co- Orden ODONTOPTERYGIFORMES Howard, 1957 mún y cosmopolita. Suborden ODONTOPTERYGIA Spulski, 1910 En el continente Americano, el género Familia PELAGORNITHIDAE Fürbringer, 1888 Pelecanus se ha registrado en el Plioceno de Oregón (Miller, 1944), Plioceno Inferior de Idaho La familia Pelagornithidae ha sido tradicio- (Wetmore, 1933; Brodkorb, 1963), La Florida nalmente emparentada de manera muy cercana y North Carolina (Olson, 1999), Blancano- con los Pelecaniformes y en menor grado con Irvingtoniano del sur de California (Cassiliano, los Procellariiformes (Olson, 1985; Warheit, 1999), Pleistoceno de Oklahoma (Mengel, 1952), 2001). Sin embargo, Smith (2010) de acuerdo a Pleistoceno tardío de Kansas (Stettenheim, 1958), recientes análisis filogenéticos, concluye que los todos en Estados Unidos. También, ha sido re- Pelagornithidae no pertenecen a las Neoaves; gistrado en el Pleistoceno tardío del noreste del Bourdon (2005) por su parte, concluye que muy Estado de Sonora, México (Mead et al., 2006; probablemente los Pelagornithidae pertenezcan Steadman & Mead, 2010). al Orden Odontopterygiformes que ella considera A diferencia de los relativamente abundan- es monofilético, además de ser el grupo hermano tes registros fósiles de América del Norte, los re- de los Anseriformes e incluye a ambos dentro del gistros de la familia Pelecanidae en América del clado Odontoansere. Sin embargo, Mayr (2011), Sur son muy raros y se limitan al hallazgo de un con base en un análisis cladístico ampliado, llega Revista Geológica de América Central, 49: 25-32, 2013 / ISSN: 0256-7024 28 REVISTA GEOLÓGICA DE AMÉRICA CENTRAL a la conclusión de que los Pelagornithidae junto sedimentos que datan del Paleoceno tardío hasta con los Sylviornithidae y Dromornithidae, son el Plioceno tardío (Olson, 1985; Bourdon et al., el grupo hermano del clado Galloansere, es de- 2010; Mayr, 2011). cir, son más cercanos a los Galliformes que a los En Norteamérica los registros de Anseriformes, de allí que su ubicación taxonómi- Pelagornithidae inician en el Eoceno tardío de ca aún no está del todo clara. Oregón (Goedert, 1989), Oligoceno tardío- Mioceno Inferior de las Formaciones Hawthorne y Ashley en Gen. et sp. indet. South Carolina, Mioceno Medio de la Formación Calvert en Maryland y Virginia, Plioceno Inferior de Material: CFM-1086, fragmento proximal de Lee Creek Mine en North Carolina, todos en la costa ulna izquierda (Figs. 2.4a-c). este de Estados Unidos (Olson, 1985). Descripción y discusión: fragmento proximal En la costa oeste de Norteamérica
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