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Original Article Original Article Sexually transmitted infections and factors associated with condom use in dating app users in Brazil Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e fatores associados ao uso do preservativo em usuários de aplicativos de encontro no Brasil Infecciones de transmisión sexual y factores asociados al uso del preservativo en usuarios de aplicaciones de citas en Brasil Artur Acelino Francisco Luz Nunes Queiroz1 Matheus Costa Brandão Matos2 Telma Maria Evangelista de Araújo2 Renata Karina Reis1 Álvaro Francisco Lopes Sousa1,3 Keywords Abstract Homosexuality, male; Sexually transmitted Objectives: To establish the characteristics of Brazilian geosocial dating app users, estimate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and factors associated with condom use. diseases; HIV infections; Sexual behavior; Mobile Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 2,250 men who have sex with men (MSM) from across Brazil. The social applications; Health vulnerability network Facebook® was used to disseminate and collect data for the survey, through a post boosted weekly, between November 2016 and January 2017. The data were submitted to univariate and bivariate analysis with the help of SPSS software. Descritores Results: Most participants were young (25 years old), had a university degree (57.8%), were homosexual (75.7%), and had met their partners on Homosexualidade masculina; Doenças dating apps (64.1%), especially Tinder® (57.3%) and Grindr® (53.3%), for sexual purposes (69.7%). The prevalence of STIs was 11.1%, and sexualmente transmissíveis; Infecções por HIV; 7.1% were HIV+. Factors associated with condom use were: meeting partners on app (p=0.003), using Grindr® (p=0.002), Scruff® (p=0.027) or Hornet® (p<0.001), using apps to fi nd friends (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) or relationships (p<0.001), frequency of app use (p<0.001) and Comportamento sexual; Aplicativos móveis; using apps at night (p=0.003). Vulnerabilidade em saúde Conclusion: App users are young, with high education levels and are familiar with the apps due to time of use. The prevalence of STIs was high, especially HIV. The sociodemographic characteristics and particularities of the use and consumption of app were associated with consistent Descriptores condom use, especially reason for use, frequency, time of day, and app used. Homosexualidad masculine; Enfermedades de transmisión sexual; Infecciones por VIH; Conducta Resumo Objetivos: Caracterizar os usuários brasileiros de aplicativos de encontro baseados em geolocalização, estimar a prevalência de Infecções sexual; Aplicaciones móviles; Vulnerabilidad en Sexualmente Transmissíveis (ISTs) e fatores associados ao uso do preservativo. salud Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com amostra de 2.250 homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) de todo o Brasil. Utilizou-se da rede social Facebook® para a coleta e divulgação da pesquisa, por meio de uma postagem impulsionada semanalmente, de novembro de 2016 a janeiro de 2017. Os dados foram analisados de forma uni e bivariada com o auxílio do software SPSS. Submitted Resultados: Houve a predominância de participantes jovens (25 anos), com ensino superior completo (57,8%) e homossexuais (75,7%), que March 20, 2019 conheceram os seus parceiros através de aplicativos (64,1%), utilizando, principalmente, o Tinder® (57,3%) e Grindr® (53,3%) para fi ns sexuais (69,7%). A prevalência de ISTs foi de 11,1%, sendo 7,1 de HIV. Foram fatores associados ao uso de preservativos: conhecer o parceiro pelo app Accepted (p=0,003), utilizar o Grindr® (p=0,002), Scruff® (p=0,027) ou Hornet® (p<0,001), usar os apps para amizade (p<0,001), sexo (p<0,001) ou May 30, 2019 relacionamento (p<0,001), frequência de uso do aplicativo (p<0,001) e utilizar os apps durante à noite (p=0,003). Conclusão: Os usuários são jovens, com alto nível educacional e que demonstram familiaridade com os apps pelo tempo de uso. A prevalência de ISTs foi elevada, sobretudo da infecção pelo HIV. Características sociodemográfi cas e particularidades do uso e consumo dosapps estão associadas a utilização consistente do preservativo, principalmente o motivo de uso, frequência, horário e aplicativo utilizado. Resumen Objetivos: caracterizar a los usuarios brasileños de aplicaciones de citas basadas en geolocalización, estimar la prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y factores asociados al uso del preservativo. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, con muestra de 2.250 hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) de todo Brasil. Se utilizó la red social Facebook® para la recolección y difusión de la investigación, por medio de una publicación impulsada semanalmente, de noviembre de 2016 a enero de 2017. Los datos fueron analizados de forma uni y bivariada con la ayuda del software SPSS. Resultados: hubo un predominio de participantes jóvenes (25 años), con educación superior completa (57,8%) y homosexuales (75,7%), que conocieron a sus parejas a través de aplicaciones (64,1%), utilizando principalmente Tinder® (57,3%) y Grindr® (53,3%) para fi nes sexuales (69,7%). La prevalencia de ITS fue de 11,1%, siendo 7,1 de VIH. Los factores asociados al uso de preservativos fueron: conocer a la pareja a través de la app (p=0,003), utilizar Grindr® (p=0,002), Scruff® (p=0,027) o Hornet® (p<0,001), usar las apps para amistad (p<0,001), sexo (p<0,001) o relaciones (p<0,001), frecuencia de uso de la aplicación (p<0,001) y utilizar las apps durante la noche (p=0,003). Conclusión: los usuarios son jóvenes, con alto nivel educativo y que demuestran familiaridad con las apps por el tiempo de uso. La prevalencia de Corresponding author ITS fue elevada, sobre todo de la infección por el VIH. Características sociodemográfi cas y particularidades del uso y consumo de las aplicaciones Matheus Costa Brandão Matos están asociadas a la utilización consistente del preservativo, principalmente el motivo de uso, frecuencia, horario y aplicación utilizada. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-1679 E-mail: [email protected] DOI How to cite: Queiroz AA, Matos MC, Araújo TM, Reis RK, Sousa AF. Sexually transmitted infections and factors associated with condom use in dating http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982- app users in Brazil. Acta Paul Enferm. 2019;32(5):546-53. 0194201900076 1Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. 2Departamento de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil. 3Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa Portugal. Confl icts of interest: none to declare. 546 Acta Paul Enferm. 2019; 32(5):546-53. Queiroz AA, Matos MC, Araújo TM, Reis RK, Sousa AF Introduction Methods Men who have sex with men (MSM) belong to a This was a descriptive and cohort cross-sectional population which classically presents additional vul- study with 2250 individuals who participated in nerability to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the epidemiological survey “Behaviors, Practices due to factors such as homophobia, discrimination, and Vulnerabilities of men who have sex with difficulty accessing health services and sexual behav- men who use geosocial dating apps in Brazil” ior.(1) Coupled with these vulnerabilities, the use of (Comportamentos, Práticas e Vulnerabilidades de geosocial dating apps to find partners has boosted homens que fazem sexo com homens usuários de apli- vulnerability behaviors.(2,3) cativos para encontros baseado em geolocalização no Even though the literature presents sever- Brasil)” The study was coordinated by research- al studies about this issue worldwide, most are es of the Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing at conducted in the United States and other devel- the University of São Paulo, in partnership with oped countries, with a lack of studies in Latin the Federal University of Piauí and the Federal America that would allow to establish a profile Fluminense University. of app users.(2,4) In general, previous studies To reach the intended sample size, the study was have shown that the use of these apps to find disseminated on Facebook®. A fixed post was creat- sexual partners can result in new patterns of ed associated with the survey’s official page (https:// behaviors and relationships that place MSM at www.facebook.com/taafimdeque/), presenting risk of STIs.(4-7) information about the study and an invitation to In general, there are two types of apps: those participate. This post was boosted weekly, between aimed at the general population and those directed November 2016 and January 2017, reaching all re- only at specific populations, such as lesbians, gays, gions of Brazil, until the planned sample size was bisexuals, transvestites, transsexuals, and transgen- reached. ders (LGBTQ+). Among the latter, the most pop- The post contained a hyperlink that provid- ular in Brazil and the world are Grindr®, SCRUFF® ed access to the survey questionnaire, which was and Hornet®. The first of its kind, Grindr® alone subdivided into four sections in order to obtain has 2.4 million active users every day in almost 200 social, demographic and health information on countries.(2) the participants: (1) Personal characteristics; (2) Even though the market for these apps is one of Sociocultural characteristics; (3) Health issues; the greatest in the technology field, little is known and (4) Sexual practices. The researchers used about Brazil’s participation, with most information the free tool Google forms to create a form pro- limited to assumptions made by high-circulation jected so that all questions had to be answered. nonscientific newspapers.(8) Identifying the profile The questionnaire would only be considered for of users is the first step to assessing vulnerability analysis if all the conditions had been met, and, behaviors and provide an idea of the social, demo- therefore, incomplete surveys were not saved by graphic and use characteristics that can influence the system. To answer the questionnaire, partic- the consumption of apps and, consequently, associ- ipants provided their email address, preventing ated vulnerabilities.(9) duplicated entries.
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