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Washougal River Fish Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and the Toe-Width Method for Wrias 25, 26, 28, and 29

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Washougal River Fish Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and the Toe-Width Method for Wrias 25, 26, 28, and 29 Open File Technical Report Washougal River Fish Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and the Toe-Width Method for WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29 June 1999 Publication # 99-153 Open File Technical Report Washougal River Fish Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and the Toe-Width Method for WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29 By Brad Caldwell Water Resources Program And Jim Shedd Environmental Assessment Program Washington State Department of Ecology P.O. Box 47600 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 And Hal Beecher Habitat Program Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife P.O. Box 43200 Olympia, WA 98501-1091 June 1999 Publication # 99-153 Ecology is an equal-opportunity employer. If you have special accommodation needs or require this document in an alternative format, please contact Paula Smith at (360) 407-6607 (Voice) or (360) 407-6006 (TDD). ii SUMMARY The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) conducted an instream flow study on the Washougal River using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). In addition, we collected Toe-Width information on 33 streams in WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29. These WRIAs are the Grays/Elochoman, the Cowlitz, the Salmon/Washougal, and the Wind/White Salmon, respectively. These studies provide information about the relationship between streamflows and fish habitat which can be used in developing minimum instream flow requirements for fish in the Washougal River and the 33 chosen streams in WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29. For the IFIM study on the Washougal River one site, composed of eight transects, was chosen. The site was located at approximate River Mile 3.5 at Hathaway Park. Streamflow measurements and substrate information were recorded at high, medium, medium-low, and low flow. This information was entered into the IFG4 hydraulic model to simulate the distribution of water depths and velocities with respect to substrate and cover under a variety of flows. Using the HABTAT model, the simulated information was then used to generate an index of change in available habitat relative to changes in flow; this index is referred to as "weighted usable area" (WUA). Determination of a minimum instream flows for WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29 will require setting priorities for river reaches, fish species and lifestages. Different fish species and lifestages exist simultaneously in the river and each has a different flow requirement. There is no single flow that will simultaneously provide optimum habitat for all fish species and lifestages. In addition, minimum instream flows must include flows necessary for incubation of fish eggs, smolt out-migration, fish passage to spawning grounds, and prevention of stranding fry and juveniles. Other variables to be considered include water temperature, water quality, and sediment load. These variables were not addressed in this study. No instream flow recommendations were made in this report. Those recommendations would be the next step after this study. Instream flow determinations would require an evaluation of the environmental variables listed above combined with the long-range fishery management objectives of the state and federal natural resource agencies and affected Tribes. Some results of the IFIM study are portrayed in the table below: Flow and Habitat Relationships for the Washougal River Species Instream Flow Instream Flow Which Provides Which Provides Maximum Maximum Spawning Habitat Juvenile Habitat Chinook 425 cfs 225 cfs Steelhead 375 cfs 525 cfs Coho 225 cfs N/A ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank Joshua Husseman (Ecology), Jeff Marti (Ecology), Clay Keown (Ecology), and Cynthia Pratt (Fish and Wildlife) for having provided valuable assistance in gathering field data. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements................................................................................................iii Table of Contents...................................................................................................iv Introduction.............................................................................................................1 Project Background.................................................................................................1 Hydrology…………………………………………………………………………1 Fish Use and Status………………………………………………………………..3 Study Method: Instream Flow Incremental Methodology.......................................5 Hydraulic Model..............................................................................................…....6 Results and Discussion............................................................................…...........10 Study Method: Toe-Width………...................................................................…...10 Results and Discussion……………………………………………………..……..10 Study Method: Tennant Method…………………………………………………..22 Literature Cited...........................................................................................….…....24 Appendices..................................................................................................…........25 A. Hydrographs of 9 streams and rivers in WRIAs 25, 26, 28, and 29……26 B. Maps of Chinook, Steelhead, and Chum ESUs in WRIAs 25,26,28,29..35 C. Calibration Information for the IFIM Computer Model…………….….39 1. IFG4 Input File………………………………………………………40 2. Summary of Calibration Details………………………………….….47 3. Summary of Data Changes……………………………………….….48 4. Velocity Adjustment Factors…………………………………….…. 51 D. Fish Habitat Preference Curves……………………………………… ..57 E. Substrate and Cover Codes…………..…………………………………60 iv Introduction The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) is mandated by the 1971 Water Resources Act (Chapter 90.54 RCW) to maintain instream flows necessary to provide for preservation of wildlife, fish, scenic, aesthetic and other environmental values. As part of Ecology’s commitment to the Lower Columbia Steelhead Conservation Initiative to provide more protection for salmonids after the listing of steelhead as a threatened species in the lower Columbia River in March 1998, Ecology agreed to conduct instream flow studies to provide information for determining instream flows. To determine appropriate minimum instream flows for fish habitat, one tool Ecology often uses is the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) to generate some of the necessary information. Another tool is the Toe-Width Method to generate streamflows needed by fish. The minimum flows determined by Ecology cannot take away any existing water rights and serve to protect existing water right users by restricting new upstream diversions if the river is already experiencing low flows. This information may be used by Ecology to determine the impact of future water appropriations on fish habitat or to condition new water rights to protect instream flows for fish habitat. Study participants included staff from Ecology and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW). Project Background: Location and Description The Washougal River is located in southwest Washington in Skamania and Clark counties originating in the south Washington Cascade mountain range. The Washougal River flows southwesterly approximately 33 miles to its confluence with the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 121 at the city of Camas. The Washougal River watershed encompasses about 240 square miles in a geographical region known as the Willamette-Puget trough (WDF, 1990). The lower two miles of the river are in the Columbia River valley. A narrow, shallow valley characterizes the next eleven miles upstream. Beyond this valley is a narrow, deep canyon extending into the Yacolt burn area (WDF et al., 1993). The major tributaries to the Washougal River include the Little Washougal River, Cougar Creek, Canyon Creek, West Fork Washougal River, and Dougan Creek among other numerous smaller tributaries. The major population concentration of the Washougal basin is centered on the cities of Washougal and Camas located on the short confined floodplain at the mouth of the river. Private residential developments are dispersed along State Route 140, which follows the river upstream from Washougal. Agricultural development in the area has been limited primarily to the lower reaches of the watershed due to more rugged topography upstream (WDF, 1990). The climate of the watershed is characterized by warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Annual rainfall varies throughout the drainage area due to elevation differences. The lower portion of the watershed averages about 50 inches of rainfall per year while the upper elevations of the watershed receive an average of 110 inches annually. There are no permanent snow packs or reservoirs on the river so stream flow is mainly a result of precipitation runoff and groundwater recharge (WDF, 1990) Hydrology The daily exceedence flows for the Washougal River are portrayed in Figure 1. This graph is based upon daily averages from a 1944-81 period of record obtained from the USGS gage near Washougal at RM 9.2. The 1 Figure 1. Hydrograph of the Washougal River. Washougal River Near Washougal, WA Flow Exceedance Probability Hydrograph 10000 1000 Flow Exceedance 10% 50% 90% Flow (cfs)Flow 100 10 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Days 1944-1981 Gage 14143500 RM 9.2 108 sq mi 2 exceedence graph is useful in assessing variances in streamflows at certain times of the year rather than relying on a single number such as mean
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