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USGS Scientific Investigations Map 3257

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USGS Scientific Investigations Map 3257 (LACAMAS CREEK) U.S. Department of the Interior Scientific Investigations Map 3257 U.S. Geological Survey Pamphlet accompanies map 122o22'30" o (BOBS MOUNTAIN) 549000mE 550 551 1 530 000 FEET (OREG.) 20' 553 (LARCH MOUNTAIN) 554 555 17' 30" 556 557 1 550 000 FEET (WASH.) 558 C' 122 15' 45o37'30" 45o37'30" CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS deposition behind the immense Missoula flood bar extend- May locally include compositionally similar loess. Region- poorly known but probably ranges from middle Miocene basalt flows in the Columbia Basin. Nomenclature follows percent; as large as 7 mm across), olivine (9 percent; 1 to Ttfc Ttfc 3 20 Tbem Ta Tsr Tsr Ttfc Tt Qls Qa 19 Tt [Age of epoch boundaries from time scale of Ogg and others (2008). 40Ar/39Ar ages shown are from table 2] ing southwestward of Broughton Bluff (Evarts and ally correlative to Trimble’s (1963) Quaternary lacustrine to middle Pliocene; in Mount Norway area, well logs Swanson and others (1979) and Beeson and others (1985) 2 mm across; slightly altered to smectite), and augite (1–2 26 Qtdwu Qtdw 18 Ta u Qtdw Approximate Qa 1 Tbem Ta u O’Connor, 2008) that temporarily blocked the Sandy River deposits (Qlg), but he shows no such deposits in the map indicate unit underlies the conglomerate member of the percent; 0.5 to 1 mm across) in a coarse intergranular Ttfc Ttfc age in Ma SURFICIAL DEPOSITS Priest Rapids Member—Uppermost member of the Qa Qa Qls area Ttfc 0 at its confluence with the Columbia River. Equivalent to Troutdale Formation ( ) along a sharp, probably Wanapum Basalt (Swanson and others, 1979). In this quad- groundmass of plagioclase, augite, and Fe-Ti oxide. Qls Tbem Tbem 40 Tob Ttfc Tvs 5052000mN Tbem Qa 110 000 FEET af Sandy River terrace deposits (Qtds) mapped in adjacent Qfg unconformable, contact, whereas to west of map area, it Exhibits low-potassium tholeiite chemistry 11 (WASH.) Qh Gravel facies—Unconsolidated, gray, stratified, bouldery to rangle, represented by a single intracanyon flow Qtdl Qtdw Qe Qac Camas quadrangle (Evarts and O’Connor, 2008) and cobbly gravel and sand organized into prominent large bar underlies or is interbedded with lower part of hyaloclastic Tbem Ttfc Tsr l Qls Qa A' 0.0002 Twpr Basalt of Rosalia of Beeson and others (1989)—Thick Basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain of Evarts (2006b) Qt Sandy River Washougal River Holocene equivalent in part to Estacada Formation of Trimble (1963) sandstone member of Troutdale Formation (Ttfh) (Evarts r Qls Qa along lower reach of Washougal River. Base not exposed, (Oligocene)—Sequence of lava flows and flow breccia Tsr terrace deposits terrace deposits flow and associated hyaloclastite of olivine- and Ttfc Qa and O’Connor, 2008) inferred to be about 3 to 4 m.y. old; Qtdwl Qtds2 Terrace deposits 2 (Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sandy but bars reach heights of 20 m above enveloping Columbia composed of dark-gray to brown, porphyritic to seriate to Qtdwu plagioclase-microphyric basalt; fills paleocanyon cut into Qa Qmbp Qt Qls Qt Qtds Qtdw River floodplain. Well logs west of map area indicated plant fossils from localities near top of unit along Sandy Qa Ttfc Qa Qls 1 l gravel underlying distinct benches along the Sandy River Frenchman Springs Member, Grande Ronde Basalt, and aphyric tholeiitic basaltic andesite and basalt; unit locally Qa ? River just south of quadrangle assigned an early Pliocene Ttfc 39 ? valley; as thick as 20 m but only exposed along steep total thickness locally as great as 68 m (Hoffstetter, 1984; older rocks (Waters, 1973; Tolan, 1982; Tolan and Beeson, includes minor volcaniclastic rocks too small or poorly Qt Cataclysmic-flood desposits age (Chaney, 1944; Treasher, 1942; Trimble, 1963; Tolan valley slopes and in cuts along roads and tracks descending Hartford and McFarland, 1989). Texturally and composi- 1984); approx 200 m thick near southwest margin of paleo- exposed to map. As thick as 1.3 km in map area. 10 29 0.015 Qtdw Qtdl tionally variable; most clasts derived from Columbia River and Beeson, 1984) Qls Qlo Qfs Qfg u to valley bottom. Consists of subhorizontal gravel sheets, canyon at Chanticleer Point; more than 220 m thick along Individual flows generally about 5 to 8 m thick and Qtdw Qls Qa l Tbem 0.5–5 m thick, locally separated by thin sand lenses; poorly Basalt Group but also includes blocks of Troutdale Forma- axis of paleocanyon at Crown Point, just east of map area exhibit platy to blocky to columnar jointing. Typical Qls Qa Ta sorted, locally imbricated, minimally weathered; varies tion and Pliocene–Quaternary Cascadian basalt, all prob- VOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE BORING VOLCANIC FIELD flows contain phenocrysts and glomerocrysts of weakly 50 Qmmn (Tolan, 1982). Lava flow, with thin colonnade and thick, 51 Tvs 41 ? ? from compact clast-supported boulder and cobble gravel ably entrained in western Columbia River Gorge. Likely zoned plagioclase (0–25 percent; 1 to 6 mm, rarely more Tbem 41 5051 Qtds Qmmn Basaltic andesite of Mount Norway (Pleistocene)-Light- hackly jointed entablature, sharply overlies and locally 2 with sand matrix to loose open-work cobble gravel; suban- deposited during multiple flood events between 20 and 15 than 10 mm long; variably replaced by zeolites and (or) 17 693±9 ka gray, aphyric, pilotaxitic, calc-alkaline basaltic andesite invades stratified hyaloclastite, which constitutes 25–60 15 gular to well rounded clasts include common large (to 1 m ka (Benito and O’Connor, 2003; O’Connor and Benito, clay) and olivine (<3 percent; 0.5 to 3 mm across; com- 9 percent of total thickness (Tolan, 1982; Tolan and Beeson, (56–57 wt percent SiO2) underlying area around Mount Tsr? Qtds diameter) boulders of hornblende andesite, especially near 2009). Finer sand facies probably deposited by late floods monly partly resorbed and surrounded by rinds of granular Tsr Qtdw ? 3 Norway (Trimble, 1963; Allen, 1975; Mundorff, 1964); 1984); locally grades laterally into pillow-lava zones, QTc Qtdwl l base. Overlies hyaloclastic sandstone member of the confined to Columbia River valley. Mostly equivalent to pyroxene and (or) magnetite; rarely contain minute chro- T 2 N 42 T 2 N very platy flow with weathered vesicular flowtop well which are unrelated to basal hyaloclastite (Waters, 1973; Qa Qt Troutdale Formation (Ttfh) at elevations between 140 and Trimble’s (1963) Quaternary lacustrine gravel (Qlg) but mian spinel inclusions; almost invariably replaced by T 1 N T 1 N ? exposed in headwall scarp of large landslide complex Tolan, 1982; Tolan and Beeson, 1984). Hyaloclastite is 14 43 QUATERNARY 205 ft (40 and 60 m). Everywhere overlain by fine-grained unit includes local sand accumulations below 200 ft (60 m) some combination of smectite, hematite, carbonate, Qtdwl along Washougal River; well logs indicate flow is more well indurated, poorly sorted, and composed of 12 VOLCANIC ROCKS OF THE Missoula-flood deposits (Qfs) at elevations between 165 elevation, in part mapped as sand and silt deposits (Qs) by serpentine, quartz and kaolinite). Some flows also contain 21 than 120 m thick north of Nichols Hill. Weathered scoria subrounded to well-rounded, sand- to cobble-size clasts of BORING VOLCANIC FIELD and 245 ft (50 and 75 m). Locally capped at southern end Trimble (1963) phenocrysts of augite (<1 percent; 0.5 to 1 mm across) Pleistocene and ash cut by dike exposed in roadcut on north flank of brownish-yellow, partially palagonitized sideromelane 5050 of map area by <3 m of horizontally bedded feldspar- and (Tolan, 1982). Local foreset bedding and clast imbrication and microphenocrysts of Fe-Ti oxide. Groundmass Qmmn 683±9 ka Mount Norway, which presumably marks vent; Nichols 50 lithic-rich sand and angular andesite gravel supported by BASIN-FILL DEPOSITS consists of plagioclase, augite, Fe-Ti oxide, and minor to 50 Hill also composed of pyroclastic debris and is probably a indicate northwest transport direction. Lava flow is Tvs silt and sand matrix; inferred to represent lahar and lahar- abundant interstitial glass (largely devitrified or replaced 6 4 subsidiary vent. Overlies basaltic andesite of Bear Prairie plagioclase-microphyric and contains rare plagioclase Qa Qmpm QTc Unnamed conglomerate (Pleistocene and Pliocene?)- QTc runout deposits, probably from Mount Hood eruptions, and Qmbp crystals to 10 mm long in intergranular to intersertal by smectite, quartz, or calcite); groundmass textures 2 ( ). Chemically characterized by intermediate K2O Qtdwl 1.0 probably correlative to similar but thicker volcanogenic Unconsolidated to semiconsolidated, deeply weathered, chiefly intergranular to trachytic, less commonly subo- A Qtdwu 20 content (about 0.9 wt percent). Normal magnetic polarity groundmass of plagioclase, olivine, augite, Fe-Ti oxides, 710 000 FEET sequences south of map area (J.W. Vallance and J.E. pebbly to bouldery conglomerate; overlies lithologically phitic or microphyric. All flows in unit are tholeiitic, and Qbch 1,159±14 ka (J.T. Hagstrum, written commun., 2008); sample from and minor to abundant interstitial glass; vesicles typically (OREG.) similar but older conglomerate member of the Troutdale Qls O’Connor, unpub. mapping). Age uncertain, but lack of filled with yellow clay. Chemistry of flow and hyaloclas- many are exceptionally rich in Fe (FeO* as high as 13 wt. Formation (Ttfc); thick-bedded, poorly sorted to moder- roadcut directly northwest of Mount Norway gave an Tbem weathering at contact with overlying fine-grained 40 39 tite similar, resembling the Rosalia chemical type of Swan- percent) and poor in Sr (<300 ppm) compared to mafic
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