PC-NET's Guide to Personal & Neighborhood Preparedness

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GettingGetting ReadyReady PC-NET’s guide to Personal & Neighborhood Preparedness The original neighborhood preparedness model utilized for this program comes from the City of Seattle’s SDART curricu- lum written by LuAn Johnson, PhD, and FEMA’s CERT program. These combined curricula provide PC-NET with a comprehensive neighborhood preparedness program.

PC-NET 2004 PC-NET’s Mission Statement

The Pierce County Depart- ment of Emergency Man- agement is proud to sponsor the Pierce County Neighbor- hood Emergency Team (PC-NET) program. This program is offered throughout Pierce County and is de- signed to provide citizens with the skills, knowledge and tools to be able to respond to an emergency in their own neighborhoods.

While we recognize our vulnerability to many hazards in our area, our primary natural hazard in the Puget Sound is major earthquakes. Consequently, our focus is directed toward preparing for a major earthquake. If we learn to respond to earthquakes that happen without warning, we feel we can respond to most any disaster.

Pierce County Neighborhood Emergency Teams - neighbors helping neighbors - is but part of the story. When emergency capabilities become overwhelmed, by default the citizens in the neighborhood become the first responders. PC-NET provides the training and uses a team building process to take the skills, abilities and capabilities of residents and matches them to one of six response teams. Teams train to respond using tabletop exercises as well as functional drills. An additional com- ponent to this program is the Neighborhood Action Team (NAT) program. This is the Homeland Security, Crime Prevention piece that is presented by a Crime Prevention Specialist from the Pierce County Sheriff’s Department. This program is tailor made to address the concerns of the individual neighborhood.

We congratulate you for choosing to be a part of the PC-NET program in your community. Your commitment to your family and neighbors shows you wish to make a difference in your community. It's fun, it's easy and very rewarding.

PC-NET 2004 Personal and Home Disaster Preparedness 1st 12th disaster structural plan 2nd preparedness 11th water

garage & storage

72-hour 3rd

kit

fire 10th safety DART DS art

kitchen & Board

cabinets Board 4th

wall 9th hangings emergency

supplies utility 5th

safety

8th water

heater tall

furniture6th 7th

To contact us: Keys to Success Pierce County Department of Emergency Management • choose one hour each PC-NET Program month to do the 2401 S 35th Street, Room 2 designated activity Tacoma, WA 98409 • write it on the calendar 253-798-2751 or 253-798-2168 (Voice) • give the activity your 253-798-3131 (fax) highest priority when that day on the www.piercecountywa.org calendar arrives [email protected] or [email protected] (e-mail)

PC-NET 2004 PC-NET’s guide to Personal & Neighborhood Preparedness

Personal Preparedness - monthly Dart Board activities

page ...... 2 Pacific Northwest Threats & Hazards ...... 8 Personal disaster plan ...... 10 Water ...... 12 Three-day emergency kit ...... 14 Wall hangings ...... 16 Utility safety ...... 18 Tall furniture ...... 20 Water heater ...... 22 Emergency supplies ...... 24 Kitchen & cabinets ...... 26 Fire safety ...... 28 Garage & storage ...... 30 Structural preparedness Neighborhood Preparedness - Disaster Response Teams

page ...... 34 9-step neighborhood response plan ...... 35 Block coordination ...... 37 First aid ...... 39 Light search & rescue ...... 41 Safety & security ...... 43 Sheltering & special needs ...... 45 Communications ...... 47 Damage assessment Neighborhood Resource Pages

page ...... 50 Neighborhood preparedness process ...... 51 Disaster response summary ...... 52 Sample neighborhood map ...... 53 Neighborhood supply kit ...... 54 Making an emergency stretcher ...... 55 NOAA Weather Radio ...... 56 Disaster mental health ...... 57 Pet preparedness ...... 58 Before • during • after tsunamis ...... 59 Before • during • after floods ...... 60 Before • during • after tornados ...... 61 Before • during • after winter storms / blizzards ...... 61 Before • during • after acts of terror ...... 64 Sheltering in place Getting Ready… ...... 66 The national threat warning system for terrorist acts ...... 67 Out-of-area contact cards ...... 69 Neighborhood information & skills inventory

PC-NET 2004 1 PC-NET

Pacific Northwest Threats & Hazards

Disaster defined A disaster, by definition, is any event that overwhelms the capacity of 9-1-1 emergency police, fire, medical, and utility responders - • earthquakes • tsunamis • floods • wildland fires • hurricanes, tornados, & windstorms • terrorism

Disasters typically happen with little or no warning, and can leave us cut off from outside support for as long as three days.

While there are no guarantees, individuals who are prepared typically experience a reduction in loss, injury, damage, and trauma. Neighborhoods that are prepared are ready to complete vital response activity more quickly, doing the greatest good for the greatest number, and minimizing the risk to the neighborhood responders.

This workbook focuses on all-hazard can-do preparedness for individuals and neighborhoods. Because earthquakes continue to be the greatest natural threat in the Pacific Northwest, the Dart Board focuses on preparing for that disaster. Information for other specific disaster threats follows.

Because acts of terror also continue to threaten us, preparedness information for terrorism is found on pages 61 - 66.

Earthquake Earthquakes are a shaking or a trembling of the earth, caused by underground volcanic forces or by the breaking and shifting of giant slabs of rock beneath the surface. The greatest earthquake risk is the west coast, including the Pacific Northwest.

Earthquakes are classified as small, moderate, major, or great, based on how much energy they release, as measured by the Richter scale:

Classifications Richter Scale Magnitudes small 3.0 – 5.9 moderate 6.0 – 6.9 major 7.0 – 7.9 great 8.0 – 10

The Richter scale is logarithmic, meaning these numbers increase exponentially. Each whole number is 10 times larger than the previous whole number. For example, a 5.2 is 10 times stronger than a 4.2 – a 6.2 is 100 times stronger than a 4.2, a 7.2 is 1,000 times stronger than a 4.2, and a 8.2 is 10,000 times stronger than a 4.2.

PC-NET 2 2004 PC-NET

Pacific Northwest Threats & Hazards

Tsunami Coastal Tsunami Since 1946, six tsunamis have killed more than 350 people and damaged $500 million of property in Alaska, Hawaii, and the west coast. A Tsunami is a large ocean wave caused by earthquakes and underwater landslides. These waves travel an average of 450 miles per hour in the open ocean. As they approach the coast, their speed decreases and their amplitude increases, reaching heights of over 100 feet.

From the initial earthquake or underwater landslide, waves travel outward in all directions much like the ripples caused by throwing a rock into a pond. As these waves approach the coast, the time between successive wave crests varies from five to 90 minutes. The first wave is usually not the largest nor the most significant. One coastal community may experience no damaging waves, while another, not that far away, may experience vast destruction.

Areas at greatest risk are generally 25 feet above sea level and within one mile of the shoreline. Most deaths are caused by drowning. Associated risks include flooding, contamination of drinking water, and fire from ruptured tanks and gas lines.

Advisory an earthquake has occurred which might generate a tsunami

Watch a tsunami was or may have been generated, but is at least two hours away

Warning a tsunami was or may have been generated which could cause damage - people in the warned area are strongly advised to evacuate

Tsunami Warning Signs - A strong earthquake lasting 20 seconds or more near the coast may generate a tsunami. A noticeable rise or fall in coastal waters could indicate a tsunami is approaching. Tsunamis most frequently come onshore as a rapidly rising turbulent surge of water choked with debris.

Inland Tsunami

Earthquakes or landslides can cause inland tsunamis. Land masses falling into the water can create a wave that would affect low-lying areas such as Dyes Inlet and Sinclair Inlet. Waves created by inland tsunamis can cause damage to ports, marinas, and other structures or businesses on the waterfront.

PC-NET 2004 3 PC-NET

Pacific Northwest Threats & Hazards

Flood Flooding occurs anytime a body of water rises to cover what is usually dry land. Floods have many causes including heavy rain, spring snowmelt, hurricanes, coastal storms, and dam or levee failure.

Flash floods, flooding that occurs with little or no warning, causes great risk to people and animals. Land along rivers, lakeshores, and coastlines is particularly susceptible to flooding. On average, rivers overflow their normal boundaries once every two years.

Tornado Tornadoes rarely occur in the Pacific Northwest. They are powerful, circular windstorms that may be accompanied by winds of 200 or more miles per hour. They may range in width from several yards to more than one mile across. Areas in the midwest and south are the most susceptible to tornado activity.

Winter Storm A major winter storm can last for several days and be accompanied by high winds, freezing rain, heavy snowfall, and very cold temperatures. People can be trapped at home, without utilities and other services. Heavy snowfalls and blizzards can trap motorists in their cars - attempting to walk for help in a blizzard can be a deadly decision.

Winter Storm Watch - a winter storm is possible in your area

Winter Storm Warning - a winter storm will soon occur in your area

Blizzard Warning - sustained winds or frequent gusts to 35 mph or greater and considerable falling or blowing snow expected to prevail for three hours or longer

Exhaustion and heart attacks caused by overexertion are the two most likely causes of winter storm-related deaths. Elderly people account for the largest percentage of hypothermia victims.

Terrorism Terrorism is the use of force or violence for the purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom. Terrorists often use threats to create fear among the public, to try to convince citizens that their government is powerless to prevent terrorism, and to get publicity for their causes. Terrorists may use chemicals, biological agents, or nuclear or dirty bombs to achieve their objectives.

Chemical Attack A chemical attack is the deliberate release of a toxic gas, liquid, or solid that can poison people and the environment. These chemicals act immediately on physical systems to cause death or debilitation. Watch for signs such as many people suffering from watery eyes, twitching, choking, having trouble breathing, or losing coordination. Many sick or dead birds, fish, or small animals are also cause for suspicion. Fortunately, it is very difficult to achieve a harmful chemical release. For example, chemicals won’t work when it is freezing, don’t work when it is hot, are spread too thin too fast by the wind, must be in high enough

PC-NET 4 2004 PC-NET Pacific Northwest Threats & Hazards concentrations to work, and must get on you or you must inhale them. Symptoms include: sudden headache, dimmed vision, sudden runny nose, excessive saliva/drooling, difficulty breathing, tightness in chest, nausea, and stomach cramps.

Biological Attack A biological attack is the intentional release of germs or other biological substances to inflict harm. Many agents must be inhaled, enter through a cut in the skin or be eaten to make you sick. Some biological agents can cause contagious diseases, others do not. Examples include anthrax, small pox, bubonic plague. A biological attack may or may not be immediately obvious. While it is possible that you will see signs of a biological attack it is perhaps more likely that local health care workers will report a pattern of unusual illness.

As with a chemical agent, it is difficult to execute a successful biological attack. It is difficult to develop and disperse an effective agent. Effective dispersal affected by air & ground temperature, humidity, sunlight, precipitation, wind speed, and obstacles such as buildings. Experts generally agree that the more you know about this stuff, the more you realize how hard it is to use. For example, during the period following 9/11 in which one person died each week from anthrax, 400 people died each week from flu and related ailments.

Nuclear Threat A nuclear bomb, made of highly enriched uranium and plutonium, is composed of three ray types: alpha rays (skin stops these), beta rays (newspaper and clothing stop these), and gamma rays (most dangerous; takes a lot of these to kill). Nuclear devices are developed only through sophisticated nuclear weapons programs. They produce a massive explosive blast (shock wave), intense heat, intense radiation near detonation site, and death from trauma or significant radiation sickness. It is difficult to obtain sufficient materials and to develop them into a bomb.

Dirty Bomb Threat A dirty bomb is a bomb made of common explosives used to spread radioactive materials. It is not a nuclear blast. The force of the explosion and radioactive contamination will be more localized. It is unlikely to cause a large number of radiation fatalities. But it does have high psychological trauma, economic impacts, and cleanup costs. It produces high danger from flying objects in immediate area and increased long-term risk of some cancers.

Steps one can take to prepare for these threats & hazards is found on pages 58 - 66.

PC-NET 2004 5 Notes & Ideas

PC-NET 6 2004 Getting Ready … Monthly Activities

12th 1st disaster structural plan 2nd preparedness 11th water

garage & storage

72-hour 3rd

kit

fire 10th safety DART SDart

kitchen & Board

cabinets Board 4th

wall 9th hangings emergency

supplies utility 5th

safety

8th water

heater tall

furniture6th 7th Personal Preparedness

Monthly Dart Board Activities

page ...... 8 Personal disaster plan ...... 10 Water ...... 12 Three-day emergency kit ...... 14 Wall hangings ...... 16 Utility safety ...... 18 Tall furniture ...... 20 Water heater ...... 22 Emergency supplies ...... 24 Kitchen & cabinets ...... 26 Fire safety ...... 28 Garage & storage ...... 30 Structural preparedness

PC-NET 2004 7 Personal & Family Disaster Plan

Conquering the instinct to run ❑ 2. Hold Earthquake Drills to practice taking cover in your safe places. During earthquakes, many people’s fight/flight instinct urges them to run! – even when they know they should Regularly call out “earthquake!!” Allow everyone “drop, cover, hold.” time to react. Then, come together and discuss where each of you went, and why it was or was not Studies show that people in our country tend to be hurt the safest place to go. by falling objects, not collapsing structures. If you are on your feet trying to move, you are in danger from Key to Success: Practice, Practice! toppling bookcases, breaking windows, flying dishes, Practicing is what helps ensure you will quickly falling televisions, collapsing fireplaces, or shifting move to your safe place instead of responding to furniture. Safety comes from quickly getting under or the instinctive urge to run. beside something that is taller than you are. You and your loved ones can learn to resist the instinct to run by knowing where safe places are in each room of your home, and by practicing getting to them. ✔ Practicing being safe ❑ 1. Choose a safe place to go in each room and practice quickly moving to that safe place in the: • bedrooms • bathroom • living room • play room • kitchen • garage Safe places include: • under a sturdy table or desk • beside a sofa • beside a bed • under a work bench

Learn to resist the instinct to run. Regularly practice: • Drop – under or beside something sturdy and taller than you are • Cover – the back of your head and neck with one arm • Hold on – in case the thing you’re under or beside moves • Close your eyes – you’ll do better psychologically if you don’t watch, and you’ll protect your eyes

PC-NET 8 2004 Getting Ready … Month #1

Contacting loved ones after disasters ❑ 3. Ask an out-of-area friend to be your contact person. This person should live at least 100 miles away from you. See Did You Know to find out why you can make long distance but not local calls.

Out-of-area contact:

______

Phone number:

______

After a disaster, all household members call this person to tell her or him how they are, and to find out how other household members are.

❑ 4. Make small cards with this person’s name and phone number for all family members to carry in their wallets, purses, or backpacks. Did You Know • Phone lines were “hardened” years ago to withstand nuclear attack and are quite resistant Out-of-Area Contact to damage. It’s difficult to make local calls not PC-NET because of damage, but because of the number of people trying to call at the same time. NAME ______name of person living at least 100 miles away Typically, however, you can make long distance calls. Contact’s phone #'s:______daytime / work residence • One reason the local phone system shuts down during earthquakes is because handsets Fire Meeting Place ______get knocked from their bases. Help restore lo- near our home cal phone service by making sure all your Disaster Mtg. Place ______phones are hung up. in case we cannot get home • You should keep a phone that does not require electricity. Cordless phones use electricity! - if power is out, they will not work.

• Fill out contact cards on page 67 • Pay phones are part of the emergency services network, and are a priority to be restored to • Distribute to all household members service. Tape the coins needed to use a pay phone to your out-of-area contact card.

PC-NET 2004 9 Storing Water

Preventing thirst after a disaster ✔ Storing water Water is essential for survival. The ground trembling ❑ 1. Choose containers that have a tight-fitting and shaking caused by earthquakes can crack or break screw-cap lid. Two-liter pop bottles are a great the lines that bring fresh water to your house. You may choice. have to rely for three days or more on the water you

have stored. 2. Thoroughly rinse out the container with water, and fill it to the very top of the container. For extra How much water should I store? safety, thoroughly rinse the container with a weak solution of liquid chlorine Three (3) gallons for each person in your bleach (8-10 drops in two cups household is the minimum amount required to take water). Empty this solution out and care of drinking, cooking, and hygiene needs for the fill the container right to the top with first three days of a disaster. fresh water.

3. Seal the container tightly.

4. Label it “drinking water” and date it.

5. Store it in a cool, dark place. Examples:

• under the bed • in the corner of closets • behind the sofa

Hint: To make it easy to find many places to put your water, think about this activity as a priority rather than an inconvenience.

Is adding liquid bleach recommended? Which containers are good? In March, 1994, the Food and Drug Administration Plastic containers with a screw-cap lid, such as and the Environmental Protection Agency stated: two-liter soda pop bottles or food-grade plastic jugs, work great. • Tap water from county water systems does not need anything added to it before it is stored If you use two-liter soda pop bottles, plan to because it has already been chemically store at least six (6) of these for each treated. person in your household. • Well water needs to be treated with sixteen Do not use glass bottles or old bleach bottles (or drops of liquid chlorine bleach per gallon (eight any container that has held a toxic substance). drops per two-liter pop bottle) prior to storage. Glass breaks too easily. The plastic of old bleach bottles contains substances that, over time, get • Commercially purchased water does not need into the water and make it unfit for drinking. anything added to it. Keep it in its original, sealed container. Avoid the use of plastic milk jugs. They are difficult to seal tightly, and their plastic becomes very fragile and brittle over time.

PC-NET 10 2004 Getting Ready … Month #2

What about rotation? Additional information:

It is recommended that water be rotated every six • The only thing that should be used to purify water months. is liquid household bleach containing 6.00% sodium hypochlorite and no thickeners, soaps or scents.

Treating water of questionable purity: Other chemicals, such as iodine or products sold in camping or surplus stores ARE NOT 1. Filter the water to remove as many solids as RECOMMENDED AND SHOULD NOT BE possible. Coffee filters, cheesecloth, or several USED. layers of paper towels work well. • Boiling water kills bacteria, viruses, and parasites 2. Bring the water to a rolling boil for a full that can cause illness. Treating water with chlo- 10 minutes. rine bleach kills most viruses, but will probably not kill bacteria. Therefore, boiling and then 3. Let it cool for at least 30 minutes. Water must be adding chlorine bleach is an effective water cool or the chlorine you add next will dissipate and purification method. be rendered useless. • The only accepted measurement of chlorine is 4. Add 16 drops of liquid chlorine bleach per the drop. A drop is specifically measurable. gallon of cool water, or 8 drops per two-liter Other measures, such as “capful” or “scant bottle. The only active ingredient in the bleach teaspoon” are not uniformly measurable, and should be 6.00% sodium hypochlorite, and there should not be used. should be no added thickeners, soaps or fragrances. • There is no difference in the treatment of potentially contaminated water that is cloudy or that 5. Let it stand for 30 minutes. which is clear.

6. If it smells of chlorine, you can use it. If it does not SOURCE: FDA and EPA Report, 1994 smell of chlorine, add 16 more drops of chlorine bleach per gallon, let it stand for another 30 minutes, and smell it again. If it smells of chlorine, you can use it.

If it does not smell of chlorine, discard it and find another source of water.

Distillation - A second method of purification:

1. Fill a pot halfway with water.

2. Tie a cup to the handle on the pot’s lid so that the cup will hang right-side up when the lid is placed upside-down on the pot (make sure the cup is not distillation is an effective dangling in the water). method of water 3. Boil the water for 20 minutes. The water that drips purification from the lid into the cup is distilled.

This method allows the vapor resulting from boiling water to collect in the cup. This condensed vapor will not include salts or other impurities.

PC-NET 2004 11 3-day Emergency Kits

Storing Emergency Supplies ❑ Food Chances are you will have to rely upon supplies you Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable have available in your home for at least the first food. Select foods that require no refrigeration or three days following any major disaster. cooking, and little or no water. Store these items in something that is portable and easily carried, like a plastic tub with a tight-fitting lid. • canned meats, fruits, and vegetables In the event of fire or rapid evacuation, you’ll appre- • canned juices and soups ciate having more than just the clothes on your back. • high energy foods – peanut butter, granola bars, trail mix, beef jerky •“comfort” foods – cookies, hard candy, etc.

❑ First Aid Supplies

• sterile 4" adhesive bandages • sterile 4" x 4" gauze pads • 4" rolled gauze bandages • large triangular bandages • butterfly bandages • adhesive tape • scissors and tweezers • moistened towelettes • bar soap • latex gloves The container should be able to withstand moisture, • aspirin & insects, and some abuse when the quake happens. non-aspirin If you have a large family, several smaller tubs may pain reliever be easier to carry than one large container. • antacid Place items in plastic bags to protect against • anti-diarrhea condensation, which causes mildew and rust. The medication bags newspapers come in are a good choice - these • insect repellent can later be used for disposing of waste. • hydrogen peroxide to disinfect wounds Locate these supplies as close to your primary • antibiotic ointment to dress wounds house exit as possible. You may have to find it in • sunscreen the dark or after the upheaval of an earthquake. • safety pins ✔ • needle & thread • plastic bags ❑ Water • sanitary pads • instant cold packs Keep at least a three-day supply of water for each • pocket knife person in your household. Two-liter soda pop • splinting materials bottles work great. That means six two-liter bottles per person. (See pages 10-11 for more information use a film canister to on storing an emergency supply of water.) store an extra pair of latex gloves in the car glove compartment

PC-NET 12 2004 Getting Ready … Month #3

❑ Tools & Supplies Preparing for disasters is a long-term goal. To make this task manageable, choose just two or three items • paper cups, plates, and plastic utensils that you will get each month. • battery-operated AM radio • extra batteries Month #1 items to buy • flashlight • non-electric can opener Item #1 ______• ABC fire extinguisher • whistle Item #2 ______• toilet paper and towelettes Month #2 • liquid soap • feminine supplies Item #1 ______• roll of plastic and duct tape to seal Item #2 ______broken windows Month #3 Special Items ❑ Item #1 ______

• extra eye glasses Item #2 ______• prescription drugs and medications • baby diapers, food, and formula Month #4 • a family picture • games and books Item #1 ______• copies of insurance policies • bank account numbers Item #2 ______• inventory of valuables • family records • contact lens solution Month #5 • denture adhesive

Item #1 ______Clothing & Bedding ❑ Item #2 ______• one complete change of clothes • blankets or sleeping bags Month #6 • mylar blankets • sturdy shoes Item #1 ______• warm socks • hat and gloves Item #2 ______

Plan to rotate the items in your kit annually. This includes making sure the clothes you have stored still fit!

PC-NET 2004 13 Wall Hangings

Framed pictures – securing them helps prevent cut feet The ground swells and rolls of major earthquakes easily can knock heavy pictures and mirrors off the walls. This can be especially dangerous in the night picture hanging hooks if these unsecured items are located close to your that actually close are bed, or during the day if they are located close to also a good choice for securing pictures your favorite chair or sofa. Cut feet from broken framing glass and mirrors is one of the most common injuries resulting from major earthquakes. Securing your pictures helps prevent this common injury. ✔

❑ Securing artwork, pictures, and mirrors • Use a stud finder to find screw hook into wall, leaving the closest wall stud. just enough space to slide the wire onto the hook • Screw a screw hook into the wall stud so that there is barely enough room to slide the framing wire between the wall and the hook. This will help prevent the wire from jumping off the hook during the potentially violent movement of an earthquake. • If the artwork or mirror is large and / or heavy, you may want to consider securing it to two wall studs. • Secure the bottom corners of these items with Quake-Hold™-type products to keep them from banging against the wall. This helps keep the framing glass from breaking and damaging the artwork or photo.

secure bottom corners with Quake-Hold™ or similar product

PC-NET 14 2004 DART Getting Ready … Month #4 S Board

❑ Securing hanging objects Carefully check the location of all hanging plants and other objects. Determine if these objects are close enough to windows to strike them in the wild motion of an earthquake. If they are, consider moving them. example of a • Find the ceiling stud by using a stud finder. stud finder • Screw the hook directly into the ceiling stud. • Hang the object from this hook. • Close the opening in the hook with a pair of pliers to prevent the object from leaping off the hook during an earthquake.

PC-NET 2004 15 Utility Safety

Natural gas Shutting off the gas after an earthquake Natural gas leaks and explosions are responsible for • Shut off the gas immediately only if you smell a significant number of fires following any major the characteristic odor of gas, you hear a earthquake. It is vital that all household members hissing sound, and/or you notice the meter ✔ know how to shut off the natural gas. dials spinning more rapidly than normal. • Do not use matches, lighters, open flame Preparing to shut off the natural gas appliances, or operate any electrical switches ❑ until you are sure no gas leaks exist. Sparks • Locate the shut-off valve (see illustration). from electrical switches could ignite the gas. Make sure this valve will turn. To shut off the • If you smell natural gas, immediately get gas, turn the valve 90°, or 1/4 turn, so that it everyone out of and away from the house. crosses the pipe (see illustration). Open the windows and doors to provide If your valve is rusted open, do not put ventilation. Shut off the gas at the meter. WD-40™ lubricant on it. It may corrode the O-rings that allow the valve to turn.

CAUTION If you accidentally turn the gas off while practicing, you must call a qualified gas representative to come and turn it on for you. Turning it on yourself will create a gas leak in your home.

• Attach a wrench to the meter or to the wall directly behind the meter.

the shut-off valve is located on the pipe that comes out of the ground

• choose a crescent wrench that is at least 12" long • adjust it to fit your valve before hanging it behind the meter in case it rusts

PC-NET 16 2004 Getting Ready … Month #5

Water Electricity Water quickly becomes a precious resource follow- Electrical sparks have the potential of igniting ing many disasters. It is vital that all household natural gas if it is leaking. It is wise to teach all members learn how to shut off the water at the main responsible household members where and how house valve. to shut off the electricity. • Cracked lines may pollute the water supply to your house. It is wise to shut off your water Preparing to shut off electricity until you hear from the authorities that it is ❑ safe for drinking. • Locate your electricity circuit box. • The effects of gravity may drain the water in • Teach all responsible household members your hot water and toilet tanks unless you trap how to shut off the electricity to the entire it in your house by shutting off the main house house. valve (not the street valve in the cement box at the curb – this valve is extremely difficult to turn and requires a special tool).

❑ Preparing to shut off water • Locate the shut-off valve for the water line that enters your house. It may look like this:

• Make sure this valve can be completely shut off. Your valve may be rusted open, or it may only partially close. Replace it if necessary. • Label this valve with a tag for easy FOR YOUR SAFETY: Always shut off identification, and make sure all household all the individual circuits before shutting members know where it is located. off the main circuit breaker.

PC-NET 2004 17 Securing Tall Furniture

Earthquakes: A Sudden Release of Energy

The forces that create earthquakes cause the earth literally to quake, producing: from a few inches to a few feet in height, and •

from a few seconds to a • few minutes in duration.

Tall pieces of furniture, such as bookcases, china hutches, and armoires are very likely to fall when the ground is rolling and shaking. You can prevent them from falling on someone you care about, and save their contents, by completing these simple steps. ✔ Securing bookcases ❑ & all things tall 1. Secure the furniture item to the wall stud. • locate the wall studs using a stud finder

• secure each furniture piece to at least two wall studs, depending on size and weight, using 4" L-brackets and 3" lag screws, available at all hardware stores

There are commercially available kits utilizing nylon strapping that also are recommended.

2. Place heavy and/or large items on lower shelves to prevent them from flying around the room in an earthquake.

PC-NET 18 2004 Getting Ready … Month #6

❑ 3. The ground swells and rolls of an earthquake can ❑ 4. More delicate items, like knickknacks, pottery, cause anything resting on shelf or counter tops to crystal vases, etc. can be secured with products fall – TVs, stereos, computers, microwaves, like Quake Hold™ or Museum Wax™, available lamps, etc. An easy way to protect against these at many hardware stores. types of losses is to use Velcro™ or other similar products.

• Choose a Velcro™-type product that has adhesive on the back.

• Cut the Velcro™ into large squares. You will need four squares to secure most items, one for each leg or corner of the item.

• Press the two sides of the Velcro™ together.

• Remove the paper from the backs of the Velcro™ to expose the adhesive.

• With the Velcro™ still pressed together, stick it on the legs or corners of the item, and then place the item on the shelf or counter top where you want it located.

PC-NET 2004 19 Securing the Water Heater

Protected source of water – or a puddle ❑ Securing your hot water tank Fresh water after a disaster may be as close as Secure your water heater. your water heater – provided, of course, that it re- • There should be very little space between mains standing upright. A typical water heater the water heater and the wall. If there is holds 30 to 50 gallons of water. more than 1 or 2 inches, attach a wooden However, this supply of water is extremely vulnera- block to the wall studs with long lag ble to the ground undulation (swells and rolls) and screws (see illustration on page 21). The ground acceleration of earthquakes, causing them purpose is to prevent the heater from to tip over. tipping backwards. You can protect this valuable resource by securing • Wrap the heavy-gauge metal strapping your water heater to the wall studs. 1 1/2 times around the tank. Start by placing the strapping at the back of the tank. Bring it to the front and then take it Changes to strapping recommendations back to the wall (see illustration). Experts have modified the recommended procedure • Secure this strapping to the wall studs or for strapping water heaters because many tanks the wood block using several 1/4" x 3" or burst through their strapping in both the 1989 Loma longer lag screws with oversized washers. Prieta (San Francisco) and the 1994 Northridge If you are securing it directly into concrete, (Los Angeles) earthquakes. Experts recommend use 1/4" expansion bolts in place of the ✔ these two important changes: screws.

❑ 1. Secure both the top and the bottom, rather than just the top or just the middle, of the hot water tank. 2. Use heavy-gauge metal strapping rather than plumber’s tape. Many water heaters in both the 1989 and the 1994 earthquakes burst through the plumber’s tape that was intended to keep them secure. Plumber’s tape has been found to be too brittle to be effective. Commercially available kits like this one come complete with the strapping, lag screws, washers, spacers, and tension bolts. These kits can be do NOT use this - purchased at many local hardware this is plumber’s tape stores, and are recommended. use heavy-gauge strapping instead

• Replace all copper and metal piping with flexible natural gas and water line connectors.

PC-NET 20 2004 Getting Ready … Month #7

water heaters are an excellent supply of emergency water water can be accessed from the drain spout - this is made easier by connect- ing a garden hose to the drain spout open a faucet somewhere in the house to allow the water to drain easier make sure the electricity or natural gas is shut off before opening the drain

PC-NET 2004 21 Emergency Supplies

Choosing comfort over inconvenience ❑ Critical under-the-bed items Coping with the impact of a disaster is never fun. • sturdy shoes - keep a pair near the bed to However, much of the inconvenience and discomfort protect your feet from broken glass the disaster causes can be reduced by planning • work gloves, preferably leather, to protect your alternative ways to take care of your needs. hands from broken glass ✔ • hardhat - to protect you from falling objects ❑ Acquiring emergency supplies • flashlight & light sticks At first glance, the list below may seem totally over- • this workbook, the OK / Help card tucked whelming. At second glance, you’ll find that you inside, and a few bandaids so probably already have many of these items. that you always have adhesive to hang the ✘ Check those items you already have. OK card in the window Circle those you don’t have, but are important to following a disaster the comfort of you and your loved ones. ✍ Choose two of those circled, and add them to your weekly shopping list.

❑ Lighting Caution: The use of candles is no longer recommended as a source of emergency light. Experience shows they are responsible for too many secondary fires following the disaster. Additionally, they are very dangerous in the presence of leaking natural gas. ❑ Cooking Caution: Never burn charcoal indoors. This could • flashlights and extra batteries cause carbon monoxide poisoning. • camping lanterns – store extra fuel, wicks, • camp stoves, sterno stoves, or barbecues – mantles and matches store extra propane, • lightsticks – these can provide light for 1 to 12 charcoal or sterno, hours and can be purchased at many camping lighter fluid, and supply stores matches • fireplaces – do not use until the chimney and flue have been inspected for cracks. Sparks may escape into your attic through an undetected crack and start a fire.

lightstick • paper plates and cups • plastic utensils

PC-NET 22 2004 Getting Ready … Month #8

❑❑Sanitation Shelter The lack of sanitation facilities following major It is common for people to not want to sleep in their earthquakes can quickly create secondary problems homes for the first few days following a major unless basic guidelines are followed. If the water earthquake. Having an alternate means of shelter lines are damaged, or if damage is suspected, do will help you and your family be as comfortable as not flush the toilet. possible. Avoid digging holes in the ground and using these. • tent or waterproof tarp Untreated raw sewage can pollute fresh ground • sleeping bags or blankets, and pillows water supplies. It also attracts flies and promotes the spread of diseases. • rain gear • mylar blankets are compact and easy to store • Store a large supply of heavy-duty plastic bags, • newspapers provide insulation from the cold or twist ties, disinfectant, and toilet paper. heat

• A good disinfectant that is easy to use is a Pets solution of one-part liquid bleach to ten-parts ❑ water. Dry bleach is caustic and not safe for this type of Always keep a use. week’s supply of food and water for your pet on hand. • If the toilet is not able to be flushed, it can still be • toilet bowl used. This is less stressful for most people than water is an using some other container. Remove all the bowl excellent water. Line bowl with a heavy-duty plastic bag. supply of When finished, add a small amount of deodorant water for pets or disinfectant, securely tie the bag, and dispose following an of it in a large trash can with a tight fitting lid. earthquake This large trash can should also be lined with a sturdy trash bag. Eventually, the city will provide a means to dispose of these bags. ❑ Emergency information Obtain a battery-powered radio and a supply of • Portable camp toilets, small trash cans, or sturdy extra batteries. buckets lined with heavy-duty plastic bags can be The Pierce County Emergency Alert System (EAS) used. Those with tight fitting lids are best. stations are: KIRO – AM 710 • Large ziplock plastic bags and toilet paper should FM 100.7 be kept at work and in the car for use if you are away from home. These can be wrapped in newspaper in preparation for future disposal.

PC-NET 2004 23 Kitchen & Cabinet Safety

Kitchen Cabinets The ground undulation and acceleration of an D. Push latch earthquake can cause cabinet doors to fly open and • mounts inside cabi- contents to spill onto the floor. Glass jars and dishes net can shatter and cause injuries and damage. Heavy • opens by pushing objects can fly across the room, injuring any in their gently inward on ✔ path or damaging counter tops, floors, or walls. cabinet door

Securing kitchen cabinets ❑ E. Child-proof latch To prevent cabinet doors from flying open, install • inexpensive one of the following types of latches: • takes some getting used to - must reach inside cabinet A. Hook and eye – inexpensive; you may not to release latch close it every time

B. Standard latch – mounts to the front of the door; you may not close it every time

C. Standard latch – closes automatically; mounts to the front of the door

D. Push latches – mounts inside the door; holds the door firmly shut; opens by being pushed gently inward

E. Child-proof – inexpensive; closes automatically; requires an extra action when you open the door; takes some getting used to

PC-NET 24 2004 Getting Ready … Month #9

❑ Securing cabinet contents The contents of cabinets may shift and break in the movement of an earthquake. To help prevent this movement, line your cabinets with rubberized shelf mats. This typically is sold in rolls or pre-cut squares at hardware and variety stores. It is also available at recreational vehicle or boating equipment supply stores.

To protect stacked china plates, place a square of this rubberized matting between each plate in the stack.

PC-NET 2004 25 Fire Safety

Pre-planning: key to your safety ❑ Fire extinguishers When it comes to fire – be smart! If the fire is too big • Locate your fire extinguishers with care. for you to handle, immediately get out of the house. Ready access to them is critical. Fire Don’t stop to gather anything or to do anything. moves quickly – quick access can be the Once you are outside, stay outside. Intense heat difference between putting a small fire out and toxic fumes can kill you. or suffering much damage. ✔ • Several smaller extinguishers located Planning & practicing fire safety ❑ throughout the house are better than one large one that may be difficult to get to 1. Choose a reunion place outside your home. quickly. Our fire reunion place is: ______Key places for your extinguishers are: ______• the kitchen • Regularly remind all household members • the garage, and where this place is. • one on every level if your home has 2. Draw the floor plan of your home, and discuss multiple floors. two ways to exit each room.

• A:B:C extinguishers are recommended: "A" fires – ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, and many plastics

"B" fires – flammable liquids such as gasoline, paints, kitchen grease, and oils

"C" fires – electrical equipment, such as fires in wiring, motors, and appliances 3. Hold a fire drill at least twice each year. Blindfolded, practice crawling your exit routes to simulate getting out of a smoke-filled house.

• Check your extinguishers on a regular basis to ensure they are properly charged.

PC-NET 26 2004 Getting Ready … Month #10

Using a fire extinguisher Possible fires following earthquakes • Try to keep calm. • Natural gas fires – • VITAL: Keep an escape route open between First, shut off the gas. you and the small fire you are attempting to Second, put the fire out by using an extinguish. If the fire is large or becomes too extinguisher, dirt, or water. large, immediately get out of the house. Close the door on your way out to slow the spread of flames. • Electrical fires – • Always point the extinguisher at the base of First, shut off the electricity. the fire rather than at the top of the flames. Second, put out the fire by using an • Remember, if the fire is too big for you to extinguisher, dirt, or water. handle, immediately get yourself and your (CAUTION: If the electricity cannot be shut family out of the house. Don't stop to gather off, DO NOT use water on the fire.) anything or to do anything. Seconds can make all the difference. • Once you are outside, stay outside. Intense • Oil or grease fires – heat and toxic fumes can kill you in seconds. Use baking soda, a lid, a bread board, or a fire extinguisher to smother the flames. NEVER use water on a grease or an oil fire.

P.A.S.S. - a proven and effective system for putting out fire

P. Pull the pin. A. Aim at the base S. Squeeze the S. Sweep the hose of the fire. handle. side to side.

PC-NET 2004 27 Garage & Storage Safety

Household chemicals - potentially lethal ❑ After a disaster - safety with chemicals The ground movement of earthquakes can cause • Always assume that spilled chemicals are toxic. chemical products you have stored in the garage • Do not immediately approach spilled chemicals and under household sinks to spill and potentially in your haste to clean them up. Mixed chemi- mix. These materials can be silent killers or can cals can be extremely hazardous. cause serious injury. ✔ • Close off the room where the spill has occurred. • Before a disaster - safety with chemicals Mark the outside of the room with the problem, ❑ for example, “spilled chemicals inside - use Secure all chemicals so that they cannot fall, break, caution.” and mix. • Notify your Block Coordinator of the spill. Have • Identify poisons, toxins, and solvents in breaka- the Block Coordinator instruct the Communica- ble containers on open shelves. tions Team to report this to the amateur radio • Remove all heavy objects from upper shelves, operators located closest to the neighborhood. especially around the car. • Secure open shelves with nylon webbing (avail- Ways hazardous materials enter the able at hardware stores, boating supply stores, body: and many camping supply stores) or bungee- • inhalation (breathing) - the most common way type straps. (Do not use regular bungee straps with the heavy metal hooks at either end. • absorption - through skin or eyes These may become dislodged and cause seri- • ingestion - swallowing ous eye or other injuries.) • injection - penetrating the skin or falling on • Store paints, gasolines, and other flammable something that punctures the skin liquids away from natural gas water heaters. • Read the labels on all products you purchase. Indicators that a spill has taken place • Separate the chemicals according to manufac- turers’ suggestions to prevent harmful interac- • pungent or noxious odor - never intentionally tions if broken containers should allow the get close enough to smell it chemicals to mix. For example, household • bubbling liquid bleach mixed with ammonia • vapor - anything creates extremely deadly that is releasing chlorine gas. a vapor is having • Know what steps a chemical reac- to take if chemicals tion and should are spilled. be avoided • Dispose of any hazardous materials that are no longer used.

PC-NET 28 2004 Getting Ready … Month #11

❑ Protecting stored foods when the When do I save and when do I throw power goes out out food? • Keep refrigerator and freezer doors closed • Refrigerated foods should be safe as long as much as possible. as the power is out no more than a few A full refrigerator will maintain safe tempera- hours and the doors have been kept Potentially hazardous foods tures for up to six hours. closed. should be discarded if they warm up A full freezer will maintain safe temperatures above 45°F. for up to two days; a half-full freezer for one • day. Frozen foods which are still frozen are not a problem. Discard at-risk refrigerated foods that are potentially hazardous foods warmer than 45° Fahrenheit. If in doubt, If are throw it out. thawed but still have ice crystals, you should use them as soon as possible. • If you think the power will be out • If potentially hazardous foods are for several days, try to find some ° ice to pack inside the refrigerator thawed and warmer than 45 F, you and freezer. should discard them. Remember to keep your raw foods separate from your ready- How do I know if the food is to-eat foods. unsafe to eat? • You cannot rely upon appearance or Foods to be concerned about odor. Never taste food to determine its safety. • Foods are categorized into • Some foods may look and smell fine, groups: but if they’ve been warm too long, food A. Potentially hazard- poisoning bacteria may have grown ous foods are the enough to make you sick. most important. • If possible, use a thermometer to check These include meats, the temperature of the foods. If poten- fish, poultry, dairy tially hazardous foods are colder than products, eggs and 45°F, they are safe. egg products, soft cheeses, cooked beans, cooked rice, What happens when the power goes cooked potatoes, cooked pasta, cus- back on? tards, puddings, etc. • Allow time for refrigerators to reach the may not be hazardous B. Some foods but proper temperature of lower than 45°F be- the quality may be affected. These fore restocking. Start with all fresh foods. foods include salad dressings, mayon- naise, butter, margarine, produce, hard cheeses, etc. C. Some foods are safe. These are carbonated beverages, unopened Remember - bottled juices, ketchup, mustard, relishes, jams, peanut butter, barbecue when in doubt, sauces, etc. throw it out.

PC-NET 2004 29 Structural Mitigation

Wood-framed homes – safe & sound? ❑ Cripple walls Homes that have been framed in wood are generally • Inspect the vertical studs that extend from quite resistant to earthquake damage. While it is the foundation to the first floor of your home. unlikely that conventionally framed houses will These are common in crawl space areas collapse, your assurances of safety are dramatically and are called cripple walls. If they are improved if the home remains on its foundation, and exposed (for example, without sheathing) on the roof, ceiling, and walls remain connected. If you the inside, they could buckle in the ground have specific questions about your home, please motion that accompanies many large contact an engineer experienced in seismic earthquakes. strengthening. These can be found in the yellow • Strengthen the cripple walls by nailing pages of the phone book. plywood sheathing to the vertical studs, sill ✔ plate, and top plate. floor ❑ Securing your foundation exterior siding The majority of residential structural damage is caused by homes sliding off their foundations during major earthquakes. • Check your house and garage for foundation bolts. These bolts secure the wood structure new to the concrete foundation. They should be plywood placed every six feet along the sill plate. sheathing • Using a hammer drill and a carbide bit, drill a hole through the sill plate into the foundation. Place these holes every six feet. • Drop a 1/2" x 8" expansion bolt into the hole and tighten the nut. foundation wall wall stud

sill plate

CAUTION: Retrofitting done improperly may actually cause damage to your home during an earthquake. These pages are intended to illustrate the expansion types of structural retrofitting houses bolt need to be seismically safe. They are NOT intended to provide the specific directions on how to do the retrofitting. concrete foundation wall Call your local building department for complete instructions and permits.

PC-NET 30 2004 Getting Ready … Month #12

❑❑Strengthening the frame Chimney For a building to stay together in an earthquake, all One of the most common types of damage suffered its parts must be fastened together. Commercially in earthquakes is a toppled chimney. This becomes available metal connectors are used to strengthen extremely dangerous when bricks penetrate the roof places where beams, posts, walls, the floor, and the and fall to the rooms below. ceiling join. • Check the chimney for loose tiles and bricks. • Strengthen the connections between ceilings, • Reinforce the ceiling surrounding the chimney walls, and floors using the appropriate with 3/4" plywood nailed to the beams. This hardware: provides protection from falling bricks that might break through the roof.

plywood nailed to attic beams around the chimney

• Inspect all exposed framing in garages, basements, porches, and patio covers. Strengthen this where necessary.

❑ Brick & masonry facades • Check all brick, masonry, and stone facades to make sure they are securely attached to your home. Consult a structural engineer for advice on how to do this. • If your chimney is old and extends more than five feet above the roof, consider bracing it. Check the yellow pages in the phone book for engineers who are experienced in seismic CAUTION: Retrofitting done improperly strengthening. may actually cause damage to your home during an earthquake. These pages are intended to illustrate the types of structural retrofitting houses Windows need to be seismically safe. They are ❑ NOT intended to provide the specific • Inspect all large plate glass windows to make directions on how to do the retrofitting. sure they are safety glass. • Consider adding a safety film to all windows. Call your local building department for This does not prevent the window from complete instructions and permits. breaking, but it does keep the glass from falling and injuring loved ones.

PC-NET 2004 31 Notes & Ideas

PC-NET 32 2004 Getting Ready … Disaster Response Teams

Neighborhood Preparedness

Neighborhood Response Teams

page .....34 The 9-Step Neighborhood Response Plan

....35 Block Coordinator - coordinates neighborhood preparedness & response

....37 First Aid - treats injuries & establishes neighborhood First Aid Station

....39 Light Search & Rescue - finds those injured and/or trapped

.....41 Safety & Security - shuts off leaking natural gas, ropes off downed power lines

.....43 Sheltering & Special Needs - helps children & elderly who might be alone

.....45 Communications - “runs” neighborhood information to a staffed Fire Station

...... 47 Damage Assessment - assesses and reports neighborhood damage

= Teams that immediately need to respond Unmarked Teams are important, but their activities do not immediately impact life and property

PC-NET 2004 33 Our Neighborhood Disaster Response Plan

When disaster occurs, activate this response plan: Neighborhood Locations

1st Care for home Take care of the needs of your own home First Aid Station

2nd Dress for safety Dress as a disaster location in your responder: heavy-soled neighborhood shoes, leather gloves, hard hat or bicycle helmet, long pants, long sleeved shirt 3rd Shut off natural gas As necessary, shut off Sheltering Care Center natural gas at home location in your 4th Shut off water Shut off water at main house neighborhood valve, or the shut-off valves at hot water heater and each toilet tank 5th Post OK / Help Post OK/Help card in a window or on front door so it is easily visible from the street 6th Put fire extinguishers Place fire extinguisher(s) outside outside on front sidewalk or driveway so it is available if needed 7th Go to Response Site Check in at Block Response Site located at: location in your neighborhood Here meet other Response Team Members and coordinate neighborhood response 8th Use Team Checklists, Use checklist for your & always respond in Response Team (in this Teams of at least workbook) and complete two people sequence of activity listed under “After the disaster” 9th Go back to Response Site Go back to Block Response Site and give a report to Block Coordinators of the activity you have performed

34 Block Coordination Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Provide the overall coordination 1. Take care of ❑ Establish the Block Response Site. Coordinate the of the neighborhood plan, both home. activities of the Response Teams. Make sure before and immediately following Teams 1 - 4 (below) are functioning. Teams 5 - 6 the earthquake or other disaster. 2. Dress for safety. can be utilized to fill in for Teams 1 - 4 as needed.

3. If necessary, shut 1. First Aid establishes a neighborhood First Aid off the natural Station, and compiles a list of all the injured. gas at the meter. Before the Disaster 4. Shut off the water 2. Safety & Security shuts off all utilities as neces- at the main house sary, and clears debris. ❑ Distribute a copy of this work- valve or at each book to each household in your toilet and the 3. Light Search & Rescue checks on all homes and group. water heater. ensures that all neighbors are okay and account- ed for. ❑ Collect completed registration 5. Post your OK / Help card on the 4. Sheltering & Special Needs establishes a child/ and inventory forms from every front door or adult Care Center for all who need or want help. home in your group (see pgs window so it is 69-70). These forms will help visible from the you organize a timely response. street. 5. Damage Assessment conducts surveys of the damage the neighborhood has sustained. 6. Put your ABC fire Choose and maintain a Block ❑ extinguisher on 6. Communications takes information about the in- Response Site, a place where the sidewalk or jured and any neighborhood damage to the near- your response teams will come driveway. est amateur radio operator located at the closest after the disaster to share infor- staffed Fire Station. mation, and to coordinate their 7. Check in at the response. Block Response Site. ❑ Make sure the First Aid Station and the Care Center Make a large sign - Block are established and operating. ❑ 8. Complete your Response Site. Post this at the team assignment First Aid Station location: ______Block Response Site every time using the check- Care Shelter location:______the neighborhood responds to list at the right. disaster. 9. Report back to ❑ Use the form on the back to track the status of each the Block Team. Response Site when finished. ❑ Assign neighbors who are not currently on a Re- sponse Team to those teams needing additional support. Give them a copy of the appropriate task description, and direct them to where the Team is functioning.

❑ Coordinate food and rest breaks for each of the Re- sponse Team members. Help them guard their psychological well-being. Make sure those with families take regular breaks to be with them.

PC-NET 2004 35 Responders During Disasters

Person assigning Teams: ______Date: ______Time: ______

Teams requiring Responder Buddy Communication immediate action Runner* FIRST AID Team #1

Team #2

Team #3

Team #4 SEARCH & RESCUE Team #1

Team #2

Team #3

Team #4

SAFETY & SECURITY Team #1

Team #2

Team #3

Team #4

SHELTERING Team #1

Team #2

Team #3

Team #4

* Communication Runners – go with the Light Search & Rescue and Sheltering Teams. As neighbors are found that need first aid help, they “run” to the First Aid Station and get someone from the First Aid Team to come and provide that care. - Communication and Damage Assessment Team members – are assigned to one of the above Teams for the immediate neighborhood response. Their normal duties are important, but can be delayed until the above functions are completed. - Convergent volunteers – are neighbors that have not participated until the day of the disaster. Assign them a job to do by pairing them with an existing Team member and giving them a Response Team checklist from this workbook. First Aid Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Establish a neighborhood Meet up with your other team members at the Block 1. Take care of ❑ First Aid Station. Response Site. home. ▼ Treat those who have been 2. Dress for safety. ❑ Set up a neighborhood First Aid Station by clearing a injured. place for the injured to be brought. Post a large sign 3. If necessary, shut designating the site as the First Aid Station. ▼ Identify those who require off the natural skilled medical care. gas at the meter. ❑ As best as you are able, assess the physical and psychological needs of those arriving, and provide 4. Shut off the water treatment accordingly. Try to separate serious at the main house injuries from minor ones. Seeing serious injury can valve or at each Before the Disaster: toilet and the heighten psychological trauma. See the back of this water heater. sheet for suggestions on Talking About Disaster. ❑ Complete a First Aid course, preferably one that focuses of 5. Post your OK / ❑ Determine the number of injured requiring skilled creative disaster first aid. Help card on the medical care, and the number of injured you are able front door or to provide care for. Report this to the Block ❑ Identify two neighborhood loca- window so it is Coordinator. tions that could be used as a visible from the street. neighborhood First Aid Station. ❑ Tag the injured with their name, address and the 6. Put your ABC fire treatment they were given. This information should ❑ Become familiar with the con- extinguisher on be written with permanent marker on the forehead or cepts on the back, Talking the sidewalk or arm of those with serious injury who will be transport- About Disaster. driveway. ed to a medical facility.

7. Check in at the ❑ If someone needs to be transported to a medical Block Response facility, check with the Communications Team to see Site. if the radio has identified routes to take or avoid, and with the Safety & Security Team to see who in the 8. Complete your team assignment neighborhood has an available van or four-wheel using the check- drive. list at the right. ❑ Maintain a list of the injured. Include where those 9. Report back to who needed skilled medical care were taken. the Block Response Site ❑ If evacuation is necessary, remind neighbors to take when finished. their medications with them.

PC-NET 2004 37 Talking About Disaster

Many individuals, particularly the young and the elderly, may be overwhelmed by a disaster, and may experience difficulty in coping with the situation and their feelings. You can support them by remembering these guidelines:

1. Accept every person's right to have her or his own feelings. Try not to tell victims how they should feel.

2. Accept the victim's limitations as real. An individual who has lost her or his ability to cope with her or his feelings is as disabled as one who has broken a leg.

3. Accept your own limitations. In a community-wide disaster, chances are great that you will be feeling the same anxiety as the people you are trying to help. Your initial attention should be on yourself.

4. Right from the beginning, make every effort to explain to the victim what has happened, what is being done about it, and what the likely positive outcome will be.

5. Communicate confidence in yourself and in your ability to help the victim.

6. Encourage the victim to speak freely about whatever is on her or his mind. If she or he is having difficulty, some general statement about what may have happened may increase her or his confidence in you to the point that she or he will begin talking.

7. When the person begins talking, interrupt as little as possible. After you have heard the full story, you can ask for details. Just a couple of minutes of talking can relieve some of her or his feelings and truly work wonders.

8. Try not to agree or disagree with a person's distortions of reality; these distortions are real to her or him. Do not argue with the person if she or he disagrees with you.

9. Find a way for the victims to participate in the recovery efforts. Find out their normal occupation and give them something to do along the same lines. Tell them that you need their help in responding to the disaster you all have shared. It is comforting to watch the neighborhood begin to resume its normal functioning, and to have had a part in it.

38 First Aid Light Search & Rescue Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Check on each home in the 1. Take care of ❑ Meet up with your other team members at the Block neighborhood to determine the home. Response Site. Always go everywhere in teams of well-being of your neighbors. two. Make sure you are dressed for safety. 2. Dress for safety. ▼ Conduct a search of those homes Help homes in this order (utilizing the safe search guide- 3. If necessary, shut ❑ lines listed on the back): sustaining damage to ensure the off the natural well-being of those neighbors, and gas at the meter. rescue anyone who may be 1st - homes that display the Help card trapped or injured. Your job will be 4. Shut off the water 2nd - homes with no card to locate, stabilize, and transport at the main house the injured to the neighborhood valve or at each 3rd - homes that display OK card First Aid Station. toilet and the water heater. As you check each house, place one-half of a large “X” (2 to 3 feet) on the door as you enter it to signal the 5. Post your OK / neighborhood of your location. Before the Disaster Help card on the front door or window so it is ❑ Complete a Light Search & visible from the Rescue class. street.

❑ Make sure that every home in the 6. Put your ABC fire neighborhood has a neighborhood extinguisher on the sidewalk or communication card ("Help" driveway. as you enter each home, as you exit the home, printed on one side and "OK" on place one-half of a large place the second half of masking tape “X” on the the masking tape “X” on the other), and that they know how 7. Check in at the front door the door to use it. Block Response Site. When you complete activity in that home and are leaving, place the second half of the taped “X” to signal the Determine the procedure your ❑ 8. Complete your neighborhood the house has been checked and is fine. neighborhood wants implemented team assignment Ultimately, each home will have a taped “X” on its door. after a disaster to search homes using the check- that have sustained damage list at the right. and/or appear to have people ❑ As you are checking the neighborhood, if you find home that are non-responsive. For 9. Report back to any children, elderly, or disabled persons who are example, if the doors are locked the Block home alone and frightened, invite them to go with and a neighbor is trapped or Response Site you to the neighborhood Care Center. injured and unable to come to the when finished. door, what procedure should be ❑ As you are searching, if you find anyone who is followed to enter/not enter the injured, send one of your team to the First Aid home and give/not give Station to get someone to come and treat them. As assistance. soon as possible, resume your systematic search of the neighborhood ❑ Frequently review the Search and Rescue procedures listed on the ❑ Keep a log of all homes you search. Record the back of this sheet. address, whether they were OK or needed help, and what type of help was given. Include the date and time the search was conducted.

PC-NET 2004 39 Search and Rescue: Basic Guidelines

1. Dress in long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, and sturdy boots. Leather gloves, a hard hat, and a flashlight are essential. Goggles, a dust mask, and a small first aid kit to take care of your own basic needs are also good ideas.

2. Establish who your partner will be. Never conduct a search and rescue alone. Plan your search. Do not wander aimlessly.

3. If the house is significantly damaged and you feel it is unsafe to enter (remember to check the back door also), respect your feelings. Do not go in.

4. Before you enter each home, placed 1/2 of a large tape “X” on the front door. This signals to the neighborhood your exact location (see front for illustration).

5. Before you enter each home, feel the top and bottom of the door with the back of your hand. If it is hot, do not enter. If it is cool, cautiously open the door.

6. Check the door jamb, and its accompanying wall and ceiling for cracks and splinters. If the house appears unsafe, do not enter.

7. Enter the house low, preferably on your knees. Be alert. Watch for falling objects.

8. While still in the entry way, smell for the odor of natural gas. If you can smell it, open the front and back doors and as many windows as you are able without going inside to provide ventilation. Enter the house only when the smell of the gas is gone.

9. While still in the entry way, loudly call out, "Is anyone here?" Listen for a response. If someone answers, ask them to tell you where they are, and what type of help they need. Pause occasionally during the search to listen for cries, moans, or other indicators of someone needing help.

10. Systematically search each room. Stay with your partner. Communicate frequently. Pay careful attention to these critical areas: under beds, behind furniture, inside closets, under stairs, and inside tubs or showers.

11. If it is dark, slowly sweep each room with your flashlight. Frequently check the floor and the ceiling of the area you are in for hazards. Protect your own safety.

12. If it is dark, keep in contact with the wall. It is easy to become disoriented after experiencing trauma. Should you become disoriented, following the wall will eventually lead you back to the original entry door.

13. If you find a victim, get several neighbors to help move her/him as quickly as possible to the First Aid Station.

14. Upon completion of the search, complete the tape “X” on the door. This signals to the neighborhood that the house has been checked and is okay.

Remember: There is no golden rule for risking your life to rescue others. If your attempts are obviously beyond your physical capacity or skill, you may lose your life, and you may endanger others coming to your aid. Sometiiimes iiit takes wiiisdom and courage to waiiit for helllp.

40 Light Search & Rescue Safety & Security Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Shut off the gas meters and water ❑ Meet up with your other team members at the mains (if this is located outside) for 1. Take care of home. Block Response Site. Always go everywhere in every home in the neighborhood teams of two. Make sure you are dressed as necessary. 2. Dress for safety. properly.

▼ Identify and rope off all hazardous 3. If necessary, shut Take a few minutes to survey the entire neighbor- areas. off the natural ❑ gas at the meter. hood. Unless you take time to look at the whole situation, you may take care of the first thing that 4. Shut off the water catches your eye and miss the more critical Before the Disaster at the main house hazards. valve or at each ❑ Make a list, perhaps in map form, toilet and the water heater. ❑ Remember your safety comes first. Be alert. of the locations of the gas meter Watch for hazards. and main water shut-off valve for 5. Post your OK / every home in the neighborhood. Help card on the ❑ Prioritize the hazards you find. The following is front door or one possible priority list. Check off each task as Identify all possible sources of ❑ window so it is you complete it. water for fire fighting. visible from the street. # 6. Put your ABC fire _____ ❑ Shut off all neighborhood gas extinguisher on meters as necessary (see back). the sidewalk or driveway. _____ ❑ Rope off all downed electrical lines.

7. Check in at the _____ ❑ Shut off neighborhood water mains Block Response at each individual house valve. Site. _____ ❑ Rope off all hazards: broken glass, 8. Complete your large cracks in the streets or team assignment sidewalks, leaning chimneys, etc. using the check- _____ ❑ Remove anything that may be list at the right. blocking the street and preventing 9. Report back to emergency vehicles from passing the Block through. Response Site when finished. Caution: Never try to move any electrical lines.

❑ Be aware of the possibility of aftershocks. Quickly move to safe areas.

PC-NET 2004 41 Shutting Off Natural Gas

Shut off the natural gas if one or more of these conditions exists:

• you can smell it (it smells like sulfur or rot- ten eggs) • you can hear it escaping from a broken pipe (generally a hissing sound) • you notice the dials on the meter are spinning more rapidly than normal (especially the dials on the bottom row which measure every cubic half-foot and every cubic two feet of gas that pass through the meter) • you see significant ground disruption in the neighborhood (streets or sidewalks that have buckled, cracks in the roads or lawns, curbs that are displaced, etc.)

Shut the gas off by turning the valve 90° (1/4 turn) so that it crosses the pipe

NOTE: Once the gas has been shut off, it must ONLY be turned back on by a qualified representative of the gas company. Turning on the gas yourself will likely cause a gas leak in your home.

Roping Off Downed Electrical Lines

The power company recommends creating a barrier with caution tape (or survey tape, available at most hardware stores) at least 30 feet away from all sides of the downed line. Electricity can travel through the ground via tree roots, metal pipes, water, oil slicks, etc.

42 Safety & Security Sheltering & Special Needs Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Set up a neighborhood Care ❑ Meet up with your other team members at the Block Center to help those with special 1. Take care of home. Response Site. Always go everywhere in teams of needs following a disaster. This two. may include children and 2. Dress for safety. neighbors who are elderly or who Immediately check on children, and neighbors who have disability. 3. If necessary, shut ❑ are elderly or who have disability who may be off the natural home alone. If the structure they are in appears ▼ Ensure that all neighbors have gas at the meter. damaged, coordinate this effort with the Search & shelter following a disaster. 4. Shut off the water Rescue Team. If they have been injured, immedi- at the main house ately take them to the neighborhood First Aid valve or at each Station. Before the Disaster toilet and the water heater. ❑ Establish a neighborhood Care Center. Post a Using the back of this sheet as a ❑ 5. Post your OK / large sign so that all neighbors will know where to guide, identify the children, and Help card on the bring their children while they complete their persons who are elderly or who front door or responsibilities. have disability in the neighborhood window so it is who may need special assistance visible from the Try to find a way for those brought to the Care street. ❑ following a disaster. Reassure Center to participate in the recovery effort. It is parents that information about 6. Put your ABC fire comforting to help the neighborhood resume its their children will be kept strictly normal functioning. confidential. extinguisher on the sidewalk or driveway. ❑ Identify a home that could be used ❑ Determine if anyone in the neighborhood needs shelter. If you are unable to house them in the as the neighborhood Care Center. 7. Check in at the Providing a place where children Block Response neighborhood, coordinate with the Block can be brought for a few hours will Site. Coordinator (and the Communications Team) to allow other team members to find out which shelter sites have been opened near complete their responsibilities. 8. Complete your your neighborhood. team assignment using the check- Maintain a list of those who are staying in shelters ❑ Become acquainted with the list at the right. ❑ psychological needs of children and their locations. This information will be and elderly persons listed on the 9. Report back to valuable to family members or friends who come back of this sheet. the Block looking for them. Response Site when finished.

PC-NET 2004 43 Psychological Needs of Children and the Elderly

The young and the elderly can be easily overwhelmed by a disaster and may experience difficulty in coping with the situation and their feelings. You can help them by talking openly about what has happened and how you feel about it. ▼ Encourage them to also speak freely about whatever is on their minds. Be careful not to argue with them, or to tell them how they should feel. ▼ Express confidence in your ability to help them. Reassure them that the recovery process is underway. ▼ Encourage them to participate in the rebuilding efforts, and explain that as they contribute their skills to the neighborhood, life will soon return to normal.

Talking With Kids About Terrorism You may notice the following NORMAL reactions in children: • Reluctance to be separated from parents, fear, and general upset • Problems going to sleep • Increased fears that may not appear to be related to the event • Stomachaches or headaches • An increase in their questions as they try to figure out what happened

Use these guidelines when talking with children: • Reassure children that they – and the key adults in their lives – are safe. • Explain that it’s okay to feel upset. Let kids talk about their feelings and help them put those feelings into perspective. • Observe their emotional state, keeping an eye on changes in behavior, appetite, or sleep patterns. • Maintain a normal routine as much as possible, sticking to set times for homework, supper, and bed.

Children & neighbors who are elderly or with disability in our neighborhood:

Name: ______Phone: ______Address: ______Will be checked on by: ______Need: ______

44 Sheltering Communications Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Establish communication between 1. Take care of ❑ Meet up with your other team members at the Block your block group and the County’s home. Response Site. Always go everywhere in teams of disaster responders by utilizing an two. amateur radio operator. (CB radio 2. Dress for safety. frequencies and cellular phone ❑ Monitor radio stations broadcasting disaster systems are generally too busy 3. If necessary, shut information. Share relevant information with the after a disaster to be of value.) off the natural Block Coordinators. gas at the meter.

Be prepared to help other Teams who may need 4. Shut off the water ❑ ▼ Monitor your local radio stations at the main house immediate assistance. In particular, serve as a and NOAA Weather Radio Station valve or at each runner by going with the Light Search & Rescue #053053 (see page 55) for news toilet and the Team as they conduct a door-to-door search of about the event, and share this water heater. the neighborhood. If people are found who need information with your neighbors. first aid care, “run” to the First Aid Station and get 5. Post your OK / First Aid Team Members to come and provide Help card on the treatment. front door or window so it is ❑ If necessary, call 9-1-1. (In a major disaster, this Before the Disaster visible from the street. system likely will be overwhelmed. If that is the case, immediately proceed with the next step.) ❑ Obtain a battery-operated radio 6. Put your ABC fire and plenty of extra batteries. extinguisher on ❑ Complete the report on the back of this sheet. If Keep a list of Pierce County's the sidewalk or necessary, go to the location of the nearest amateur Emergency Alert radio stations driveway. radio operator. Initially, report to her/him only those readily available: things your neighborhood has not been able to KIRO – AM 710, FM 100.7 7. Check in at the take care of. Remember to include your street Block Response name in your report. Site. ❑ Identify your block's nearest source of amateur radio 8. Complete your ❑ Return to your neighborhood and report to your communication. Listen to KIRO team assignment Block Coordinator. On the way back, scan other 710 AM for changes to this using the check- neighborhoods for indicators they need help, and planned procedure. list at the right. mention them to the Coordinator when you return. Perhaps you will be able to assist them, also. 9. Report back to the Block Continue to monitor the radio, sharing pertinent Response Site ❑ information with your neighbors. when finished. ❑ Ultimately, the County will want to know the full extent of the disaster’s impact on your neighborhood. Again, gather the data listed on the back. Listen to the radio for information about where and how to report this data.

PC-NET 2004 45 Pierce County Communications Team Report This report should be taken to the closest amateur radio Date ______Time ______operators to your neighborhood. Block(s) numbers & street name(s) [for example, 700 & 800 blocks of 5th Ave N] ______Please listen to KIRO 710 AM for changes to this ______planned procedure.

A. Priority (circle all that apply) F. Location of Problem 1. threat to health or public safety house / building # ______2. services requested 3. information report, no services complete street name ______closest cross streets ______B. Problem Category (circle all that apply) 1. casualties ______2. injuries name of apartment, condo, etc. ______3. trapped persons 4. fire ______5. buckled / damaged streets 6. debris blocking roadways 7. bridge down G. Contact person at site (Block Coordinator) 8. landslide / mudslide 9. tree uprooted ______10. sinkhole 11. water utility damage 12. flooding H. Approximate date / time problem occurred 13. sewer problems date ______14. electrical lines down 15. structural damage (off foundation, collapsed) time ______16. chemical release / hazmat incident 17. animal problems 18. natural gas I. Name of person making report a. rupture / leaking in street b. leak / meter damage at home(s) ______19. OTHER ______

C. Problem Description REMINDERS: ______• Following a major disaster, the County will ______be inundated with calls. Please initially report only those situations that require ______services beyond what your neighborhood is able to provide. D. Services Requested (circle all that apply) 1. fire • You may need to return to the amateur ra- 2. medical dio operators more than once. Sometimes 3. rescue needs your neighborhood will have are not 4. police immediately known or obvious. 5. shelter • Eventually, the County will want to know 6. food all that happened in your neighborhood, 7. supplies and the full extent of your neighborhood 8. utility (specify) 9. structural inspection response. 10. streets / bridges / signals • Please help the Damage Assessment 11. health dept. Team in gathering information for item 12. mortuary B - Problem Category of this form. The 13. animal control County will inform you of when and where 14. OTHER ______to report this information. E. Service Request Comments • It is important to report in, even if your neighborhood requires no assistance. ______46 ______Damage Assessment Team

After the Disaster

Primary Responsibilities First With Your Team

▼ Conduct a preliminary and then 1. Take care of ❑ Meet up with your other team members at the Block updated surveys of the damage home. Response Site. Always go everywhere in teams of the neighborhood has sustained, two. and report the results of these 2. Dress for safety. surveys to the Block Coordinator. ❑ Be prepared to help other teams who may need 3. If necessary, shut immediate assistance. ▼ Remind all neighbors of the off the natural importance of taking photos or gas at the meter. ❑ As soon as possible, conduct a preliminary survey of videos of all valuables now and the neighborhood by counting the number of the 4. Shut off the water after the disaster as documen- at the main house following items. Do not go into homes or structures; tation for insurance claims. valve or at each observe what you can from outside. toilet and the water heater. ______# of fires

5. Post your OK / ______# of broken gas mains Before the Disaster Help card on the ______# of power lines down front door or ______# of homes off their foundations Complete a training course in window so it is ❑ ______# of homes with collapsed walls damage assessment. visible from the street. ______# of broken water lines

❑ Encourage your neighbors to file 6. Put your ABC fire ______# of front doors that appear blocked or jammed copies of important documents extinguisher on ______# of large cracks in street, driveways, or lawns (tax records, insurance policies, the sidewalk or ______# of uprooted trees journals, etc.) in a safe place, and driveway. to take photos or videos of all ______# of items blocking street, doorways, driveways valuables as documentation for 7. Check in at the ______# of broken windows Block Response insurance claims. ______# of other: ______Site.

8. Complete your ❑ Report this information to the Block Coordinator. team assignment using the check- ❑ Remind neighbors to take photos of the damage to list at the right. their property, and to keep receipts of repair supplies for assistance applications and insurance claims. 9. Report back to the Block ❑ Within 72 hours after the disaster, complete a Response Site detailed damage survey of the neighborhood using when finished. the form on the back of this sheet. This is modeled after the Red Cross, and will help to keep information about the disaster consistent across the County.

❑ Report the total number of homes in the neighborhood sustaining damage types 0, 1, 2, and 3 to the Block Coordinator.

PC-NET 2004 47 Instructions:

1. Use one line for each home, apartment, mobile home, or condominium.

2. Damage: Place an "X" in the appropriate box for the degree of damage the home has sustained. If you are unsure of the rating, rate it higher rather than lower.

3. Type of home: Give a brief description of the type of home. For example, two-story single-family dwelling, apartment, mobile home, etc.

4. Brief comments: Give an explanation of the damage the home or property has sustained. For example, home off its foundation, broken water line, large crack in lawn, etc.

Street Name City Date Damage** House Name of Family Type of Home Brief Comments Number 0123 (if known)

TOTAL COMPLETED BY: **KEY: 0 = No visible damage. 1 = MINOR DAMAGE. Home is still habitable. Examples: minor buckling of floors or walls, broken windows, cracked chimneys, tree on house blocking entrance. 2 = MAJOR DAMAGE. Home needs extensive repairs. Examples: twisted or cracked walls or ceilings, roof or wall damage, jammed front doors, partially off the foundation. 48 3 = DESTROYED. Home cannot be repaired. Examples: off its foundation, total collapse. Getting Ready … Neighborhood Preparedness

Neighborhood Resource Pages

page .....50 Neighborhood Preparedness Process ....51 Disaster Response Summary ....52 Sample Neighborhood Map ....53 Neighborhood Supply Kit .....54 Making an Emergency Stretcher .....55 NOAA Weather Radio .....56 Disaster Mental Health ...... 57 Pet Preparedness ...... 58 Before • During • After Tsunamis .....59 Before • During • After Floods .....60 Before • During • After Tornados .....61 Before • During • After Winter Storms / Blizzards .....61 Before • During • After Acts of Terror .....64 Sheltering In Place .....66 The National Threat Warning System for Terrorist Acts .....67 Out-of-Area Contact Cards .....69 Information & Skills Inventories for Neighbors

PC-NET 2004 49 Neighborhood Preparing – A Process 1. Introductory Meeting 2. Table Top

What happens: Exercise • review the nature-caused (like What happens: earthquakes) and terror-based (like • discuss realistic neighborhood dis- chemical releases) threats that could aster scenario & how Response impact the County ➪ 6 months later Teams take care of problems • organize into 7 neighborhood • review First Things First Response Disaster Response Teams sequence

• receive preparedness workbook • establish locations for:

• learn First Things First Response – Block Response Site sequence – Neighborhood First Aid ➪ Station – Care & Shelter Center 3. Walk•about • receive ID badge & Exercise OK/Help card 6 - 9 months later What happens: 4. Responder 101 • walk about the neighborhood, dis- Exercise cussing how Re- What happens: sponse Teams will resolve events at dis- • practice First Things First aster scenario sites Response sequence at home • demonstrate how to • practice checking in at the Block resolve: “what do ➪ Response Site 9 - 12 mos. later we do if some mem- • practice triaging injuries, bers of a team are marking ‘searched’ homes with not home or have a large ‘X’, & transporting the been hurt” injured to the First Aid Station • check neighborhood gas meters & make

a map of their loca- 5. Functional

tions Drill • learn how to make a ➪ stretcher out of a What happens: blanket and poles • review First Things First sequence • use ‘mystery envelopes’ to

9 - 12 mos. later simulate an earthquake

• excellent practice for: 6. Annual ➪ – responding to simulated Review neighborhood disaster – using Response Team task descriptions – checking in at Block 12 months later conduct Response Site one of these annually to – setting up First Aid Station maintain readiness and Care Center – finding, transporting, & treating injured

PC-NET 50 2004 Neighborhood Response Summary - Following a Disaster

Person compiling summary: ______Date: ______Time: ______

Neighborhood Information IMPACTS Address Name(s) People Structures Environment Other street & house # of residents • physical injury • homes • gas leak in street • animals • emotional upset • garages • cracks in road • etc. • child home alone • porches • landslides • etc. • etc. • etc.

51 Sample Neighborhood Map

Making a map of key neighborhood information is easy. It will be an invaluable tool when disaster strikes - especially if it is dark. 1. draw your housing lots & streets – a rough sketch works fine 2. write in the names and house numbers of your neighbors 3. put a G to identify the exact location of all gas meters – if the quake occurs at 2:00 in the morning and you can smell gas in the neighborhood, you will be glad to know this 4. identify those in your neighborhood vulnerable to disaster effects - kids who may be home alone, people who are elderly, and neighbors with disability 5. identify those in the neighborhood with pets and what kinds they are 6. identify the locations for the Block Response Site (BRS), the First Aid Station (FAS), and the Care & Shelter Center (CSC).

example

G G Goings Forritt House #: 105 Who: Readee & Sett Note: 2 dogs House #: 104 Who: Thankfull Note: works at home Gladde

House #: 107 Who: R & U Note: on oxygen BRS House #: 106 Who: Wee’re Goode Note: carpenter

G Wisse Canndooitt House #: 109 Who: I. M. Note: day care

FAS House #: 108 Who: C & I Note: diabetic P R E L A N G Mindd Stuff G CSC House #: 111 Who: Peace & Of Note: pet snake House #: 110 Who: Value & Able Note: 3 kids <11

G Day House #: 115 Who: Thiss Seasy Note: nurse House #: 114 Who: Star & Art Note: hot tub

PC-NET 52 2004 Neighborhood Supplies

items typically kept in a 32-gallon plastic garbage can with a tight-fitting lid at the Block Response Site

Block Coordinators Safety & Security • clipboard & pencil (prepared to • light sticks (to mark neighborhood hazards write on wet paper if it is raining) in the dark) • map of neighborhood • gas shut-off wrench • natural gas meter locations • survey tape or caution tape,

N available at hardware stores O Responders During Disasters • locations of kids, people I Person assigning Teams: ______Date: ______Time: ______

Teams requiring Responder Buddy Communication immediate action always works with a buddy Runner* T FIRST AID with disabilities, people Team #1 Team #2 U Team #3 A who are elderly Team #4 SEARCH & RESCUE C Team #1

Team #2

Team #3

• responder check-in sheets Team #4 SAFETY & SECURITY Team #1

Team #2

(see page 36) Team #3

Team #4 Sheltering & Special Needs SHELTERING Team #1 Team #2 Team #3 • blankets Team #4

- Communication and Damage Assessment Team members – are assigned to one of the above Teams for the immediate neighborhood response. Their normal duties are important, but can be delayed until the above functions are completed. - Convergent volunteers – are neighbors that have not participated until the day of the disaster. Assign them a job to do by pairing them with an existing Team member and giving them a Response Team task description from SDART’s workbook. • toys First Aid • 4" roll gauze bandages • 4" x 4" gauze pads • hydrogen peroxide Communications Hydrogen • medical scissors (blunt ends) Peroxide • AM battery radio • splints tuned to KIRO 710 • fresh batteries

Light Search & Rescue • crowbar • 2" blue painter’s tape to mark Damage Assessment houses when search is completed • clipboard & pencil • stretcher (made from a blanket 2" blue • list of neighborhood painter’s tape and poles) homes, prepared using forms in this workbook (see pages 48 & 51)

Suggestions for obtaining these supplies

• hold a neighborhood garage sale and donate all proceeds to the purchase of these supplies • ask each household to contribute a few dollars – each Response Team submits a wish list of supplies to the Block Coordinators (or some other designated person) – supplies are purchased according to the amount of money collected • compile a wish list for each Response Team and distribute it to the neighborhood – each household purchases something on the list 53 Making an Emergency Stretcher

Making a Stretcher You may need to transport injured neighbors to the First Aid Station. A stretcher made from a blanket and two poles is a relatively easy way to do this. Poles can be purchased at any hardware store (closet poles, hand rails, or sturdy curtain rods work 1 great).

Procedure 1. spread the blanket out on the ground 2. place the two poles on top of the blanket about 18 inches apart in the middle of the blanket 3. fold one edge of the blanket 2 so that it crosses or covers both poles 4. fold the other edge of the blanket so that it also crosses over both poles and rests on top of the previous fold If the blanket has been folded over both poles both times, the weight of the person will keep the blanket securely in place. 3

Alternate stretcher • stuff a ladder with pillows

PC-NET 54 2004 All Hazard NOAA Weather Radio

All Hazard NOAA Weather Radio (NWR)

• NWR is an all-hazard public warning system, broadcasting forecasts, warnings, and emergency information 24 hours a day directly to the public.

• "All hazards" messages include: • natural emergencies - earthquakes, floods, windstorms, etc. • technological accidents - chemical releases, oil spills, nuclear power plant emergencies, maritime accidents, train derailments, etc. • AMBER alerts • terrorist attacks

• Non-weather emergency messages will be broadcast over NWR when: 1. public safety is involved 2. the message comes from an official government source 3. time is critical

• The Federal Response Plan assigns responsibility to the National Weather Service (NWS) to broadcast non-weather emergency messages.

• Non-weather emergency messages will be broadcast over NWR at the request of local and/or state officials. The National Weather Service does not initiate the contact nor the message. When local or state officials wish to broadcast a message on NWR, the officials provide text information about the hazard and the appropriate response directly to the local NWS office.

• NWR and the Emergency Alert System (EAS) use the same digital protocols. NWR is the primary means for NWS alerts to activate the EAS.

Pierce County’s NOAA SAME # is 053053

Where to Buy

NOAA Weather Radio receivers can be purchased at many retail stores that sell electronic merchandise, including stand-alone electronic retail outlets, electronics departments within department stores, and some drug stores. NOAA Weather Radio receivers can also be purchased through some mail order catalogs.

In addition, NOAA Weather Radio receivers are often sold in boat and marine accessory stores.

Websites

NOAA Weather Radio Home Page www.nws.noaa.gov/nwr

NWS All Hazards Web Page www.nws.gov/nwr/allhazard.htm

NWS Home Page www.weather.gov

PC-NET 2004 55 Disaster Mental Health Normal Reactions by Normal People to Abnormal Events

Human reactions to disaster Coping with disaster stress 1. All people who experience a disaster are im- 1. Within 24 to 48 hours, engage in strenuous physi- pacted by the disaster in some way. cal exercise (but not beyond what your doctor 2. Psychological reactions to disaster are normal would recommend), alternated with periods of re- reactions by normal people to abnormal laxation, to alleviate some of your physical reac- events. tions to stressful situations. 3. Disaster stress reactions usually diminish in 2. Structure your time with more care than usual. Al- severity over time, but can become more se- ternate work time with play time. vere as time passes. 3. Remind yourself that you are normal and are hav- ’ “ ” 4. When disaster stress responses become a ing normal reactions. Don t label yourself crazy, “ ” “ ” “ ” problem or are distressing, consulting with a wacko, weak, or unfit. mental health professional can be helpful. 4. Talk is one of the most healing medicines. Talk to people you know care about you. People do care. It is normal to want and to need to tell your story Helping others cope again and again. 1. Assure the person that her/his responses are 5. Be aware of trying to numb the pain with drugs or normal. alcohol. Don’t complicate things further with sub- 2. Listen to her/his story. stance abuse problems. 3. Provide reassurance. 6. Keep your life as normal as possible. 4. Give permission to repeat her/his story. 7. Do things that make you feel good. 5. Allow tears and laughter. 8. Don’t make any big life changes. 6. Speak quietly and respectfully. 9. Do make as many daily decisions as possible that will give you the feeling of control over your life. 7. Demonstrate patience and kindness. 10. It is all right to spend time by yourself. 8. Provide services such as food, shelter, medications, and eyeglasses. 11. Keep a journal. Writing during sleepless hours may help. 9. Assist the person in finding a meaningful way to contribute to the well-being of others; for ex- 12. Realize that those around you are also under ample, reading a story to a child or holding the stress and may not act or react in a manner you hand of an elderly person. might normally expect. 10. Provide referrals to mental health profession- 13. Help your loved ones, neighbors, and co-workers als as necessary. as much as possible by sharing feelings and checking out how they are doing. However, respect the feelings of those who do not want to talk Neighborhood disaster responder about the incident. self-care strategies 14. Consult a mental health professional if you need 1. Stay active. assistance. 2. Work with your Response Team and avoid isolation. Normal responses to disaster include: 3. Remind yourself that your job is important and feelings of loss guilt contributes toward the success of the neigh- hopelessness borhood response and overall well-being. anger forgetfulness 4. Drink fluids to avoid dehydration. irritability feeling vulnerable 5. Avoid caffeine, sugar, and fatty foods. crying difficulty concentrating 6. Take rest breaks as needed. withdrawal fatigue or difficulty sleeping 7. Seek out additional support if you need help. eating too much or not enough

PC-NET 56 2004 Pet Preparedness

Before a disaster During a disaster • Decide on safe locations in your house where • Bring your pets inside immediately. Animals you could leave your pet in an emergency. have instincts about severe weather changes Consider easy to clean areas such as utility and will often isolate themselves if they are rooms or bathrooms. Avoid rooms with haz- afraid. Bringing them inside early can stop ards such as windows, hanging plants and pic- them from running away. Never leave a pet tures. outside or tied up during a storm. • Plan to set up a separate location for each ani- • If you evacuate and have to leave your pet at mal. Disasters stress animals. Even a gentle home, prepare a safe location for it. pet can exhibit distressed behaviors. - leave a three day supply of dry food, even • If your pet is on medication or a spe- if it is not the pet’s usual food. Moistened cial diet, find out from your vet food can turn rancid or sour. Put the food what you should do in case you in a sturdy container the pet cannot over- have to leave it alone for sev- turn. eral days. Try to get an ex- - leave water in a sturdy, no-spill container. tra supply of medications. If possible, open a faucet slightly and let • Make sure your pet has the water drip into a big container. a properly fitted collar - replace a chain “choke” collar with a leath- that includes the cur- er or nylon collar. Make sure the collar has rent license and ra- tags and identification. bies tags, and your name, address, • Separate dogs and cats. Even if they normally and phone num- get along, the anxiety of a disaster situation bers. can cause pets to act unpredictably. • If you evacuate and plan to take your pets, remember to bring your pet’s medical records Emergency supplies for pets and medicines. • fiberglass carrier for each pet with an envelope taped to the top of the carrier containing: a photo with your pet’s name on it, vaccination For health and safety reasons, pets will not be records, information about prescription medi- allowed in public emergency shelters. cations, and your vet’s name and phone numbers - train your pet to become comfortable being After a disaster in the carrier • In the first few days after the disaster, leash • food should be dry and relatively unappealing your pets when they go outside. Maintain to prevent overeating close contact. Familiar scents and landmarks may be altered, and your pet may become • towels or blankets for warmth confused and lost. • water sufficient for three days • The behavior of your pets may have changed. • zip-lock baggies for cleanup Normally quiet and friendly pets may become aggressive and defensive. Leash dogs and • spray disinfectant and latex gloves place them in a fenced yard with access to shelter and water. In addition, cats need: • plastic litter box • jug of clumping kitty litter and a scoop

PC-NET 2004 57 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

Tsunami Before • Know the tsunami risk for your area. • Become familiar with tsunami warning signs. A strong quake lasting 20 seconds or more near the coast may generate a tsunami. A noticeable rapid rise or fall in coastal waters is another sign. • Plan and practice an evacuation route from your home, school, workplace, or any other place you typically are. Pick an area 100 feet above sea level or that is two miles inland. If you cannot get this high or far, go as high as you can. • Learn that “tsunami advisory” means an earthquake has occurred in the Pacific basin which might generate a tsunami. “Tsunami watch” means a tsunami was or may have been generated but is at least two hours travel time away; people should be prepared to evacuate. “Tsunami warning” means a tsunami was or may have been generated which could cause damage; people in the warned area are strongly advised to evacuate. • Use a NOAA Weather Radio with a tone-alert feature to keep you informed of local watches and warnings. • Prepare an evacuation kit of the clothing, medications, radio, flashlight, etc. items you would want should you have to immediately leave your home.

During - You Feel A Strong Coastal Earthquake Lasting At Least 20 Seconds • First, protect yourself from the earthquake. • When the shaking stops, gather your loved ones and quickly move away from the water. • Be careful to avoid downed power lines and stay away from buildings and bridges from which heavy objects might fall during an aftershock.

During - Watch Phase • Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or other reliable sources for updated emergency information. • Check your disaster supply kit. Make sure you have medications, a radio and extra batteries, a flashlight, and supplies to take care of any special needs of loved ones. • Locate loved ones and review your evacuation plan. Be ready to quickly move away from the water.

During - Warning Phase • Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or other reliable sources for updated emergency information. • Follow instructions issued by local authorities. • If you hear a tsunami warning or detect signs of a tsunami, evacuate at once. Take your evacuation kit. Get inland as far as possible. • Return home only after local authorities tell you it is safe.

PC-NET 58 2004 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

After • Continue listening to NOAA Weather Radio or other reliable sources for updated emergency information. • Help injured or trapped persons, and anyone who may require special assistance. • Use the telephone only for emergency calls. • Stay out of buildings if waters remain around them. Tsunami waters, like flood waters, can undermine foundations, causing buildings to sink or collapse. • When re-entering buildings, use extreme caution. Damage may have occurred where you least expect it. • Check for gas leaks, electrical system damage, and sewer and water line damage. • Use tap water only if local health officials advise it is safe. • Open windows and doors to help dry the building. • Shovel mud while it is still moist to give walls and floors an opportunity to dry.

Flood Before • Know the flood risk and the elevation of your area. • Prepare a home flood evacuation or escape plan. Prepare an evacuation kit of the clothing, medications, radio, flashlight, etc. items you would want should you have to immediately leave your home. • Get flood insurance, and keep insurance papers with other important papers in a safe-deposit box. • Learn that “flood watch” means a slow rising flood is possible in your area. “Flood warning” means flooding is already occurring or will soon occur in your area. “Flash flood watch” means there is a chance that flash flooding could occur anytime within the next few hours. “Flash flood warning” means you may have only seconds to evacuate to higher ground.

During - Watch Phase (2-3 days for flood, 2-12 hours for flash flood) • Sandbag windows and doors. • Move furniture and other items to higher levels. • Fill your car’s gas tank. • Listen to radio or TV for up-to-the-minute information.

During - Warning Phase (24-48 hours for flood, 0-1 hour for flash flood) • Use telephones only for life-threatening emergencies. • Evacuate, if necessary, and follow instructions. • Do not walk or drive through flood waters. • Stay off bridges where water is covering them. • Heed barricades blocking roads. • Keep away from waterways during heavy rain. If you are in a canyon area and hear a warning, get out of your car and immediately get to high ground. • Keep out of storm drains and irrigation ditches.

PC-NET 2004 59 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

After • Listen to a portable radio for information. • Boil drinking water before using (rolling boil for 10 minutes). Wells should be pumped out and the water tested for purity before drinking. • Use a flashlight to check for damage including to gas, water, and electrical lines and appliances. • If you smell gas or if there is a fire, turn off the main gas valve. Switch off individual circuit breakers (or unscrew individual fuses), then switch off the main circuit breaker (or unscrew the main fuse). • Stay out of the disaster area. • Do not use telephones except in emergencies. • Do not use vehicles except in emergencies.

Tornado Before • Know the tornado risk of your area. • Prepare a home tornado plan, and know the safest place to go during a tornado. • Learn “tornado watch” means a tornado may hit your area. “Tornado warning” means a tornado has been spotted and is about to strike - go to safety immediately.

During - Watch Phase - (up to 6 hours before) • When you hear a “watch,” keep your eye out for the approaching storm or listen to the radio or TV. • Consider an immediate plan of action.

During - Warning Phase - ( 0-1 hour before) • Get away from all windows. • Use telephones only for life-threatening emergencies. • Go to the basement and get under sturdy furniture or stairs. • If you do not have a basement, go to an inside closet, a bathroom, or a hallway on the lowest level of the building. • If you are in a car, get out and go inside a sturdy house or building. Do not try to outrun a tornado with your car. • If you are caught outside, get into a ditch or low-lying area. • Keep away from buildings with widespan roofs like cafeterias, auditoriums, and shopping malls. • If you are in a mobile home, go to a storm shelter, or, if one is not available, get out and lie in a ditch and cover your head. After • Listen to a portable radio for information. • Use a flashlight to check for damage to gas, water, electrical lines and appliances. • Stay out of the disaster area. • Do not use telephones except in emergencies. • Do not use vehicles except in emergencies.

PC-NET 60 2004 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

Winter Storm/ If You Are Outside Blizzard • Find shelter and try to stay dry. • Cover all exposed parts of your body. • If there is no shelter, prepare a lean-to, wind-break, or snow cave for protection from the wind. Build a fire for heat and to attract attention. Place rocks around the fire to absorb and reflect the heat. • Mark your location for rescuers. • Do not drink alcoholic beverages. Avoid falling asleep. • Avoid eating snow. It will lower your body temperatures. Melt it first.

If You Are In a Car or Truck • Stay in the vehicle. Disorientation occurs quickly in snow and cold. • Run the motor about 10 minutes each hour for heat. • Open the window a little for fresh air to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning. Make sure the exhaust pipe is not blocked. • Make yourself visible to rescuers. Turn the dome light on when running the engine. Tie a colored cloth (preferably red) to your antenna or door. Raise the hood indicating trouble after the snow stops falling. • Exercise from time to time to keep blood circulating and to keep warm.

If You Are In A Home or Building • Stay inside. • Use telephones only for life-threatening emergencies. • Use fire safeguards for heat and properly ventilate. • If there is no heat, close off unneeded rooms and stuff towels or rags under cracks in doors. Cover windows at night. • Eat and drink plenty. • Wear layers of loose-fitting, lightweight, warm clothing. Remove layers to avoid overheating, perspiration, and chill. Wear a hat.

Terrorism Chemical Attack If you see signs of a chemical attack, quickly try to define the impacted area and where the chemical is coming from. Try to determine: • Did anything out of the ordinary just happen? • Did you hear a loud pop? • Did someone spray something? • Are others getting sick?

What to do: • Take immediate action to get away form any sign of the chemical release.

PC-NET 2004 61 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

• If the chemical is inside a building where you are, try to get out of the building without passing through the contaminated area. Otherwise, it may be better to move as far away from where you suspect the chemical release is and “Shelter-In-Place” (see pages 64 - 65). • If you are outside when you see signs of a chemical attack, you must quickly decide the fastest way to get away from the chemical threat. Consider if you can get out of the area or if it would be better to go inside a building and follow your plan to “Shelter-In- Place.” • If your eyes are watering, your skin is stinging, you are having trouble breathing, or you simply think you may have been exposed to a chemical, immediately strip and wash. Look for a hose, fountain, or any source of water. Wash with soap and water, if possible, but do not scrub the chemical into your skin. • Seek emergency medical attention as soon as possible.

Remember, terrorists have to do all the work. They have to get the concentration of the chemical up and keep it up for several minutes. All you have to do is quit getting it on you, quit breathing for several seconds, and put space between you and the attack.

Biological Attack The symptoms of a biological attack are usually delayed - an incubation period is typically required between first exposure and when disease symptoms appear.

What to do: • If you become aware of an unusual or suspicious release of an unknown substance nearby, it does not hurt to protect yourself. • Get away from the substance as quickly as possible. • Cover your mouth and nose with layers of fabric that can filter the air but still allow breathing. • Wash with soap and water and contact the authorities.

In the event of a biological attack, public health officials may not immediately be able to provide information on what you should do. However, you should watch TV, listen to the radio, or check the Internet for official news as it becomes available.

At the time of the declared biological emergency be suspicious, but do not automatically assume that any illness is the result of the attack. Symptoms of many common illnesses may overlap. Use common sense, practice good hygiene and cleanliness to avoid spreading germs, and seek medical advice.

PC-NET 62 2004 Pierce County

Before • During • After Specific Threats

Nuclear Threat What to do: • Take cover immediately, below ground if possible, though any shield or shelter will help protect you from the immediate effects of the blast and the pressure of the wave. • Consider if you can get out of the area or if it would be better to go inside a building and follow your plan to “Shelter-In-Place” (see pages 64 - 65). • Shielding – if you have a thick shield between yourself and the radioactive materials more of the radiation will be absorbed and your exposure will be less. • Distance – the farther away from the blast and the fallout the lower your exposure • Time – the less time you are exposed to the radiation the less will be your risk

Dirty bomb What to do: • In order to limit the amount of radiation you are exposed to, remember shielding, distance, and time. • Shielding – if you have a thick shield between yourself and the radioactive materials more of the radiation will be absorbed and your exposure will be less. • Distance – the farther away from the blast and the fallout the lower your exposure • Time – the less time you are exposed to the radiation the less will be your risk

Local authorities may not be able immediately to provide information on what is happening and what you should do. Watch TV, listen to the radio, or check the Internet for official news as it becomes available.

Follow Your Intuition - Be More Aware

Bottom Line: Live a normal life. Deny less. Honor your intuition more. Be willing to make a report if life places something relevant to terrorism in your view. Be open to things you notice that nag you and will not go away. Remember that pre-incident indicators are part of every incident. The vast majority of these are noticed by regular people, not the police or FBI. If you intuit something questionable, ask questions. If your answers are unsatisfying, report it to the police.

“We will not let terrorism be a house guest where we need interact with it several times each day. Instead, we will look at it and then file it away where it can be accessed if needed, but not where it will dominate our thinking.” Gavin de Becker

PC-NET 2004 63 Sheltering In Place Creating a “Safe Room” in Your Home

WHY Your house provides a good first-layer barrier against chemical airborne agents. Additional protection is achieved by tightly sealing one room of your home that you have pre-designated and prepared.

WHAT A safe room is one that easily and quickly can be sealed to protect you from airborne agents, and that has a few supplies to get you through the hours that you will need to stay inside it. All doors and windows of that room will be sealed with plastic sheeting and tape, and dampened towels or cloths will be placed under the doors. You will probably need to stay inside several hours, but not several days. So, choose a room that can accommodate your needs for several hours. A master bedroom with an attached bathroom is ideal to give you access to the toilet and running water.

Preparing a Safe Room • choose one room of your home that you can tightly seal • purchase plastic sheeting and cloth tape or duct tape • pre-cut the plastic to fit windows, vents, and doors of this room - label each piece • create a box or container to hold the pre-cut plastic, tape, and these additional supplies: a battery-powered AM / FM radio tuned to KIRO 710 AM (power may be out), extra batteries, some snack foods, some water, and some towels and blankets (if this is another room than the bedroom). Store this box in your safe room.

Generally • shelter where you are unless directed otherwise by response officials • it is only natural to want to be with your loved ones, but it is safer to stay where you are - do not attempt to get your children from school or day care • typically, events of this type do not last long - the hazardous agents are moved about by air and wind, which is constantly circulating • in extreme cases of contamination, breathing through a wet cloth provides additional protection

If in your car • tightly roll up all windows • shut off the motor to avoid drawing outside air in through the engine • turn off all heating and cooling and close all vents • breathe through a dampened cloth • turn on the radio and listen for instructions

PC-NET 64 2004 Shelter-in-PlaceShelter-in-Place InstructionsInstructions 1. Go inside immediately. • Remember your pets. #1

2. Tightly lock all doors and windows. • The more immediately you do this - and the more tightly - the less likely it will be that contaminants will get inside.

3. Shut off all fans and devices that circulate air throughout your home. • Shut off fans. • Adjust the thermostat of furnaces & air conditioners to shut off and stay off. #3 • Tightly close woodstove & fireplace dampers. If a fire is lit, put it out, close the damper, shut the vents and doors.

4. Go into your pre-selected room and seal it tightly. #4 • Tape plastic sheeting over windows, doors, vents, bathroom fans, electrical outlets, phone jacks, and TV & cable outlets. Remember - you are creating a tightly sealed room, so freely use the tape. • Place dampened towels under door cracks to tightly seal them.

5. Listen to the radio for instructions. Pierce County’s Emergency Alert Station is KIRO 710 AM. • Officials will be giving instruc- #5 tions about whether or not to evacuate, and when it is safe to come out.

6. Thoroughly air out your home once the emergency is over. • Open all your doors and windows. This will allow small particles that may #6 have gotten in to dissipate. The Natiiionalll Threat Warniiing System for Terroriiist Attacks

This “system” is a series of graduated threat conditions, based upon both the probability of a terrorist attack occurring and the seriousness of the consequences that could result. Terrorism is the use of force or violence against people or property with the intent to intimidate, coerce, or to create fear. Acts of terrorism include bombings and the use of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons.

Suggested Protectiiive Measures

Green (Low) Threat • Develop a household disaster plan. • Assemble a disaster supply kit. • Meet with your neighbors to establish Disaster Response Teams and to learn the 9-Step Neighborhood Response Plan.

Blllue (Guarded) Threat - complllete steps 1-4 1. 1. 1. 1. Review your household disaster plan, including your disaster meeting place information. 2. 2. 2. 2. Update your disaster supply kit, especially food, water, medications, & baby and special need supplies. 3. 3. 3. 3. Update your Out-of-Area contact names and phone numbers. 4. 4. 4. 4. Take a Disaster First Aid course.

Yellllllow (Elllevated) Threat - complllete steps 1-10 5. 5. 5. Be observant of any suspicious activity and report it to authorities. 6. 6. 6. Review the 9-Step Neighborhood Response Plan with your neighbors, especially the location for the Block Response Site, the First Aid Station, and the Care & Shelter Site. 7. 7. 7. Review your children’s school(s) emergency plans and procedures. 8. 8. 8. Review your Out-of-Area contact names and phone numbers. 9. 9. 9. Create a Shelter-In-Place Kit. 10. 10. 10. Develop alternate routes to and from work and school, and practice them.

Orange (Hiiigh) Threat - complllete steps 1-14 11. 11. Review Shelter-In-Place procedures & update kit contents. Make sure you have a battery-operated AM radio and extra batteries. 12. 12. Make sure your vehicle gas tank is at least half full at all times. 13. 13. Consider avoiding high profile or symbolic locations. 14. 14. Exercise caution when traveling. Expect delays. Be alert to your surroundings.

Red (Severe) Threat - complllete steps 1-21 15. Consider avoiding gathering in public places such as sports arenas, holiday gatherings, or other high risk locations. 16. Follow official instructions about restrictions to normal activities. 17. Contact employer to determine status of work. 18. Listen to the radio and TV for possible advisories and warnings. 19. Prepare to Shelter-in-Place or to evacuate should public officials instruct you to do so, and to strictly follow their guidance. 20. Be alert to persons dressed inappropriately for the weather conditions (often used by suicide bombers), persons taking photographs of critical facilities and/or asking detailed questions about physical security. 21. Prepare to respond with your neighborhood Response Teams. 66 • fill out and cut apart Pierce County’s Contact Cards • give to each loved one to keep in a wallet, purse, or back pack

Out-of-Area Contact Out-of-Area Contact

PC-NET PC-NET

NAME ______NAME ______

name of person living at least 100 miles away name of person living at least 100 miles away

Contact’s phone #'s:______Contact’s phone #'s:______daytime / work residence daytime / work residence

Fire Meeting Place ______Fire Meeting Place ______ near our home near our home

Disaster Mtg. Place ______Disaster Mtg. Place ______in case we cannot get home in case we cannot get home PC-NET Out-of-Area Contact PC-NET Out-of-Area Contact

NAME ______NAME ______name of person living at least 100 miles away name of person living at least 100 miles away

Contact’s phone #'s:______Contact’s phone #'s:______daytime / work residence daytime / work residence

Fire Meeting Place ______Fire Meeting Place ______near our home near our home