Drosophila Mef2 Is Essential for Normal Mushroom Body and Wing Development
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Role of Notch Signaling in Establishing the Hemilineages of Secondary Neurons in Drosophila Melanogaster James W
RESEARCH ARTICLE 53 Development 137, 53-61 (2010) doi:10.1242/dev.041749 Role of Notch signaling in establishing the hemilineages of secondary neurons in Drosophila melanogaster James W. Truman*,§, Wanda Moats, Janet Altman*, Elizabeth C. Marin† and Darren W. Williams‡ SUMMARY The secondary neurons generated in the thoracic central nervous system of Drosophila arise from a hemisegmental set of 25 neuronal stem cells, the neuroblasts (NBs). Each NB undergoes repeated asymmetric divisions to produce a series of smaller ganglion mother cells (GMCs), which typically divide once to form two daughter neurons. We find that the two daughters of the GMC consistently have distinct fates. Using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches, we examined the role of Notch signaling in establishing neuronal fates within all of the thoracic secondary lineages. In all cases, the ‘A’ (NotchON) sibling assumes one fate and the ‘B’ (NotchOFF) sibling assumes another, and this relationship holds throughout the neurogenic period, resulting in two major neuronal classes: the A and B hemilineages. Apparent monotypic lineages typically result from the death of one sibling throughout the lineage, resulting in a single, surviving hemilineage. Projection neurons are predominantly from the B hemilineages, whereas local interneurons are typically from A hemilineages. Although sibling fate is dependent on Notch signaling, it is not necessarily dependent on numb, a gene classically involved in biasing Notch activation. When Numb was removed at the start of larval neurogenesis, both A and B hemilineages were still generated, but by the start of the third larval instar, the removal of Numb resulted in all neurons assuming the A fate. -
Lola Has the Properties of a Master Regulator of Axon-Target Interaction for Snb Motor Axons of Drosophila
Developmental Biology 213, 301–313 (1999) Article ID dbio.1999.9399, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on lola Has the Properties of a Master Regulator of Axon–Target Interaction for SNb Motor Axons of Drosophila Knut Madden, Daniel Crowner, and Edward Giniger1 Division of Basic Sciences, Program in Developmental Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109 The proper pathfinding and target recognition of an axon requires the precisely choreographed expression of a multitude of guidance factors: instructive and permissive, positive and negative, and secreted and membrane bound. We show here that the transcription factor LOLA is required for pathfinding and targeting of the SNb motor nerve in Drosophila. We also show that lola is a dose-dependent regulator of SNb development: by varying the expression of one lola isoform we can progressively titrate the extent of interaction of SNb motor axons with their target muscles, from no interaction at all, through wild-type patterning, to apparent hyperinnervation. The phenotypes we observe from altered expression of LOLA suggest that this protein may help orchestrate the coordinated expression of the genes required for faithful SNb development. © 1999 Academic Press Key Words: axon guidance; synapse specification; alternative splicing; transcription factor; cell adhesion. INTRODUCTION In each embryonic abdominal hemisegment, the motor fascicle of SNb (also known as ISNb) comprises the axons of As an axon projects toward its synaptic targets in vivo, it eight identified motoneurons that project dorsally out of encounters a series of guidance “choice points,” at each of the ventral nerve cord, along a reproducible trajectory, to which the axon can either continue growing, turn onto a yield a precise pattern of innervation of seven bodywall different substratum, or stop and form a synapse. -
Genesis and Migration 3
Genesis and migration 3 Chapter 3 Outline precursor, and it appears that the information to define a given type of cell resides largely in factors derived directly from the What determines the number of cells produced by the precursors. The same is true for the neuroblasts that produce progenitors? 52 the Drosophila central nervous system: the production of neu- rons from the neuroblasts is highly stereotypic. The neuroblasts The generation of neurons and glia 55 of the insect CNS delaminate from the ventral–lateral ecto- Cerebral cortex histogenesis 58 derm neurogenic region in successive waves (see Chapter 1). Cerebellar cortex histogenesis 63 In Drosophila, about 25 neuroblasts delaminate in each seg- ment, and they are organized in four columns and six rows (Doe Molecular mechanisms of neuronal migration 65 and Smouse, 1990). Once the neuroblast segregates from the Postembryonic and adult neurogenesis 67 ectoderm, it undergoes several asymmetric divisions, giving Summary 73 rise to approximately five smaller ganglion mother cells. Each ganglion mother cell then divides to generate a pair of neurons. References 73 These neurons make up the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord and have stereotypic numbers and types of neurons. In the vertebrate, the situation gets considerably more com- The human brain is made up of approximately 100 billion plex. The neural tube of most vertebrates is initially a single neurons and even more glial cells. The sources of all these layer thick. As neurogenesis proceeds, the progenitor cells neurons and glia are the cells of the neural tube, described undergo a large number of cell divisions to produce a much in the previous chapters. -
Neuronal Diversification in the Postembryonic Drosophila Brain: A
University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS GSBS Dissertations and Theses Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 2011-08-31 Neuronal Diversification in the ostembrP yonic Drosophila Brain: A Dissertation Suewei Lin University of Massachusetts Medical School Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Animal Experimentation and Research Commons, Cells Commons, Nervous System Commons, and the Neuroscience and Neurobiology Commons Repository Citation Lin S. (2011). Neuronal Diversification in the ostembrP yonic Drosophila Brain: A Dissertation. GSBS Dissertations and Theses. https://doi.org/10.13028/eh7z-7w05. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/565 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in GSBS Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEURONAL DIVERSIFICATION IN THE POSTEMBRYONIC DROSOPHILA BRAIN A Dissertation Presented By Suewei Lin Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Worcester in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 31, 2011 iii Dedications To my parents for their patience and support & To my wife, for her selfless love that carries me through all the ups and downs in the five years of my PhD life. iv Acknowledgements I would like to thank Tzumin Lee for his guidance and support, and all my TRAC committee members for valuable suggestions. Thanks to Sen-Lin Lai and Hung- Hsiang Yu for their contributions on the study of “Lineage-specific effects of Notch/Numb signaling in postembryonic development of the antennal lobe lineages (Chapter IV)”. -
Control of Neuronal Cell Fate and Number by Integration of Distinct Daughter Cell Proliferation Modes with Temporal Progression
Control of neuronal cell fate and number by integration of distinct daughter cell proliferation modes with temporal progression Carina Ulvklo, Ryan MacDonald, Caroline Bivik, Magnus Baumgardt, Daniel Karlsson and Stefan Thor Linköping University Post Print N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. Original Publication: Carina Ulvklo, Ryan MacDonald, Caroline Bivik, Magnus Baumgardt, Daniel Karlsson and Stefan Thor, Control of neuronal cell fate and number by integration of distinct daughter cell proliferation modes with temporal progression, 2012, Development, (139), 4, 678-689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.074500 Copyright: Company of Biologists http://www.biologists.com/ Postprint available at: Linköping University Electronic Press http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74790 678 RESEARCH ARTICLE DEVELOPMENT AND STEM CELLS Development 139, 678-689 (2012) doi:10.1242/dev.074500 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd Control of neuronal cell fate and number by integration of distinct daughter cell proliferation modes with temporal progression Carina Ulvklo, Ryan MacDonald, Caroline Bivik, Magnus Baumgardt, Daniel Karlsson and Stefan Thor* SUMMARY During neural lineage progression, differences in daughter cell proliferation can generate different lineage topologies. This is apparent in the Drosophila neuroblast 5-6 lineage (NB5-6T), which undergoes a daughter cell proliferation switch from generating daughter cells that divide once to generating neurons directly. Simultaneously, neural lineages, e.g. NB5-6T, undergo temporal changes in competence, as evidenced by the generation of different neural subtypes at distinct time points. When daughter proliferation is altered against a backdrop of temporal competence changes, it may create an integrative mechanism for simultaneously controlling cell fate and number. -
Early Lineage Segregation of the Retinal Basal Glia in the Drosophila Eye Disc Chia‑Kang Tsao1,2, Yu Fen Huang1,2,3 & Y
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Early lineage segregation of the retinal basal glia in the Drosophila eye disc Chia‑Kang Tsao1,2, Yu Fen Huang1,2,3 & Y. Henry Sun1,2* The retinal basal glia (RBG) is a group of glia that migrates from the optic stalk into the third instar larval eye disc while the photoreceptor cells (PR) are diferentiating. The RBGs are grouped into three major classes based on molecular and morphological characteristics: surface glia (SG), wrapping glia (WG) and carpet glia (CG). The SGs migrate and divide. The WGs are postmitotic and wraps PR axons. The CGs have giant nucleus and extensive membrane extension that each covers half of the eye disc. In this study, we used lineage tracing methods to determine the lineage relationships among these glia subtypes and the temporal profle of the lineage decisions for RBG development. We found that the CG lineage segregated from the other RBG very early in the embryonic stage. It has been proposed that the SGs migrate under the CG membrane, which prevented SGs from contacting with the PR axons lying above the CG membrane. Upon passing the front of the CG membrane, which is slightly behind the morphogenetic furrow that marks the front of PR diferentiation, the migrating SG contact the nascent PR axon, which in turn release FGF to induce SGs’ diferentiation into WG. Interestingly, we found that SGs are equally distributed apical and basal to the CG membrane, so that the apical SGs are not prevented from contacting PR axons by CG membrane. Clonal analysis reveals that the apical and basal RBG are derived from distinct lineages determined before they enter the eye disc. -
Neural Stem Cells: Balancing Self-Renewal with Differentiation Chris Q
Development ePress online publication date 20 March 2008 REVIEW 1575 Development 135, 1575-1587 (2008) doi:10.1242/dev.014977 Neural stem cells: balancing self-renewal with differentiation Chris Q. Doe Stem cells are captivating because they have the potential to of proneural gene expression. High levels of the proneural genes make multiple cell types yet maintain their undifferentiated achaete, scute or lethal of scute repress Notch activity and state. Recent studies of Drosophila and mammalian neural stem promote NB formation; low levels of proneural gene expression cells have shed light on how stem cells regulate self-renewal allow high Notch activity, which maintains neuroectodermal fate versus differentiation and have revealed the proteins, processes and ultimately leads to epidermal differentiation (Artavanis- and pathways that all converge to regulate neural progenitor Tsakonas et al., 1991). Thus, proneural genes promote self-renewal. If we can better understand how stem cells neurogenesis (i.e. NB formation), whereas Notch signaling balance self-renewal versus differentiation, we will significantly inhibits neurogenesis. In this review, I briefly discuss embryonic advance our knowledge of embryogenesis, cancer biology and NBs and focus instead on the central brain NBs, where most is brain evolution, as well as the use of stem cells for therapeutic known about the mechanisms that regulate self-renewal. purposes. Larval NBs, which have many attributes of self-renewing stem cells, lie in a specialized cellular niche; they are undifferentiated, do Introduction not express any known neuron- or glial-specific markers; are highly A defining feature of stem cells is their ability to continuously proliferative yet never form tumors; can undergo mitotic quiescence maintain a stem cell population (self-renew) while generating without differentiating; and, most importantly, can generate differentiated progeny. -
Linking Neuronal Lineage and Wiring Specificity Hongjie Li1†, S
Li et al. Neural Development (2018) 13:5 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13064-018-0102-0 REVIEW Open Access Linking neuronal lineage and wiring specificity Hongjie Li1†, S. Andrew Shuster1,2†, Jiefu Li1† and Liqun Luo1* Abstract Brain function requires precise neural circuit assembly during development. Establishing a functional circuit involves multiple coordinated steps ranging from neural cell fate specification to proper matching between pre- and post- synaptic partners. How neuronal lineage and birth timing influence wiring specificity remains an open question. Recent findings suggest that the relationships between lineage, birth timing, and wiring specificity vary in different neuronal circuits. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular, molecular, and developmental mechanisms linking neuronal lineage and birth timing to wiring specificity in a few specific systems in Drosophila and mice, and review different methods employed to explore these mechanisms. Introduction immature neurons, is tightly controlled. In some neur- Multiple developmental processes, including cellular onal systems, different neuronal subtypes are sequen- specification, axon and dendrite targeting, and synaptic tially generated from one progenitor or a pool of partner matching, must be tightly coordinated to ensure common progenitors, and birth order or birth timing precise neural circuit assembly. Accordingly, many can predict their cell fates and wiring patterns; we studies have focused on exploring the developmental classify such lineage-related processes, which specify mechanisms underlying wiring specificity, revealing, over neuronal cell fate and wiring, as intrinsic mechanisms. the past several decades, numerous molecular and cellu- In other neuronal systems, cell fate and consequent lar mechanisms that regulate neural cell fate specifica- wiring patterns have been demonstrated to independent tion, axon guidance, and dendrite morphogenesis [1–3]. -
Pdm and Castor Specify Late-Born Motor Neuron Identity in the NB7-1 Lineage
Downloaded from genesdev.cshlp.org on September 28, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Pdm and Castor specify late-born motor neuron identity in the NB7-1 lineage Ruth Grosskortenhaus, Kristin J. Robinson, and Chris Q. Doe1 Institute of Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA Embryonic development requires generating cell types at the right place (spatial patterning) and the right time (temporal patterning). Drosophila neuroblasts undergo stem cell-like divisions to generate an ordered sequence of neuronal progeny, making them an attractive system to study temporal patterning. Embryonic neuroblasts sequentially express Hunchback, Krüppel, Pdm1/Pdm2 (Pdm), and Castor (Cas) transcription factors. Hunchback and Krüppel specify early-born temporal identity, but the role of Pdm and Cas in specifying temporal identity has never been addressed. Here we show that Pdm and Cas regulate late-born motor neuron identity within the NB7-1 lineage: Pdm specifies fourth-born U4 motor neuron identity, while Pdm/Cas together specify fifth-born U5 motor neuron identity. We conclude that Pdm and Cas specify late-born neuronal identity; that Pdm and Cas act combinatorially to specify a temporal identity distinct from either protein alone, and that Cas repression of pdm expression regulates the generation of neuronal diversity. [Keywords: Drosophila; birth order; neuroblast; temporal; timing] Supplemental material is available at http://www.genesdev.org. Received April 28, 2006; revised version accepted July 31, 2006. In the mammalian CNS, individual neural progenitors essary and sufficient to repress early-born layer 1 neuro- give rise to an ordered series of cell types in the cerebral nal identity (Hanashima et al. -
Neural Diversity in the Drosophila Olfactory Circuitry: a Dissertation
University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS GSBS Dissertations and Theses Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 2007-07-31 Neural Diversity in the Drosophila Olfactory Circuitry: A Dissertation Sen-Lin Lai University of Massachusetts Medical School Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Animal Experimentation and Research Commons, Cells Commons, and the Nervous System Commons Repository Citation Lai S. (2007). Neural Diversity in the Drosophila Olfactory Circuitry: A Dissertation. GSBS Dissertations and Theses. https://doi.org/10.13028/0tc8-tg27. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/ gsbs_diss/340 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in GSBS Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Dissertation Presented By Sen-Lin Lai Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Worcester in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY July 31st, 2007 ii NEURAL DIVERSITY IN THE DROSOPHILA OLFACTORY CIRCUITRY A Dissertation Presented By Sen-Lin Lai Approval as to style and content by: Tzumin Lee, M.D., Ph.D., Thesis Advisor Marc. R. Freeman Ph.D., Chair of Committee Vivian Budnik, Ph.D., Member of Committee Paul Garrity, Ph.D., Member of Committee Gregory Pazour, Ph.D., Member of Committee Scott Waddell, Ph.D., Member of Committee Anthony Carruthers, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Program in Neuroscience July 31st, 2007 iii Dedications To my mom and sisters for their support along the way. -
Comparative Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Complete Insect Nervous Systems
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785931; this version posted September 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Comparative single-cell transcriptomics of complete insect nervous systems B.T. Cocanougher1,2†, J.D. Wittenbach1†, X. Long1†, A.B. Kohn3, T.P. Norekian3,4,5, J. Yan1, J. Colonell1, J.-B. Masson7, J.W. Truman1, A. Cardona1,6, S. Turaga1, R.H. Singer1,8‡, L.L. Moroz3,4‡*, M. Zlatic1,2‡* Affiliations: 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia, USA. 2Department of Zoology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. 3Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA. 4Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA 5Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 6Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. 7Decision and Bayesian Computation, CNRS UMR 3571, Neuroscience and Computational Biology Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 8Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA †These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] (L.L.M.); [email protected] (M.Z.) 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/785931; this version posted September 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
The Dead Ringer/Retained Transcriptional Regulatory Gene Is Required for Positioning of the Longitudinal Glia in the Drosophila Embryonic CNS
Development 130, 1505-1513 1505 © 2003 The Company of Biologists Ltd doi:10.1242/dev.00377 The dead ringer/retained transcriptional regulatory gene is required for positioning of the longitudinal glia in the Drosophila embryonic CNS Tetyana Shandala1,2, Kazunaga Takizawa3,* and Robert Saint1,4,† 1Centre for the Molecular Genetics of Development, Adelaide University, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia 2Department of Molecular Biosciences, Adelaide University, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia 3Department of Developmental Genetics National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan 4Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia *Present address: Laboratory for Neural Network Development RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology 2-2-3 Chuo Kobe 650-0047, Japan †Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 30 December 2002 SUMMARY The Drosophila dead ringer (dri, also known as retained, fasciculation observed in the mutant embryos. Consistent retn) gene encodes a nuclear protein with a conserved DNA- with the late phenotypes observed, expression of the glial binding domain termed the ARID (AT-rich interaction cells missing (gcm) and reversed polarity (repo) genes was domain). We show here that dri is expressed in a subset found to be normal in dri mutant embryos. However, from of longitudinal glia in the Drosophila embryonic central stage 15 of embryogenesis, expression of locomotion defects nervous system and that dri forms part of the (loco) and prospero (pros) was found to be missing in a transcriptional regulatory cascade required for normal subset of LG. This suggests that loco and pros are targets development of these cells. Analysis of mutant embryos of DRI transcriptional activation in some LG.