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Megafauna Do Pleistoceno Final Da Fazenda São José, Poço Redondo, Sergipe, Brasil

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Megafauna Do Pleistoceno Final Da Fazenda São José, Poço Redondo, Sergipe, Brasil MEGAFAUNA DO PLEISTOCENO FINAL DA FAZENDA SÃO JOSÉ, POÇO REDONDO, SERGIPE, BRASIL Lucas de Melo França1 Mário André Trindade Dantas2 Maria Helena Zucon3 Mario Alberto Cozzuol4 1Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Bra- sil, [email protected] 2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Uni- versidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil, [email protected] 3Laboratório de Paleontologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristovão, SE, Brasil, [email protected] 4Laboratório de Paleozoologia, UFMG, [email protected] RESUMO As descobertas de fósseis da megafauna pleistocênica no Estado de Sergipe, nor- deste do Brasil, tiveram início em 1848. Atualmente é conhecida uma fauna composta por Eremotherium laurillardi, Catonyx cuvieri, Mylodontinae indeterminado, Glyptodon clavipes, Pachyarmatherium sp., Smilodon populator, Toxodon platensis, Notiomastodon platensis, Equinae indeterminado, Palaeolama major, e Galea spixii, descobertos em seis municípios sergipanos. O presente trabalho apresenta uma nova localidade no município de Poço Redondo, chamada de Fazenda São José, registrando a ocorrência de mais cinco espécies para o Estado. Palavras chave: megafauna pleistocênica, Fazenda São José, Poço Redondo, Sergipe ABSTRACT The discovery of pleistocenic megafauna fossils in the State of Sergipe, northeast Brazil occured since 1848. Currently it is known a fauna consisting of Eremotherium laurillardi, Catonyx cuvieri, an indeterminate Mylodontinae, Glyptodon clavipes, Pa- chyarmatherium sp., Smilodon populator, Toxodon platensis, Notiomastodon platensis, an indeterminate Equinae, Palaeolama major, and Galea spixii, found in six municipali- ties of Sergipe. This work presents a new locality in the municipality of Poço Redondo, know as São José farm, recording the occurrence of five more species to the Sergipe State. Keywords: pleistocenic megafauna, São José farm, Poço Redondo, Sergipe Estudos Geológicos v. 21 (1), 2011 95 Lucas de Melo França et. al. INTRODUÇÃO sobre a megafauna pleistocênica deixa- ram de ter um caráter amador, e come- Em Sergipe, fósseis de mamíferos çaram a ter um caráter científico, através do Pleistoceno são encontrados desde me- da publicação dos resultados das desco- ados do século XIX. A descoberta desses bertas em eventos científicos e revistas fósseis ocorre, na sua grande maioria, em especializadas. um tipo de afloramento fossilífero denomi- A primeira descoberta desta nova nado tanque, reservatório natural de água, fase ocorreu em 1981, com o auxílio do escavado pela natureza em rochas do em- Fausto Luiz de Souza Cunha, paleontólo- basamento cristalino pela ação do intem- go do Museu Nacional. O Laboratório de perismo químico e físico. Paleontologia/UFS realizou a descoberta A primeira descoberta ocorreu em de fósseis de uma preguiça gigante (E. lau- 1848 no município de Canhoba, na locali- rillardi) e de um mastodonte (N. platensis) dade denominada Sítios Novos, e foi reali- na Lagoa do Roçado, município de Monte zada pela população local (Velozo, 1961). Alegre (Souza-Cunha et al., 1985). Em 1918, o Instituto Histórico e Ge- Após quase vinte anos sem descober- ográfico de Sergipe recebeu a doação de tas, em 1999, o Laboratório de Paleontolo- fósseis descobertos em um tanque no mu- gia/UFS, com o auxílio de Cástor Cartelle, nicípio de Aquidabã, mas somente recente- paleontólogo da Pontifícia Universidade mente (Dantas, 2004) foram identificados Católica de Minas Gerais, realizou a coleta como pertencentes às espécies Eremothe- de fósseis na Fazenda Charco, localiza- rium laurillardi (Lund, 1842) e Notiomas- da no município de Poço Redondo. Nes- todon platensis (Ameghino, 1888) (=Ste- ta localidade foram encontrados fósseis gomastodon waringi (Mothé et al. 2011). de cinco táxons, duas preguiças gigantes Trinta e cinco anos depois, novos (E. laurillardi e Catonyx cuvieri (Lund, fósseis foram resgatados em Sítios Novos, 1839)), um mastodonte (N. platensis), um Canhoba, desta vez através de pesquisas toxodonte (subfamília Toxodontinae), e realizadas pelo Sr. José Augusto Garcez, uma lhama (P. major) (Goes et al., 2002; paleontólogo amador sergipano, em 1953, Dantas & Zucon, 2007). e posteriormente pelos estudantes secun- Em 2003, duas novas localidades fo- daristas do Clube Estudantil de Geologia ram estudadas, a Fazenda Tytoya, localiza- Amadorista de Sergipe – C.E.G.A.S., em da no município de Poço Redondo, onde 1971. Nesta localidade, diversos fósseis foram encontrados fósseis de preguiça foram resgatados por estes colecionadores gigante (E. laurillardi) (Dantas & Zucon, em conjunto, os quais, infelizmente, nun- 2005), e a Fazenda Elefante, localizada no ca chegaram a publicar suas descobertas. município de Gararu, onde foram encon- Posteriormente, Dantas (2008) e Dantas trados fósseis de nove táxons: três pregui- et al. (2011) indentificaram estes fósseis ças gigantes (E. laurillardi, C. cuvieri, e como pertencentes a preguiças gigantes uma espécie indeterminada da subfamília (E. laurillardi), mastodontes (N. platen- Mylodontinae), um gliptodonte (Glypto- sis), toxodontes (subfamília Toxodonti- don clavipes Owen, 1839), um mastodon- nae), gliptodontes (Glyptodon sp.) e a lha- te (N. platensis), um toxodonte (Família mas (Palaeolama major Liais, 1872). Toxodontidae), um lhama (P. major), um Com o surgimento do Laboratório de cavalo (Subfamília Equinae), e um tigre- Paleontologia da Universidade Federal de -de-dentes-de-sabre (Smilodon populator Sergipe (LPUFS) em 1978, as pesquisas Lund, 1842) (Dantas et al., 2005). 96 Estudos Geológicos v. 21 (1), 2011 Megafauna do pleistoceno final da fazenda São José, Poço Redondo, Sergipe, Brasil Cabe aqui retificar algumas informa- MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ções passadas por Dantas (2005a, b). O ci- tado autor havia atribuído a principio para O Estado de Sergipe está inserido a Fazenda Elefante a ocorrência da espécie dentro da Região Intertropical Brasileira Ocnotherium giganteum (Lund, 1842) ba- – RIB (Figura 1), como proposto por seado em dois molares identificados como Cartelle (1999). O material analisado foi 1 um M e um M4 D (Dantas, 2005a). Uma re- coletado nos meses de janeiro, agosto visão destas peças revelou que pertenciam e dezembro de 2010, em um tanque na verdade a dois táxons, o M1 ao Mylodon- (09°55’37”S, 37°45’13”W), localizado tinae indeterminado; e um M3 D, que tinha na Fazenda São José, Poço Redondo, sido interpretado como um M4 D, à espécie Sergipe (Figura 1), e atualmente faz parte Catonyx cuvieri (Dantas et al., 2005). do acervo cientifico do Laboratório de Dantas (2005b) também havia co- Paleontologia da Universidade Federal de municado a ocorrência de Glyptodon sp. Sergipe (LPUFS). e Glossotherium sp. na Fazenda Charco, mas verificou-se, posteriormente, que na verdade o material atribuído a estes táxons pertencia a N. platensis e Catonyx cuvieri, respectivamente (Dantas & Zucon, 2007). Apenas em 2007 foram encontra- dos fósseis de mamíferos pleistocênicos em outro tipo de afloramento fossilífero: as cavernas. Na caverna conhecida como Toca da Raposa, localizada no município de Simão Dias, foram descobertos fósseis de um gliptodonte (G. clavipes) e de um preá (Galea spixii (Wagler, 1831)) (Dan- tas, 2009). Em 2009, a Fazenda Charco, em Poço Redondo, foi novamente estudada, e foram descobertos fósseis que permitiram a identificação para esta localidade de To- xodon platensis, S. populator e Pachyar- matherium sp. (Dantas, 2010). Verifica-se, entretanto, que ainda pouco se conhece sobre a fauna pleistocê- nica que viveu em Sergipe, quando compa- rados com os achados nos demais Estados do Nordeste brasileiro. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos a divulgação de uma Figura 1. Localização do município de Poço nova localidade no município de Poço Redondo, Sergipe, Brasil. Legenda: RIB – re- Redondo, além de descrever a ocorrência gião intertropical brasileira de doze táxons para esta localidade, sendo que destas cinco são as primeiras ocorrên- cias para o Estado. Estudos Geológicos v. 21 (1), 2011 97 Lucas de Melo França et. al. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÕES Apesar de bem aceito que a espécie E. laurillardi é a única no Pleistoceno, apresentando ampla distribuição geográfi- TARDIGRADA ca (com registros desde Carolina do Sul, Latham & Davies in Forster, 1795 E.U.A até Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil), MEGATHERIOIDEA Gray, 1821 Guerin & Faure (2000) interpretam que na MEGATHERIIDAE (Gray, 1821) RIB existiram duas espécies pertencentes Owen, 1842 a esta família, uma espécie de preguiça de pequeno tamanho Megatherium laurillardi MEGATHERIINAE Gill, 1872 Lund, 1842 e uma de grande porte Eremo- Eremotherium laurillardi (Lund, 1842) therium rusconii (Schaub, 1935), no entan- to, Cartelle & de Iuliis (2006) apresenta- ram diversos argumentos, e refutam esta Material. Fragmento de molar interpretação. LPUFS 4934; magno LPUFS 4936; ramo mandibular LPUFS 4937; metacarpo IV LPUFS 4938; escápula LPUFS 4939; fí- bula LPUFS 4940; astrágalo LPUFS 4941; MYLODONTOIDEA (Gill, 1872) calcâneo LPUFS 4942-4943; molariforme LPUFS 4990-4991; fragmento de mandí- MYLODONTIDAE (Ameghino, 1889) bula LPUFS 4993; fragmento de costela SCELIDOTHERIINAE Ameghino, 1889 LPUFS 4994; corpo de vértebra lombar LPUFS 4995; porção proximal de úme- Material. Fragmento de mandíbula ro LPUFS 4996; falange medial LPUFS LPUFS 4932; fragmento da porção distal 4997-4999; navicular LPUFS 5000; mcc V de tíbia LPUFS 4933; falange do dedo IV LPUFS 5002; clavícula LPUFS 5017; cor- do pé esquerdo LPUFS 4935; fragmento
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