Breeding System of the Critically Endangered Lakela's Mint and Influence of Plant Height on Pollinators and Seed Output
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Reproductive Biology of Faidherbia Albida (Del.) A. Chev
Silva Fennica 37(4) research articles Reproductive Biology of Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. Yaye Kène Gassama-Dia, Djibril Sané and Mansor N’Doye Gassama-Dia, Y.K., Sané, D. & N’Doye, M. 2003. Reproductive biology of Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. Chev. Silva Fennica 37(4): 429–436. Phenology, fl owering and fructifi cation were studied in 5 natural populations of Faid- herbia albida in a semi-arid zone in Senegal. In this species, the infl orescence acts as the reproductive unit; the basal fl owers, opening fi rst, have a low rate of fertilisation; the maximum rate of fertilisation (65%) was obtained in the apical fl owers. Stigmatic receptivity, tested by esterasic reaction, was maximal immediately after anthesis. Stigmata of F. albida can bear simultaneously 2 or 3 polyads. Controlled pol- lination revealed that allogamy is the dominant reproductive system (ISI = 0.2) in natural populations of F. albida. Intra-specifi c variability in selfi ng (ISI ranging from 0 to 0.54) was also observed. Despite of the complete reproductive mechanism during fl owering, only a small number of ripe pods (1.25%) is produced, and an average of 70% of the ovules per carpel are fertilized. Keywords Faidherbia albida, fl owering, fructifi cation, polyad, allogamy, selfi ng Authors´ address Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de biologie végétale, Dakar, Sénégal E-mail [email protected] Received 1 September 2000 Accepted 7 July 2003 1 Introduction Development of any programme of tree breeding needs study of the pollination strategy Faidherbia albida (Del.) A. -
Autogamy and Allogamy in Genus Lathyrus
Lathyrus Lathyrism Newsletter 2 (2001) Autogamy and allogamy in genus pots, 20 cm in diameter, the plants were grown under homogenous conditions (25°C and 12h /day length) in Lathyrus an experimental garden, at the National Agronomic Research Institute of Tunisia (Upper Semi-arid). Plant flowering occurred from April (L. cicera, L. sativus and L. aphaca) to June (L. latifolius and L. sylvestris). N. Ben Brahim1, D. Combes2 and M. 3 Three types of treatments were performed: selfing by Marrakchi bagging flowers in order to prevent insect visitation of the flower (Treatment A), natural pollination without 1. Laboratoire de botanique, Institut National de la castration of anthers (Treatment B) and natural Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, pollination following castration of anthers (Treatment Rue Hédi Karray, 2049, Ariana, Tunisie. C). Each type of operation was performed on 15 2. Laboratoire d’Ecologie Moléculaire, IBEAS, flowers per plant, 5 plants were studied per species. Université de Pau et des Pays de Ladours, France. Two fertility parameters were measured for each plant 3. Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biologie on 15 flowers per plant: the frequency of flowers Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis. giving pods (p/f) and the mean number of seeds per pod (g/p). Email : (1) [email protected] The values of the ratio p/f ranged from 0 to 1, the transformation Introduction f(x) = arc sin√x, where x = p/f, was used. In Tunisia the genus Lathyrus is represented by 15 (11) native species , distributed essentially in marginal Statistical analysis. The data of the fertility parameters environments in the north of the country. -
Mode of Reproduction in Relation to Breeding Methods
© 2020 JETIR October 2020, Volume 7, Issue 10 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN RELATION TO BREEDING METHODS Yash Verma, Student, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri Mohali, India. ABSTRACT: In natural reproduction a portion gets detached from the body of mother plant and its detached portion grows up into a new independent plant under suitable conditions.The special cells or asexual reproductive units are produced by the parent body which grow themselves up into new individuals without two such cells fusing together as in sexual reproduction.The zygote develops into a new plant. The main difference between sexual and asexual reproduction is that in asexual reproduction only one parents sex is concerned while in sexual reproduction both parent sex are concerned.Meiosis and fertilisation are the regular and constant features of amphimixis. Occasionally, irregularities occur in them in which fertilisation is omitted. Even them the embryo develops from egg cell or from cells associated with it. When the pollens of a flower fall on the stigma of another flower on the same plant, it is termed as geitonogamy and genetically is equal to self pollination. Sometimes it occurs in maize where males are on top and females are laterally female on the same plant resulting in geitonogamy. Keywords- Amphimixis, Apomixis, Parthenogenesis, Apogamy, Apospory, Autogamy, Allogamy, Geitonogamy. The breeding methods that may be employed in a particular crop are determined by the mode of reproduction. This relationship will become clearer as the breeding methods used different crop. METHODS OF REPRODUCTION There are three methods of reproduction among plants: 1. -
Late-Acting Self-Incompatible System, Preferential Allogamy and Delayed Selfing in The
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.15.452457; this version posted July 15, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Late-acting self-incompatible system, preferential allogamy and delayed selfing in the 2 heterostylous invasive populations of Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala 3 4 Luis O. PORTILLO LEMUS1, Marilyne HARANG1, Michel BOZEC1, Jacques HAURY1, Solenn 5 STOECKEL2, Dominique BARLOY1 6 Short title: Mixed mating system in a European invasive Ludwigia 7 1 ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Institut Agro, INRAE, 35042, Rennes, France 8 2 IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 35653, Le Rheu, France 9 Corresponding author: [email protected] 10 Orcid number: 11 Luis O. PORTILLO LEMUS: 0000-0003-2123-4714 12 Jacques HAURY: 0000-0002-8628-8265 13 Solenn STOECKEL: 0000-0001-6064-5941 14 Dominique BARLOY: 0000-0001-5810-4871 15 16 17 Abstract 18 Mating system influences local population genetic structure, effective size, offspring 19 fitness and functional variation. Determining the respective importance of self- and cross- 20 fertilization in hermaphroditic flowering plants is thus important to understand their ecology 21 and evolution. The worldwide invasive species, Ludwigia grandiflora subsp. hexapetala (Lgh) 22 presents two floral morphs: one self-compatible short-styled morph (S-morph) and one self- bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.15.452457; this version posted July 15, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. -
Seed Germination and Seedling Allogamy in Rosmarinus Officinalis
DR. PATRICIO GARCIA-FAYOS (Orcid ID : 0000-0003-3449-5075) Article type : Research Paper Editor : Dr. C.Smit Seed germination and seedling allogamy in Rosmarinus officinalis: the costs of inbreeding Running head: Inbreeding in Rosmarinus officinalis Patricio Garcia-Fayos1*, Maria Clara Castellanos2, José Gabriel Segarra-Moragues3 Article 1Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV), C/ Carretera de Moncada- Náquera Km 4.5, Apartado Oficial, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain 2School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK 3Departamento Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, Avenida Doctor Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain * Correspondence P. Garcia-Fayos, Departament of Plant Ecology Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CIDE-CSIC-UV-GV), C/ Carretera de Moncada-Náquera Km 4.5, Apartado Oficial, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain E-mail: [email protected] This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may Accepted lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/plb.12686 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Abstract (1) Self-pollination by geitonogamy is likely in self-compatible plants that simultaneously expose large numbers of flowers to pollinators. However, the progeny of these plants is often highly allogamous. Although mechanisms to increase cross-pollination have been identified and studied, their relative importance has rarely been addressed simultaneously in plant populations. (2) We used Rosmarinus officinalis to explore the factors that influence the probability of self-fertilization due to geitonogamy or that purge its consequences, focusing on their effect on seed germination and allogamy rate. -
Pollinator-Mediated Self-Pollination and Reproductive Assurance in an Isolated Tree of Magnolia Grandiflora L
Sukumaran et al. Ecological Processes (2020) 9:45 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-020-00254-5 RESEARCH Open Access Pollinator-mediated self-pollination and reproductive assurance in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora L. Arun Sukumaran, Vinod Prasad Khanduri* and Chandra Mohan Sharma Abstract Background: The ability to produce seeds when pollinators or potential mates are scarce is one of the principal advantages of self-pollination in flowering plants. However, the role of pollinators mediating self-pollination to ensure seed set when pollen or potential mates are limited has received less attention. This study examined the reproductive consequences and involvement of pollinators in assuring seed set in an isolated tree of Magnolia grandiflora, a predominantly outcrossing species. Methods: We tested various aspects of reproduction such as flower density, floral rewards, stigma receptivity, pollinator abundance and behaviour, fruit set and seed set, in two successive reproductive years (2015–2016). Results: Flowers of M. grandiflora possess a suite of traits facilitating pollinator-mediated self-pollination (PMS), although the chances of autonomous self-pollination are reduced due to herkogamy, spatial separation of anther and stigma. The mean pollen production/flower was 5,152,289 ± 285,094 with a pollen-to-ovule ratio of 39430 ± 164. We found a significant positive correlation between number of visits and seed production for bees (r = 0.5099, p = 0.0007) and beetles (r = 0.7159, p = 0.00001), indicating these are effective at PMS. There was a significant negative correlation for thrips (r = – 0.3206, p = 0.044) and no correlation for flies or spiders. The percent fruit set was 100% and the seed set per ovule ranged between 19 and 20%. -
How Geitonogamous Selfing Affects Sex Allocation in Hermaphrodite Plants
How geitonogamous sel®ng affects sex allocation in hermaphrodite plants T. J. DE JONG, P. G. L. KLINKHAMER & M. C. J. RADEMAKER University of Leiden, Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Sciences, PO Box 9516, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands Keywords: Abstract dioecy; Does the mode of self-pollination affect the evolutionarily stable allocation to geitonogamy; male vs. female function? We distinguish the following scenarios. (1) An pollination; `autogamous' species, in which sel®ng occurs within the ¯ower prior to sel®ng; opening. The pollen used in sel®ng is a constant fraction of all pollen grains sex allocation. produced. (2) A species with `abiotic pollination', in which sel®ng occurs when pollen dispersed in one ¯ower lands on the stigma of a nearby ¯ower on the same plant (geitonogamy). The sel®ng rate increases with male allocation but a higher sel®ng rate does not mean a reduced export of pollen. (3) An `animal-pollinated' species with geitonogamous sel®ng. Here the sel®ng rate also increases with male allocation, but pollen export to other plants in the population is a decelerating function of the number of simultaneously open ¯owers. In all three models sel®ng selects for increased female allocation. For model 3 this contradicts the general opinion that geitonogamous sel®ng does not affect evolutionarily stable allocations. In all models, the parent bene®ts more from a female-biased allocation than any other individual in the population. In addition, in models 2 and 3, greater male allocation results in more local mate competition. In model 3 and in model 2 with low levels of inbreeding depression, hermaphroditism is evolutionarily stable. -
Can Legislation Deliver Conservation?: an Assessment of The
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2002 Can legislation deliver conservation?: an assessment of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) using two threatened plant species as case studies Claire Louise Brown University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Brown, Claire Louise, Can legislation deliver conservation?: an assessment of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) using two threatened plant species as case studies, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2002. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1038 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] CAN LEGISLATION DELIVER CONSERVATION? An assessment of the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW) using two threatened plant species as case studies. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree Doctor of Philosophy from the UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by CIAIRE LOUISE BROWN, B.Sc. (HONS)-B.A. DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES and FACULTY OF LAW November 2002 DECLARATION I, Claire Louise Brown, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Department of Biological Sciences and the Faculty of Law, University of Wollongong, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not -
Sex‐Specific Floral Attraction Traits in a Sequentially Hermaphroditic Species
Received: 4 October 2019 | Revised: 4 December 2019 | Accepted: 16 December 2019 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5987 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Sex-specific floral attraction traits in a sequentially hermaphroditic species Kristen Peach | Jasen W. Liu | Kristen N. Klitgaard | Susan J. Mazer Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Abstract Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA ● Many angiosperms are hermaphroditic and produce bisexual flowers in which male Correspondence (pollen export) and female (stigma receptivity) functions are separated temporally. Kristen Peach, Department of Ecology, This sequential hermaphroditism may be associated with variation in flower size, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA color, or pattern, all of which may influence pollinator attraction. In this study, we 93105, USA. describe variation in these traits across discrete functional sex stages within and Email: [email protected] between 225 greenhouse-grown individuals of Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae). Funding information In addition, to identify the effects of floral phenotype on pollinator attraction in UCSB Academic Senate this species, we examine the effects of these floral traits on pollen receipt in ~180 individuals in an experimental field array. ● Petal area, ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing nectar guide area, and blue and green mean petal reflectance differ significantly across the functional sex stages of C. unguicu- lata. Male- and female-phase flowers display significantly different pollinator at- traction traits. Petal and UV nectar guide area increase as flowers progress from male phase to female phase, while blue reflectance and green reflectance peak during anther maturation. ● In field arrays of C. unguiculata, female-phase flowers with large UV nectar guides receive more pollen than those with small nectar guides, and female-phase flow- ers with high mean blue reflectance values are more likely to receive pollen than those with low blue reflectance. -
Some Problems of Reproduction: a Comparative Study of Gametogeny and Protoplasmic Se- Nescence and Rejuvenescence
Some Problems of Reproduction: a Comparative Study of Gametogeny and Protoplasmic Se- nescence and Rejuvenescence. By Marcus JM. Hartog, M.A., I>.Sc, F.li.S., Professor of Natural History in the Queen's College, Cork. TABLE or CONTENTS. PA&E PAGE t. Introductory 3 Cheetophoracese and Ulva- Scope of Inquiry 3 ceaj .... 12 Bibliography 5 Ulothrix 12 Terminology and Notation . 6 Cylindrocapsa 13 [I. Typical Agamic Reproduction 7 Chlamydomonas 13 Monadinete 7 Desmids, Conjugates, and Myxomycetes . 7 Diatoms 13 Acrasieae .... 8 Volvox, Eudorina . 14 III. The Modes of Karyogamy, Oedogoniacese 14 illustiatedchieflyfrom the (Beak formation com- Protophytes . 8 pared with that of 1. Isogamy, multiple and zoosporange in Chyt- binary 8 ridiese and Saproles- (Euisoganiy, Exoiso- niece) 15 gamy) . 9 Coleochtetece . 16 2. Anisogainy . 10 Melauophycea; 16 3. Hypoogamy . 10 Fucacese 16 4. Oogamy 11 B. Apocytial Forms 17 5. Siphonogamy 11 1. Green or Algal Types . 17 IV. Comparative Gametogeny in Cladophora 17 the Vegetable Kingdom . 12 SipllOUCEB . 18 A. Protophytes and Cellular Sphteroplea 19 Algas.... 12 Vauclieria . 20 VOL. XXXIIIj PAET I. NEW SEE. MAJROtJS M. HAETOG. PAOE PAOE 2. Colourless or Fungal 2. Angiosperms . 36 Types . .20 Male structures (pollen a. Phycomycetes zoospo- and pollen tube) . 36 rete . 20 Cell formations in em- Ancylistese . 20 bryo-sac . .37 Chytridieee (Olpidi- Cellular morphology of opsis, Polypha- mature embryo-sac . 40 gus, Zygochyt- V. Comparative Gametogeny in rium,Tetrachyt- the Animal Kingdom . 41 rium) . .21 A. Protozoa. .41 Monoblepharis . 22 1. Flagellata ... 41 Peronosporese. 22 Euflagellata . 41 Saprolegniese . 23 Cystoflagellata (seg- b. Phycomycetes aplano- mentation of zygote sporem . -
Floral Biology Studies in Habanero Pepper (Capsicum Chinense Jacq.) to Implement in a Cross-Breeding Program
agriculture Article Floral Biology Studies in Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) to Implement in a Cross-Breeding Program Laura P. Peña-Yam , Liliana S. Muñoz-Ramírez, Susana A. Avilés-Viñas, Adriana Canto-Flick, Adolfo Guzmán-Antonio and Nancy Santana-Buzzy * Unidad de Bioquímica y Bilogía Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico; [email protected] (L.P.P.-Y.); [email protected] (L.S.M.-R.); [email protected] (S.A.A.-V.); [email protected] (A.C.-F.); [email protected] (A.G.-A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 October 2019; Accepted: 12 November 2019; Published: 26 November 2019 Abstract: Knowledge of the reproductive biology of a species is fundamental in order to develop an efficient program of genetic improvement by hybridization. The viability of the pollen, anther dehiscence, receptivity of the stigma and the anthesis of 12 improved lines of Habanero pepper were studied to develop a cross-breeding program. Among the results, the greatest number of flowers in anthesis was quantified at 8:00 a.m. for most genotypes. The dehiscence of the anther differed significantly in stages evaluated, observing in flower buds 100% of the closed anthers. The receptivity was positive in all the stages evaluated (before, during and after anthesis) and in all the genotypes, the most outstanding being the genotype AKN-08, which presented 100% of receptivity in the three stages evaluated. The viability of the pollen varied among the different conservation times evaluated (0, 24 and 48 h) while the highest percentage of viability (80%) and the largest number of seeds per fruit (56) were obtained when recently collected pollen was used (0 time). -
Self- and Cross-Fertilization in Plants. I. Functional Dimensions Author(S): David G
Self- and Cross-Fertilization in Plants. I. Functional Dimensions Author(s): David G. Lloyd and Daniel J. Schoen Source: International Journal of Plant Sciences, Vol. 153, No. 3, Part 1 (Sep., 1992), pp. 358- 369 Published by: The University of Chicago Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2995676 . Accessed: 18/02/2014 15:23 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The University of Chicago Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to International Journal of Plant Sciences. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 131.212.205.195 on Tue, 18 Feb 2014 15:23:21 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Int. J. Plant Sci. 153(3):358-369. 1992. ? 1992 by The University of Chicago.All rightsreserved. 1058-5893/92/5303-0010$02.00 SELF-AND CROSS-FERTILIZATION IN PLANTS. 1. FUNCTIONALDIMENSIONS DAVID G. LLOYD AND DANIEL J. SCHOEN Plant and MicrobialSciences, University of Canterbury,Private Bag, Christchurch,New Zealand; and Biology Department,McGill University, Montreal,Quebec H3A IBI, Canada Many functional-ecological, morphological,and physiological-factors affect the occurrenceof self- fertilization.Six modes of self-pollinationare distinguished.