Full Disclosures
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Hitting a Wall: an Ambiguous Case of Wallenberg Syndrome
Open Access Case Report DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16268 Hitting a Wall: An Ambiguous Case of Wallenberg Syndrome James R. Pellegrini 1 , Rezwan Munshi 1 , Bohao Cao 1 , Samuel Olson 2 , Vincent Cappello 1 1. Internal Medicine, Nassau University Medical Center, East Meadow, USA 2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA Corresponding author: Bohao Cao, [email protected] Abstract Wallenberg syndrome is the most common stroke of the posterior circulation. Diagnosis of Wallenberg syndrome is often overlooked as initial MRI may show no visible lesion. We present an atypical case of Wallenberg syndrome in which the initial MRI of the brain was normal. Our patient is a 65-year-old male who was brought in by emergency medical services complaining of right- sided facial droop, slurred speech, and left-sided weakness for one day. Physical examination showed decreased left arm and leg strength compared to the right side, decreased left facial temperature sensations, decreased left arm and leg temperature sensations, and difficulty sitting upright with an associated leaning towards the left side. An initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with and without contrast revealed no abnormality. In light of such a high suspicion for stroke based on the patient’s neurologic deficits, a repeat MRI of the brain was performed three days later and exposed a small focus of bright signal (hyperintensity) on T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the left posterior medulla. Wallenberg syndrome, also known as lateral medullary syndrome or posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome, is a constellation of symptoms caused by posterior vascular accidents. -
Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Epilepsy Under Levetiracetam Monotherapy
Original Article / Özgün Makale DODO I: 10.4274/ I: 10.4274/jtsm.xxxjtsm.69188 Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine 2018;5:12-6 Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients with Epilepsy Under Levetiracetam Monotherapy Levetirasetam Monoterapisi Altında Epilepsi Hastalarında Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Gülnihal Kutlu, Fatma Genç*, Yasemin Ünal, Dilek Aslan Öztürk, Abidin Erdal*, Yasemin Biçer Gömceli* Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Muğla, Turkey *University of Health Sciences, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Neurology, Antalya, Turkey Abstract Öz Objective: Restless Legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent neurological Amaç: Huzursuz Bacak sendromu (HBS) sık görülen bir nörolojik disease. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective and broad-spectrum hastalıktır. Levetirasetam (LEV) etkili ve geniş spektrumlu bir antiepileptik anticonvulsant drug. The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency ilaçtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı epilepsi tanısı ile LEV monoterapisi alan of RLS in patients diagnosed with epilepsy who took LEV monotherapy. hastalarda HBS sıklığını araştırmaktır. Materials and Methods: Two neurologists were reviewed the files of Gereç ve Yöntem: Epilepsi polikliniğinde takip edilen 1680 hastanın 1680 patients, who were followed in epilepsy outpatient clinic. One dosyası iki nörolog tarafından gözden geçirildi. En az 6 aydır LEV hundred seven patients under LEV monotherapy for at least six months monoterapisi alan 107 hasta ve 120 sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya alındı. and 120 healthy controls were included in the study. The criteria for the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group were taken into HBS değerlendirmesi için Uluslararası Huzursuz Bacak Sendromu Çalışma consideration for the assessment of RLS. Grubu’nun kriterleri göz önüne alındı. Results: The mean age of patient group was 38.26±17.39 years, while Bulgular: Sağlıklı kontrollerin ortalama yaşı 39,17±16,12 yıl iken, the mean age of healthy controls was 39.17±16.12 years. -
Acute Stroke Thrombolysis Guideline (Template) TIME IS BRAIN Call “Code Stroke” DOOR to NEEDLE TARGET IS Less Than 60 MINUTES!
Acute Stroke Thrombolysis Guideline (Template) TIME IS BRAIN Call “Code Stroke” DOOR TO NEEDLE TARGET IS less than 60 MINUTES! Guideline: Use of IV Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator (rtPA, tPA, Alteplase, Actilyse®) in Acute Ischaemic Stroke This treatment is indicated in selected acute stroke patients. See New Zealand Clinical Guidelines for Stroke Management 2010 www.nzgg.org.nz Purpose This stroke thrombolysis guideline is intended to guide clinicians when planning stroke thrombolysis with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (Alteplase). [NB: this template has been developed by the NZ National Thrombolysis Working Group, requires local adaptation, and can be used as a guideline or converted into a pathway by adding tick boxes and patient sticker areas]. Thrombolysis should be considered in patients with acute stroke symptoms arriving within 3.5 hours (treat IV within 4.5 hrs) of symptom onset. Alteplase CANNOT be substituted with any other fibrinolytic agents, including other forms of recombinant tPA. Definitions “Code Stroke” is a key component of effective thrombolysis and denotes a rapid treatment pathway to minimise onset to needle time. It is a communication protocol to activate the appropriate Stroke Thrombolysis Team to meet the patient at the hospital door. This will utilise different resources in different hospitals. It also includes: 1. Avoidance of transit to non-thrombolysis hospitals 2. Pre-hospital notification that a potential stroke thrombolysis patient is en-route with an estimated time of arrival 3. Bloods and IV lines x 2 performed in transit if no delays would result, or otherwise at hospital triage 4. Pre-notification of CT staff of pending arrival 5. -
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Stroke Rehabilitation
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Stroke Rehabilitation Amy Quilty OT Reg. (Ont.), Occupational Therapist Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Certificate Program, University of Toronto Quinte Health Care: [email protected] Learning Objectives • To understand that CBT: • has common ground with neuroscience • principles are consistent with stroke best practices • treats barriers to stroke recovery • is an opportunity to optimize stroke recovery Question? Why do humans dominate Earth? The power of THOUGHT • Adaptive • Functional behaviours • Health and well-being • Maladaptive • Dysfunctional behaviours • Emotional difficulties Emotional difficulties post-stroke • “PSD is a common sequelae of stroke. The occurrence of PSD has been reported as high as 30–60% of patients who have experienced a stroke within the first year after onset” Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Mood, Cognition and Fatigue Following Stroke practice guidelines, update 2015 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijs.12557/full • Australian rates: (Kneeborne, 2015) • Depression ~31% • Anxiety ~18% - 25% • Post Traumatic Stress ~10% - 30% • Emotional difficulties post-stroke have a negative impact on rehabilitation outcomes. Emotional difficulties post-stroke: PSD • Post stroke depression (PSD) is associated with: • Increased utilization of hospital services • Reduced participation in rehabilitation • Maladaptive thoughts • Increased physical impairment • Increased mortality Negative thoughts & depression • Negative thought associated with depression has been linked to greater mortality at 12-24 months post-stroke Nursing Best Practice Guideline from RNAO Stroke Assessment Across the Continuum of Care June : http://rnao.ca/sites/rnao- ca/files/Stroke_with_merged_supplement_sticker_2012.pdf Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ViaCs0k2jM Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - CBT A Framework to Support CBT for Emotional Disorder After Stroke* *Figure 2, Framework for CBT after stroke. -
Parasite Linked to Dementia, Cognitive Impairment
May 2008 • www.clinicalneurologynews.com News 5 Parasite Linked to Dementia, Cognitive Impairment ARTICLES BY AMY ROTHMAN that 5 (12.5%) of treatment-naive patients but other lesions also can be related, and are SCHONFELD diagnosed with neurocysticercosis met located anywhere in the brain. Contributing Writer DSM IV criteria for dementia, significant- Humans become infected with neuro- ly more than the normal control group (P cysticercosis through consumption of food C HICAGO — Untreated central nervous less than .05). Major memory impairment or water contaminated with the feces of a system infection with the parasitic neuro- was found in 23 (57.5%). On a battery of NDRADE Taenia solium tapeworm carrier. The adult cysticercosis may present as cognitive im- cognitive tests that evaluated memory, at- A tapeworms are found only in the intestine pairment ranging from mild deficit to tention, praxis, and executive function, all of humans. Once the tapeworm lays its IAMPI DE full-blown dementia. those with neurocysticercosis demon- C eggs, the larvae may invade tissue and Neurocysticercosis is the most common strated one or more cognitive deficits, a through the bloodstream infect skeletal parasitic infection of the CNS. Even physi- significantly higher rate than observed for ANIEL muscles, the eyes, brain, and spinal cord. A . D R cians may be unaware of infection’s ad- the normal controls (P less than .05). In- D person can be infested by T. solium and be verse effects on cognition, according to Dr. terestingly, when compared with patients a carrier, but not develop cysticercosis. Daniel Ciampi de Andrade. with cryptogenic epilepsy, neurocysticer- Dr. -
Frequent Difficulties in the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome – Case Report and Literature Review
Psychiatr. Pol. 2015; 49(5): 921–930 PL ISSN 0033-2674 (PRINT), ISSN 2391-5854 (ONLINE) www.psychiatriapolska.pl DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/PP/35395 Frequent difficulties in the treatment of restless legs syndrome – case report and literature review Dominika Narowska 1, Milena Bożek 2, Katarzyna Krysiak 3, Jakub Antczak3, Justyna Holka-Pokorska1, Wojciech Jernajczyk3, Adam Wichniak1 1 Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw 2 First Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw 3 Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Sleep Disorders Centre, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology in Warsaw Summary Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is one of the most common sleep disorders. The purpose of this paper is a case description of the patient suffering from RLS, concurrent with numer- ous clinical problems. In our patient, during long-term therapy with a dopamine agonist (ropinirole), the phenomenon of the augmentation, defined as an increase in the severity of the RLS symptoms, was observed. The quality of life of the patient was significantly dete- riorated. Due to the augmentation of RLS symptoms the dopaminergic drug was gradually withdrawn, and the gabapentin as a second-line drug for the treatment of RLS was introduced. Because of the large increase of both insomnia and RLS symptoms during the reduction of ropinirole dose, clonazepam was temporarily introduced. In addition, in the neurological as- sessment of the distal parts of the lower limb sensory disturbances of vibration were found. The neurographic study confirmed axonal neuropathy of the sural nerves, which explained an incomplete response to dopaminergic medications. -
The Management of Restless Legs Syndrome in Adults in Primary Care
The Management of Restless Legs Syndrome in Adults in Primary Care Victoria Birchall /Susan McKernan Midlands and Lancashire CSU December 2015 (Review date November 2018) VERSION CONTROL Version Number Date Amendments made 1.0 December Version 1. Approved 2015 Contents VERSION CONTROL ........................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 3 2. PURPOSE AND SUMMARY ......................................................................................... 3 3. SCOPE .......................................................................................................................... 3 4. GUIDANCE .................................................................................................................... 3 5. REFERENCES .............................................................................................................. 8 6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. 8 Please access documents via the LMMG website to ensure the correct version is in use. 1. INTRODUCTION Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), also known as Willis-Ekborn disease, is a common sensory motor neurological disorder which causes a characteristic, overwhelming and irresistible urge to move the limbs, usually the legs but can also additionally affect the arms – in addition to uncomfortable, abnormal sensations which -
SWOSS Prevention Committee
Hemiplegic Shoulder Power Point for staff education sessions Presented by Cathy McBay and Candace Coe HHS Stroke Annual Review March 7 and 7, 2018 www.swostroke.ca Overview • Structure of the Shoulder Complex • Low Tone Upper Limb • Hemi Arm protocol • High Tone Upper Limb • Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Hemi Sling Application Structure GLENOHUMERAL JOINT • Ball and socket joint. • Stability sacrificed for mobility. MUSCULAR CONTROL • Rotator Cuff muscles • Scapular and trunk muscles Biomechanics: Arm Elevation • 0-90 degrees • Primarily arm (ie:humerus) movement • Little movement in shoulder blade (scapula) • Above 90 degrees • To allow normal movement and prevent impingement of rotator cuff tendons the shoulder blade MUST o Rotate up o Glide along rib cage Low Tone Shoulder • Most common in initial stages following stroke. • Results from damage to the motor pathways innervating the upper limb muscles. • Low tone shoulders are highly susceptible to damage of the structures surrounding the shoulder (muscles, tendons, ligaments). • Preventing subluxation is crucial in the early stages of stroke recovery- critical role for all team members Low Tone Shoulder • Pathoanatomy of Subluxed Shoulder • Flaccid or low tone muscles at shoulder and trunk lead to altered alignment of scapula and humerus. • Stabilizing muscles not present • Muscles overstretch due to weight of arm in dependent position. • Inferior subluxation is most common Shoulder Subluxation • Consequences of shoulder subluxation: • Irreversible stretching of ligaments, tendons and capsule leading to instability at the joint. • Structural changes hamper recovery of muscle activity in shoulder complex. • Injury to brachial plexus. • Chronic shoulder pain. Shoulder Subluxation Management of Low Tone Shoulder • Positioning • Support low tone arm at all times: o Use pillows, slings, lap trays o Slings should be worn during transfers or ambulation only. -
Sleep Disorders and Stroke
Supplement Methods The work was conducted under the auspices of the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the European Academy of Neurology (EAN), the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and the European Sleep Research Society (ESRS). A working group of experts in neurology, respiratory medicine, sleep medicine and stroke care, together with a methodological support, was formed after consultation of the four societies. The document was drafted following the recommendations of the ERS and EAN for the Statement/Consensus Review documents.1,2,3 Roles and responsibilities of each party as they relate to the production of the document were regulated by a memorandum of understanding signed by the four societies involved. The first face-to-face meeting of the Task Force took place in Bologna, September 14th 2016. Two other face-to-face meetings (Marseille, April 5th 2017; Milan September 9th 2017) and several tele-conferences were held in order to complete the document. The Task Force developed a document focusing on the following main topics: a) Sleep-wake disorders - such as sleep-related breathing disorders, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder- as risk factors of stroke. b) Effect of treatment of sleep-wake disturbances on prevention of stroke. c) Frequency of sleep-wake disorders as a consequence of stroke. d) Outcome of sleep-related breathing and possible treatment effects of sleep-wake disturbances in patients with acute stroke. The topics were organized in the following 13 questions (see PICO structure below): Pre-stroke phase 1.1. Causation Is SDB an independent risk factor of stroke? 1.2. Therapy Does treatment of SDB prevent stroke? 2.1. -
Restless Legs Syndrome
Information from your Patient Aligned Care Team Restless Legs Syndrome What is Restless Legs Syndrome? Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sleep disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs (i.e., creeping, crawling, tingling, pulling, or pain). These sensations usually occur in the calf area. They may also be felt anywhere between the thigh and the ankle. In cases of RLS, one or both legs may be affected and for some people sensations are also felt in the arms. The severity of these sensations can vary each night or over the course of years. Those with RLS typically report that they feel an irresistible urge to move their legs when these sensations occur. Although people with RLS may experience periods when their symptoms go away, the symptoms usually return. Typically, people experience symptoms on a daily basis. RLS occurs equally in both men and women. Although symptoms can present at any time, they are usually more prevalent and severe among older people. Young people who experience symptoms of RLS are sometimes thought to be experiencing "growing pains" or may be considered "hyperactive" because they cannot easily sit still in school. Many people with RLS have a related sleep disorder called periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), characterized by involuntary, jerking or bending leg movements. These typically occur every 10 to 60 seconds during sleep. Some people experience hundreds of these movements per night many of which awaken them or their bed partners, and disturbs their sleep. RLS and PLMD can result in difficulties with work, social life, and recreational activities. -
A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Setting of Long-Term Care and Dementia
Elmer Press Case Report J Med Cases • 2013;4(2):72-74 A Case of Restless Legs Syndrome in the Setting of Long-Term Care and Dementia Joshua Fauchera, Paul Y. Takahashib, c which are involuntary stereotyped jerking movements of the Abstract limbs. Dementia is also extremely common in long-term care Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a common disorder that physi- settings, with prevalence in residents 65 years and older re- cians frequently encounter in an outpatient clinic. Within long-term cently measured at 45% for men, and 52 % for women [2]. care, there are unique challenges to caring for residents with RLS. In patients with dementia, having RLS as a comorbidity has An 87-year-old woman with dementia and a history of RLS and been associated with nocturnal agitation behavior [3]. These nocturnal agitation, resided in a long-term care setting and expe- disruptions can create problems for nursing home residents rienced nighttime agitation and aggression towards staff, coupled including sleep deprivation and a decreased quality of life. with cognitive decline. Her agitation was possibly a result of inad- equate treatment of longstanding RLS or worsening of her demen- Our case demonstrates this type of situation, along with the tia. On account of her dementia, she was unable to communicate diagnostic difficulties surrounding RLS in patients with de- her symptoms. Current diagnostic criteria for RLS require patient mentia. reports of subjective symptoms. Patients must describe their feel- ings within the legs, which helps to clarify the diagnosis. Our case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing restless legs in patients with Case Report dementia and communication difficulties, and the need for empiric treatment. -
Effect of Fluoxetine on Motor Recovery After Acute Haemorrhagic Stroke
logy & N ro e u ur e o p N h f y o s l i a o l n o r g Shah et al., J Neurol Neurophysiol 2016, 7:2 u y o J Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology DOI: 10.4172/2155-9562.1000364 ISSN: 2155-9562 Neurology & Neurophysiology Research Open Access Effect of Fluoxetine on Motor Recovery after Acute Haemorrhagic Stroke: A Randomized Trial Irfan Ahmad Shah1*, Ravouf P Asimi1, Yuman Kawoos2, Mushtaq A Wani1, Maqbool A Wani1 and Mansoor A Dar2 1Department of Neurology, Sheri-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, India 2Department of Psychiatry, Government medical college Srinagar, India *Corresponding author: Irfan Ahmad Shah, Senior resident hostel, SKIMS, Soura, Srinagar, India, Tel: 91-9796957186; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: February 26, 2016; Accepted date: March 29, 2016; Published date: April 05, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Shah IA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Background: A few clinical trials have suggested that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s) enhance motor recovery after stroke but no study has been done in haemorhagic stroke patients. We therefore aimed to investigate whether fluoxetine, an SSRI would enhance motor recovery in patients of haemorrrhagic stroke. Methods: Patients who had haemorrhagic stroke with hemiplegia or hemiparesis and were aged between 18 years and 80 years were included in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio to fluoxetine (20 mg/d, orally) or placebo for 3 months starting 5-10 days after the onset of stroke.