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Volume III . Questões De Limites: Guiana Francesa (1ª Memória)

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Volume III . Questões De Limites: Guiana Francesa (1ª Memória) OBRAS DO BARÃO DO RIO BRANCO III QUESTÕES DE LIMITES GUIANA FRANCESA 1ª MEMÓRIA MINISTÉRIO DAS RELAÇÕES EXTERIORES Ministro de Estado Embaixador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota Secretário-Geral Embaixador Ruy Nunes Pinto Nogueira FUNDAÇÃO ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO Presidente Embaixador José Vicente de Sá Pimentel Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Diretor Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Diretor Embaixador Maurício E. Cortes Costa A Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão , instituída em 1971, é uma fundação pública vinculada ao 0LQLVWpULRGDV5HODo}HV([WHULRUHVHWHPD¿QDOLGDGHGHOHYDUjVRFLHGDGHFLYLOLQIRUPDo}HV sobre a realidade internacional e sobre aspectos da pauta diplomática brasileira. Sua missão é promover a sensibilização da opinião pública nacional para os temas de relações internacionais e para a política externa brasileira. Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo, Sala 1 70170-900 Brasília, DF Telefones: (61) 2030-6033/6034/6847 Fax: (61) 2030-9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br Obras do Barão do Rio Branco III Questões de Limites Guiana Francesa 1a Memória Ministério das Relações Exteriores Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Brasília, 2012 'LUHLWRVGHSXEOLFDomRUHVHUYDGRVj Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo 70170-900 Brasília – DF Telefones: (61) 2030-6033/6034 Fax: (61) 2030-9125 Site: www.funag.gov.br E-mail: [email protected] Editor: Embaixador Manoel Antonio da Fonseca Couto Gomes Pereira Equipe Técnica: Eliane Miranda Paiva Vanusa dos Santos Silva André Luiz Ventura Ferreira Pablinne Stival Marques Gallert Revisão de: Mariana de Moura Coelho Programação Visual e Diagramação: *Ui¿FDH(GLWRUD,GHDO/WGD Impresso no Brasil 2012 Obras do Barão do Rio Branco III : questões de limites Guiana francesa primeira memória. – Brasília: Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão, 2012. 284 p.; 15,5 x 22,5 cm. ISBN 978-85-7631-354-0 1. Diplomata. 2. Relações Internacionais. CDU 341.71 )LFKDFDWDORJUi¿FDHODERUDGDSHOD%LEOLRWHFiULD6RQDOH3DLYD – CRB /1810 Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme Lei n° 10.994, de 14/12/2004. Comissão Organizadora da Celebração do Primeiro Centenário da Morte do Barão do Rio Branco Presidente: Embaixador Antonio de Aguiar Patriota Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores Membros: Embaixador Ruy Nunes Pinto Nogueira Secretário-Geral das Relações Exteriores Senhor Julio Cezar Pimentel de Santana Assessor do Chefe de Gabinete do Ministro da Defesa Primeira-Secretária Luciana Rocha Mancini Assessora Internacional do Ministério da Educação Senhor Maurício Vicente Ferreira Júnior Diretor do Museu Imperial em Petrópolis, Ministério da Cultura 0LQLVWUR$OGHPR6HUD¿P*DUFLD-~QLRU Assessor Internacional do Ministério das Comunicações Professor Doutor Jacob Palis Presidente da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Ministro Rodrigo de Lima Baena Soares Assessor Especial da Secretaria de Comunicação Social da Presidência da República Primeiro-Secretário Rodrigo Estrela de Carvalho Assessoria Especial da Presidência da República Senhora Mônica Rizzo Soares Pinto Diretora do Centro de Referência e Difusão da Fundação Biblioteca Nacional Doutora Christiane Vieira Laidler Diretora do Centro de Pesquisa da Fundação Casa de Rui Barbosa Senhora Maria Elizabeth Brêa Monteiro Coordenadora de Pesquisa e Difusão do Acervo do Arquivo Nacional Professor Doutor Carlos Fernando Mathias de Souza Vice-Reitor Acadêmico da Universidade do Legislativo Brasileiro – Unilegis, Senado Federal Doutor José Ricardo Oria Fernandes Consultor Legislativo da Câmara dos Deputados Comitê Executivo: Coordenador-Geral: Embaixador Manoel Antonio da Fonseca Couto Gomes Pereira, Coordenador-Geral de Pesquisas do Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Coordenador de Seminários e Publicações: Embaixador José Vicente de Sá Pimentel, Diretor do Instituto de Pesquisa de Relações Internacionais Coordenador no Rio de Janeiro: Embaixador Maurício Eduardo Cortes Costa, Diretor do Centro de História e Documentação Diplomática Coordenador de Divulgação: Embaixador Tovar da Silva Nunes, Chefe da Assessoria de Comunicação Social do Ministério das Relações Exteriores Este volume reproduz, traduzido para o português, o texto em francês da Primeira Memória do Brasil , submetida ao governo da Confederação Suíça, impressa em Paris (Imprimerie Lahure) e datada de Berna, 4 de abril de 1899. 2WH[WRVHJXHDRUWRJUD¿DDFROKLGDSHOR1RYR$FRUGR 2UWRJUi¿FRGD/tQJXD3RUWXJXHVDTXHVHWRUQDUiREULJDWyULRHP o de janeiro de 2013. MEMÓRIA APRESENTADA PELOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DO BRASIL AO GOVERNO DA CONFEDERAÇÃO SUÍÇA ÁRBITRO SEGUNDO ESTIPULADO PELO TRATADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO , CONCLUÍDO EM 10 DE ABRIL DE 1897 ENTRE O BRASIL E A FRANÇA A Memória e os Documentos submetidos pelos Estados Unidos do Brasil ao Árbitro compreendem sete volumes, sendo dois Atlas. A presente edição inclui apenas o Tomo I - Memória apresentada pelos Estados Unidos do Brasil ao Governo da Confederação Suíça, Árbitro HVFROKLGRVHJXQGRRHVWLSXODGRQR7UDWDGR¿UPDGRQR5LRGH-DQHLUR em 10 de abril de 1897, entre o Brasil e a França, com doze mapas. Dos demais Tomos (II a V) e os Atlas são incluídos apenas os sumários. $R¿QDOGHVWDHGLomRHVWmRUHODFLRQDGRVRVPDSDVGR7RPR, Sumário A vertiginosa espiral da racionalidade Gonçalo de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão, 29 6LWXDomRJHRJUi¿FDGHDOJXQVSRQWRVGRWHUULWyULRFRQWHVWDGRHQWUH o Brasil e a França e de determinados pontos da costa vizinha, 51 QUESTÃO DE FRONTEIRAS ENTRE O BRASIL E A GUIANA FRANCESA Memória ou exposição dos direitos do Brasil I Questões a solucionar e poderes do árbitro, 61 Limite marítimo, 61 Limite interior, 61 O compromisso de 1897, 61 Convenção de Viena, de 12 de maio de 1815, entre Portugal e França e Ata Final do Congresso de Viena de 9 de junho de 1815; – o príncipe regente de Portugal e do Brasil compromete-se a restituir a sua majestade cristianíssima a Guiana Francesa “até o rio Oiapoque, cuja foz está situada entre o 4º e o 5º graus de latitude setentrional, limite que Portugal VHPSUHFRQVLGHURXFRPRDTXHOH¿[DGRSHOR7UDWDGRGH8WUHFKW´HDV GXDVSDUWHVFRPSURPHWHPVHDSURFHGHU³j¿[DomRGH¿QLWLYDGRVOLPLWHV das Guianas portuguesa e francesa, conforme entendimento do artigo 8 o GR7UDWDGRGH8WUHFKW´ Convenção de Paris, de 28 de agosto de 1817, entre Portugal e França: – os reis de Portugal e do Brasil “comprometem-se a entregar a sua majestade cristianíssima a Guiana Francesa até o rio Oiapoque, cuja embocadura está situada entre o 4º e o 5º graus de latitude setentrional e até 322º E GDLOKDGH)HUURDRORQJRGRSDUDOHORGH¶GHODWLWXGHVHWHQWULRQDO´ (artigo 1 o DVGXDVSDUWHVFRPSURPHWHPVHD¿[DUGH¿QLWLYDPHQWHRV limites das Guianas francesa e portuguesa de acordo com o sentido exato do artigo 8 o do Tratado de Utrecht e ao estipulado na Ata de Viena (artigo 2 o), 63 O artigo 8 o do Tratado de Utrecht foi a única das determinações anteriores revalidada em 1815 e 1817, 64 Poderes do árbitro no que se refere ao limite marítimo, 64 Poderes do árbitro no que se refere ao limite interior, 66 II Determinação das linhas de fronteira reivindicadas pelas duas partes, 69 Foz do Oiapoque ou Vicente Pinzón. Assinalada por montanhas a oeste, 69 Nascente do Oiapoque ou Vicente Pinzón, 70 O Araguari ao sul do cabo do Norte, 70 Cabo do Norte: o antigo e o moderno, 70 O cabo do Norte forma o limite ocidental da foz do Amazonas. Segundo La Condamine. Segundo as Instruções Náuticas Francesas. Instrução Náutica Inglesa. Émile Levasseur, 71 2$UDJXDULpXPDÀXHQWHGR$PD]RQDV &RQÀXrQFLDGR$UDJXDULQR$PD]RQDV Alto Araguari. Expedições de 1798, 1891 e 1896. Nascente do Araguari, 75 3ULQFLSDLVDÀXHQWHVGRDOWR$UDJXDUL20DSDUL A nascente principal do braço principal do Araguari é o ponto de partida da linha interior reivindicada pela França, 77 Essa linha não pode, portanto, atingir o rio Branco. É interrompida pela fronteira holandesa a 58º de longitude oeste de Paris ou pelo território da nascente do rio Essequibo, que a França não disputa com a Inglaterra, 78 Nascente do Essequibo de acordo com os ingleses, 78 As duas linhas de fronteira terrestres reivindicadas pela França no vale do rio Branco, de acordo com mapas ingleses e Coudreau, 78 III Territórios contestados, 81 Território marítimo. Superfície, 81 Territórios interiores. Superfície, 81 Superfície total dos territórios contestados, 82 Rios entre o Oiapoque e o Araguari, 85 Quase todas as denominações geográficas atuais dessa região são FRQKHFLGDVGHVGHR¿QDOGRVpFXOR;9, , 83 Mapa da Guiana por Gabriel Tatton, 1608, 84 Suposto braço setentrional do Araguari, 84 $ÀXHQWHVGREDL[R$UDJXDUL6HXDQWLJRDÀXHQWH$PDQDt0DLDFDUpRX Batabuto, 84 Região dos Lagos. Antiga comunicação por canais interiores e lagos entre o Oiapoque e o Araguari, 86 O Carapapóris, o Amapá e o Maiacaré, 86 O Calçoene, o Cunani e o Cassiporé. O cabo Orange e o Oiapoque, 87 Antigos nomes do cabo Orange. O cabo é assinalado por morros a oeste, 87 População dos territórios contestados,88 Ocupação militar do território entre o Oiapoque e o Amapá Pequeno pela )UDQoDHPDSHVDUGD$WD¿QDOGH9LHQDHGD&RQYHQomRGH Evacuação desse território pelos franceses em 1840, 89 Acordo de 1841 para a neutralização do território entre o Oiapoque e R$PDSi3HTXHQR3DUWHPHULGLRQDOGR³&RQWHVWDGR´PDUtWLPRQmR neutralizada, 90 3DUWHVHWHQWULRQDOGR³&RQWHVWDGR´PDUtWLPR IV Descoberta em 1500 do litoral norte do Brasil e da Guiana por Vicente Pinzón, 93 Pinzón não deu seu nome a nenhum rio, 94 O mar Doce de Pinzón era o Amazonas. O território da margem esquerda do mar Doce era denominado Paricura,
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