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Tuwongella Immobilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a Novel Non-Motile Bacterium Within the Phylum Planctomycetes

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Tuwongella Immobilis Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov., a Novel Non-Motile Bacterium Within the Phylum Planctomycetes TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION Seeger et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:4923–4929 DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.002271 Tuwongella immobilis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel non-motile bacterium within the phylum Planctomycetes Christian Seeger,1 Margaret K. Butler,2 Benjamin Yee,1 Mayank Mahajan,1 John A. Fuerst3 and Siv G. E. Andersson1,* Abstract A gram-negative, budding, catalase negative, oxidase positive and non-motile bacterium (MBLW1T) with a complex endomembrane system has been isolated from a freshwater lake in southeast Queensland, Australia. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis places the strain within the family Planctomycetaceae, related to Zavarzinella formosa (93.3 %), Telmatocola sphagniphila (93.3 %) and Gemmata obscuriglobus (91.9 %). Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis demonstrates considerable differences to the type strains of the related genera. MBLW1T displays modest salt tolerance and grows optimally at pH values of 7.5–8.0 and at temperatures of 32–36 C. Transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrates the presence of a complex endomembrane system, however, without the typically condensed nucleoid structure found in related genera. The major fatty acids are 16 : 1 !5c, 16 : 0 and 18 : 0. Based on discriminatory results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, phenotypic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic analysis, MBLW1T should be considered as a new genus and species, for which the name Tuwongella immobilis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MBLW1T (=CCUG 69661T=DSM 105045T). The family Planctomycetaceae belongs to the phylum Planc- filtration through a 0.45 µm membrane filter, with the con- tomycetes within the domain Bacteria, members of which centrated particulate material on the filter being resus- possess distinctive properties such as a complex endomem- pended in approximately 3 ml of sterile lake water filtrate. brane system, budding reproduction and the ability to per- Lake Water (LW) agar plates (15 g agar autoclaved in À form endocytosis-like protein uptake [1, 2]. The family 250 ml distilled water, upon cooling 25 µg ml 1 filter-steri- Planctomycetaceae is formed by the described genera Blasto- lised ampicillin added and the volume made up to 1 l with pirellula, Gemmata, Gimesia, Pirellula, Planctomicrobium, the sterile filtrate that resulted above) were spread with Planctopirus, Rhodopirellula, Rubinisphaera, Schlesneria, 100 µl of the water concentrate. Plates were then incubated Telmatocola, Thermogutta and Zavarzinella [3–11]. Previ- in the light at room temperature in a CO2-enriched atmo- ously included in the family were the genera of Isosphaera, sphere generated in an anaerobic jar containing an Alka- Singulisphaera, Aquisphaera and Paludisphaera, but these seltzer dissolved in a beaker of water [13]. After 38 days, col- genera have recently been re-classified under the family Iso- onies were subcultured to purity and maintained on M1 sphaeraceae [12]. Here, we describe an isolate from a fresh- agar [14], in the dark, at 28 C, aerobically. During the fol- water lake that is closely related to members of the genera lowing cultivation on LW agar plates, the incubation time Gemmata, Telmatocola and Zavarzinella but has a number decreased to approximately 5 days at 28 C. MBLW1T was of distinctive molecular and phenotypic features that distin- subsequently cultivated aerobically in the dark on M1 agar guish it from the respective type strains G. obscuriglobus, T. plates at 28 C. Colonies of MBLW1T were smooth, with an sphagniphila and Z. formosa. entire edge, translucent pink in colour, up to 4 mm in diam- eter and had a large, flat zone of growth with a slightly Strain MBLW1T was isolated from water samples collected raised centre, giving them a ‘fried egg’ appearance. from the freshwater University Lake at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Samples were collected, 16S rRNA gene sequence of MBLW1T was determined by using sterile bottles, from under the water surface at a level PCR and sequencing. The phylogenetic analyses of no deeper than 30 cm. Water samples were concentrated via MBLW1T were based on alignments of 16S rRNA sequences Author affiliations: 1Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Molecular Evolution, Uppsala University, Box 596, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; 2Australian Center for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; 3School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. *Correspondence: Siv G. E. Andersson, [email protected] Keywords: Planctomycetes; freshwater bacteria; nucleoid; phylogeny; fatty acids. Abbreviations: FAME, fatty acid methyl ester; LW, lake water; TAAB, osmium tetroxide; TEM, transmission electron microscopy. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of Tuwongella immobilis has been deposited in the NCBI/EBI databases under accession number FJ811525. One supplementary table and two supplementary figures are available with the online version of this article. 002271 ã 2017 IUMS Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. IP: 130.238.171.203 4923 On: Wed, 31 Jan 2018 13:16:15 Seeger et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:4923–4929 from 25 Planctomycetes species. The 16S rRNA gene by 16S rRNA gene phylogeny (Fig. 1). The DNA T sequences were aligned using SILVA Incremental Aligner G+C content of MBLW1 was determined to be 57 mol%, [15] and the hyper-variable regions were removed from the compared to 67 mol% in G. obscuriglobus and 59 mol% in aligned sequences using the Lane mask [16]. The phylogeny both T. sphagniphila and Z. formosa. The DNA was performed in RaxML version 8.0.26 using the maxi- G+C content information for strain MBLW1T was calcu- mum likelihood method with 50 bootstraps and the lated from the genome sequence (Mahajan, Yee, Fuerst, GTRGAMMAI nucleotide substitution model [17]. Andersson, unpublished data). The strain MBLW1T shared 91.9 % sequence similarity with The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain MBLW1T possess all G. obscuriglobus which makes it a new sister genus to Gem- Planctomycetes signature nucleotides [18], except for the mata. Pairwise sequence similarity measures among culti- nucleotide in position 983 : 1, which is missing. The vated species showed that MBLW1T was most similar to MBLW1T 16S rRNA also possess all Gemmata group signa- both Z. formosa and T. sphagniphila, with a sequence simi- ture nucleotides [19], except at positions 668 : 738 (U : A larity of 93.5 and 93.3 % respectively. The maximum likeli- instead of the signature C : G), 680 : 710 (G : U instead of the hood phylogeny confirmed that MBLW1T clusters with G. signature C : G/U : A) and 1420 : 1480 (G : C instead of the obscuriglobus, Z. formosa and T. sphagniphila with 100 % signature A : U) (Escherichia coli numbering) [20]. Interest- bootstrap support, although their internal diversification ingly, in distinction to Z. formosa, G. obscuriglobus and all pattern could not be resolved with significant support solely other Gemmata clade sequences, the MBLW1T16S rDNA SP2T (JN880417) 0.0 0.2 90 Telmatocola sphagniphila 98 Zavarzinella formosa A10T (AM162406) 100 Tuwongella immobilis MBLW1 T ( FJ811525) Gemmata obscuriglobus UQM 2246T (X56305) Fimbriiglobus ruber SP5T (KX369544) 100 Singulisphaera acidiphila MOB10T (AM850678) Singulisphaera rosea S26T (FN391026) OJF2T (DQ986200) 100 Aquisphaera giovannonii Paludisphaera borealis PX4T (KF467528) Isosphaera pallida DSM 9630 T (AJ231195) 90 Rhodopirellula lusitana UC17 T (EF589351) 88 Rhodopirellula rubra LF2T (HQ845500) Rhodopirellula baltica SH 1T (BX294149) Rhodopirellula rosea LHWP3T (JF748734) 100 Rubripirellula obstinata LF1T (DQ986201) Roseimaritima ulvae UC8T (HQ845508) T 82 100 Blastopirellula marina IFAM 1313 (X62912) Blastopirellula cremea LHWP2T (JF748733) 98 Pirellula staleyi DSM 6068T (X81946) 100 Thermogutta hypogea SBP2T (KC867695) Thermogutta terrifontis R1T (KC867694) 94 Rubinisphaera brasiliensis DSM 5305T (AJ231190) 86 Planctomicrobium piriforme P3T (KP161655) 94 Gimesia maris DSM 8797T (AJ231184) 100 Planctopirus limnophila IFAM 1008T (X62911) Schlesneria paludicola MPL7 T (AM162407) Fig. 1. Phylogenetic placement of MBWL1T within the order of Planctomycetales. The phylogeny was inferred from a 16S rRNA gene alignment using the maximum likelihood method. Numbers on the nodes refer to bootstrap support values. Only bootstrap support val- ues higher than 75 % are shown. Nucleotide sequence accession numbers are presented next to the species names. Downloaded from www.microbiologyresearch.org by IP: 130.238.171.2034924 On: Wed, 31 Jan 2018 13:16:15 Seeger et al., Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017;67:4923–4929 sequence lacks the 10-base indel between E. coli positions feature within the Planctomycetes phylum [1], were visible 998 and 999, which is otherwise characteristic of the Gem- over the entire surface of negatively stained MBLW1T cells. mata group [21], including Z. formosa [5] and have an Fimbriae could also be observed. Motility of MBLW1T has extended helix, Helix 10, compared to other members of the not been observed, not even in very young cultures and this Gemmata group. is consistent with the lack of flagella observed in negatively stained cells (Fig. S1a, available in the online version
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