DOCSLIB.ORG

Case Study on Nepal Observations and Reflections on the Peace and Constitution-Making Process

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Case Study on Nepal Observations and Reflections on the Peace and Constitution-Making Process Case Study on Nepal Observations and Reflections on the Peace and Constitution-Making Process Bishnu Raj Upreti, Research Director, Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research (NCCR), Kathmandu/Nepal Bishnu Sapkota, Founding General Secretary and Member of Board of Directors, Nepal Transition to Peace (NTTP) Institute, Kathmandu/Nepal Imprint Acknowledgement from the authors We would like to extend our sincere appreciation to all the interviewees, without whom this study would not have been possible. The list is too long to include here but we would like to thank all of them for their valuable time, openness during the discussion/interactions, and for sharing precious information and insights with us for this study. Similarly, we owe special thanks to two of our research colleagues: Ms Sharmila Shivakoti (former Research Officer at the NCCR and final year Master's student in Gender Studies) for supporting Bishnu Raj Upreti in collecting and scanning literature, making appointments, accompanying him to many of the meetings and taking notes, transcribing them, arranging transport and formatting the report. Similar support was provided by Mr. Lokendra KC, researcher at the NTTP Institute, who assisted Bishnu Sapkota in making interviews and provided other general research support. We would also like to thank Mr. Suman Babu Paudel (Peace Researcher at NCCR) for his review and assistance in design and formatting. Last but not least, we express our sincere thanks to Dr Andrea Iff, who connected us to this study, and Ms Corinne von Burg, coordinator of this study, who was flexible and open not only to ideas but also to the time schedule. We thoroughly enjoyed working with her. Our appreciation goes to both colleagues. Acknowledgement from swisspeace This publication was produced in the framework of a two-year project (March 2015 – February 2017) to develop a Handbook on National Dialogues, funded by the German Federal Foreign Office in cooperation with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs. The purpose of the Handbook is to offer a practice-oriented guide for comprehensively designing and implementing National Dialogues. It rests on participatory methods including 1) strategic dialogue and exchange between local stakeholders, international development and peacebuilding practitioners, and policymakers; 2) a comprehensive mapping exercise of National Dialogues across the world; and 3) in-depth case studies on National Dialogues produced by local researchers. The project is implemented by the Berghof Foundation in cooperation with swisspeace. This publication is one of six case studies - others include Guatemala, Libya, Mali, Sudan, and Tunisia - that inform the Handbook’s findings. The overall aim of the project is to improve National Dialogues and enhance the capacities and contributions of conflict parties, local stakeholders and external actors towards their successful implementation. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Berghof Foundation and swisspeace or their project partners. For further information, please contact the head of the Mediation Program, Dr David Lanz, at [email protected], or the project coordinator Corinne von Burg, at [email protected]. Ordering information swisspeace, Sonnenbergstrasse 17 PO Box, 3001 Bern, Switzerland www.swisspeace.org, [email protected] © February 2017 swisspeace Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Setting the Context: Conflict Map and Conflict Actors 3 1.2 Evolution of the Peace Process 4 1.3 Relevance of the Peace Process 5 1.4 Peculiarities of the Nepalese Peace Process 5 Chapter 2 The Peace Process: Structure, Process and Outcome 6 2.1 Early Initiatives Preparing the Ground 7 2.2 Peace Talks 2001 9 2.3 Peace Talks 2002/2003 11 2.4 Royal takeover, Seven-Party-Alliance (SPA) and Peace Negotiations 14 2.5 The Decisive Fourth Negotiation Process 16 2.6 Constituent Assemblies 21 2.7 Dialogues Related to the Madhes-Terai Protests (2007 and 2015-2016) 25 2.8 NTTP: A Mechanism of Non-formal Dialogue Processes 26 Chapter 3 External support for the Peace Process in Nepal 33 3.1 Major External Actors Supporting the Peace Process 34 3.2 Support Provisions 44 3.3 External Contributions to the Peace Process 45 3.4 Public Perception of International Support for the Peace Process 46 3.5 Lessons from the External Engagement 48 3.6 Future Need of External Support 50 Chapter 4 Recommendations and Concluding Remarks 52 4.1 Recommendations 52 4.2 Concluding Remarks 53 Chapter 5 References, Annexes and Interview Sources 55 5.1 References 55 5.2 Annexes 59 5.2.1 Annex 1: Forty-point Demands of the Maoists 59 5.2.2 Annex 2: 2003 Ceasefire Codes of Conduct 62 5.2.3 Annex 3: 2003 Negotiation Agenda 63 5.2.4 Annex 4: The Maoist Agenda for the Negotiation 64 5.2.5 Annex 5: Twelve-Point Understanding Concluded Between the Seven-Party Alliance and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) 67 5.2.6 Annex 6: Proclamation to the Nation by His Majesty King Gyanendra on 24 April 2006 69 5.2.7 Annex 7: Basic Operating Guidelines (BOGs) of Major Donors 70 5.3 Sources of Information from the Individual Respondents 71 List of Figures Figure 1: Major Processes Covered in the Study (Designed by the Authors) 1 Figure 2: Visible Key Actors of Nepal's Peace Process (Designed by the Authors) 2 List of Tables Table 1: Main Causes of the Armed Conflict of Nepal 4 Chapter 1 Introduction Nepal ushered in a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy in 1990 after a People’s Movement overthrew the thirty-year autocratic party-less Panchayat system controlled by an absolute monarchy. Within six years, the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), hereinafter referred to as Maoists, launched a ‘People’s War’ in February 1996, with the aim of uprooting the monarchy, displacing the ‘bourgeoisie’ parliamentary democracy, and establishing a communist ‘people’s republic’. The armed insurgency killed approximately 15,000 people from the rebel, state and civilian sides, destabilized democracy, and caused destruction to property worth tens of million dollars. When the conflict was at a stalemate, with loss of life and property continuing, various actors showed a willingness to resolve the crisis through dialogue and negotiation. This was the background for the peace process. A consensual approach, wider legitimacy, local ownership, an inclusive process and a role for specific groups (e.g. youth, women) are often referred to as defining features of a National Dialogue by the international community. In Nepal, however, they were all subject to different interpretations and therefore not all of these elements were explicitly present in the Nepali process. Although there were many key elements of National Dialogue present in Nepal's process, no explicit, official term 'National Dialogue' was used in the case of Nepal. Instead, terms such as peace talks, peace negotiations, high level talks, and dialogues were used, often in an inter-changeable way. As there was no single format of National Dialogue practiced in Nepal, it emerged more from the efforts and combination of different actors, factors, tools and techniques to end the armed conflict and to achieve peace, economic prosperity and political stability. There was a wide range of actors engaged in different activities and processes, ranging from development assistance and humanitarian support to human rights protection, roundtables and national conferences for the purpose of promoting dialogue for restoring peace. These processes and activities were either self-organized or assisted by others. In this study, we have documented and analyzed the efforts of different actors in the given context to create a favorable environment, to facilitate peace talks and reach negotiation between the conflicting parties, and finally to achieve the aim of securing a durable peace and political stability in Nepal. Major Processes Covered in the Study Constituent Terai-Madhes Assemblies Agitations Informal Dialogue Major Peace Talks (First: 2008-2012) (2007-2008) Nepal Transition to (2000, 2001, & Peace (NTTP) 2003, 2006) & (Second: Others (2015-2016) 2013-2016) Figure 1: Major Processes Covered in the Study (Designed by the Authors) 1 Maoists (Insurgents) Visible Key State Security Actors of Civil Society Forces and Nepal's Peace Administration Negotiation International Community Figure 2: Visible Key Actors of Nepal's Peace Process (Designed by the Authors) The objective of this study is to provide a systematic reflection on the background and relevance of the process and its key challenges, and to generate lessons and best practices from Nepal's dialogue and peace process that will provide empirical evidence for the development of the ‘National Dialogue Handbook - A Guide for Practitioners’ and will constitute a part of the case study section in the Handbook. In terms of methodology, this study has been developed using a combination of methods such as extensive consultation with the key actors engaged in Nepal's dialogue processes: one-to-one meetings, workshops; in-depth interviews with the facilitators, negotiators, political leaders; external actors, network organizations, researchers and analysts; review of the published and unpublished materials related to the assessment of Nepal's peace process, and reflections by the two authors of the study, who are actively engaged in contributing to the Nepal peace process through research, analysis and creating a favorable environment. One of the authors was the manager of the rounds of dialogue facilitated by the Nepal Transition to Peace (NTTP) Initiative for several years. The main findings were shared with the key actors engaged in the facilitation and negotiation of the process as part of the triangulation process. Comments on the draft paper were obtained from swisspeace, and were addressed in the revised version. Comments and feedback obtained from Nepali experts were also incorporated. Finally, after the incorporation of relevant comments, input, feedback and suggestions, the study was finalized.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nepal's Election: a Peaceful Revolution?
    NEPAL’S ELECTION: A PEACEFUL REVOLUTION? Asia Report N°155 – 3 July 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. THE CAMPAIGN ............................................................................................................. 2 A. THE MAOIST MACHINE................................................................................................................2 B. THE STUTTERING CHALLENGE.....................................................................................................3 C. THE MADHESIS PARTIES: MOTIVATION AMID MUTUAL SUSPICION .............................................4 D. THE LEGACY OF CONFLICT ..........................................................................................................5 III. THE VOTE ........................................................................................................................6 A. THE TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................6 B. THE VOTE ITSELF ........................................................................................................................7 C. DID VOTERS KNOW WHAT THEY WERE DOING?.........................................................................8 D. REPOLLING ..................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Name of Teacher & Present Place
    Directorate of Elementary Education Himachal Pradesh. No:EDN-H (2) B (2)-34/2014-Regularisation(contract) Dated: Shimla-171001, the 22nd June 2015. OFFICE ORDER In pursuance and compliance to the approval conveyed by the Government vide letter No:PER(AP)C-B(2)-2/2015 dated 07.05.2015 and based on the verification by the Principals/Headmasters as well as from the Dy. Directors of Elementary Education concerned and recommendations of the screening Committee constituted at the Directorate level, the following Trained Graduate Teachers who were appointed in the stream of Arts, Non-Medical and Medical purely on contract basis and posted in GMS/GHS and GSSS in H.P. against sanctioned vacant posts as per R&P Rules for the post at their initial recruitment on contract basis and who have completed five years services as on 31.3.2015, are hereby regularized as TGTs in the pay band of Rs.10300-34800/ plus grade pay 3600/- with initial star0t Rs. 10830+3600/- plus other allowances as admissible from time to time with immediate effect:- Sr. Name of Teacher & Distt. Subject D.O.B Date of Category No. present place of posting Joining on contract 1 Sonu Kumari, GSSS Bandla Bilaspur Medical 28.03.80 25.06.09 SC 2 Desh Raj, GMS Parnali u/c Bilaspur N.M. 24.10.73 10.06.09 Gen. GSSS Bandla 3 Reena Bharti, GHS Sihra Bilaspur Medical 28.09.74 03.12.08 SC 4 Manjeet Singh, GSSS Nalti Bilaspur Arts 27.07.73 20.11.08 SC 5 Sanjeev Kumar, GHS Sihra Bilaspur Arts 14.12.75 04.03.09 Gen.
    [Show full text]
  • Underdevelopment and Regional Structure of Nepal -AM
    Book Review Underdevelopment and Regional Structure of Nepal -AM [This is a commentary on the book The Nature of Underdevelopment and Regional Structure of Nepal: A Marxist Analysis written by Baburam Bhattarai and published by Adroit Publishers,Delhi, in the well-known magazine Economic and Political Weekly, November 8-14, 2003, by AM as "Calcutta Diary". We may not necessarily agree with the views of the author.- Ed.] The Viswa Hindu Parishad cannot understand it. Nepal is the only Hindu Kingdom in the world; substantial sections of the people there are of north Indian ethnicity and bear names of Hindu gods and goddesses; the ruling family has long-time links with India and marries into the Rana clan dispersed along the higher and lower reaches of the Indo-Gangetic valley. And yet, Nepal is hardly benevolent land for Hindu chauvinism. Maoist communists, who are engaged in a relentless guerrilla war against the country's regime for the past seven years, control most of the countryside. Even in the national parliament, the second largest party happens to be the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist- Leninist). So, irrespective of whether one applies the criterion of parliamentary or extra-parliamentary influence, Marxists, and not revanchists of the Togadia-Singhal brand, reflect the overwhelming vox populi in Nepal. This clinches several points. Not rapid religious sentiments, but hard economic realities, mould the psyche of a nation. If the chemistry is different in Aryavarta, that is because of an unnatural hiatus between people existing under today's canopy and their consciousness lagging millennia behind.
    [Show full text]
  • 139 4 - 10 April 2003 16 Pages Rs 25
    www.nepalitimes.com #139 4 - 10 April 2003 16 pages Rs 25 Maoists, police and soldiers are rushing home MIN BAJRACHARYA ‘‘‘ to meet families while the Peace bridge peace lasts. in KALIKOT MANJUSHREE○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ THAPA athletes have joined a regional few weeks into the ceasefire, volleyball competition. A driver who and Dailekh bazar is trans- weekly plies the Nepalganj-Dailekh ’’’ Out in the open A formed. “Nobody dared to road says hundreds of people who had The Maoist negotiating team hasn’t had a move about like this before,” marvels a fled during the state of emergency are moment to spare as it made its high-profile young man, eyeing the bustle. “The returning. “The Maoists, the police comeback in Kathmandu this week. Maoists didn’t dare come here, and the and the army are rushing back to meet Baburam Bhattarai and Ram Bahadur their families while the peace lasts.” Thapa have been giving back-to-back security forces wouldn’t go to the interviews to media, meeting political villages alone. Now they’re all talking Further afield in Dullu, the scene is leaders and diplomats and reiterating their to one another.” even more festive. Many village men three-point demand for a roundtable A few Maoists are openly attending are stoned on the occasion of Holi, in conference, constituent assembly and an passing-out ceremonies in local schools. flagrant defiance of Maoist puritanism. interim government. A rally in Tundikhel In nearby Chupra village, Maoist “We welcome the talks,” says Maoist on Thursday, two months after the ceasefire agreement, was attended by about 15- area secretary, ‘Rebel’, talking to us at a 20,000 supporters, mainly from outside the hotel close to where a man, high on Valley.
    [Show full text]
  • The Document Was Created from a File "F:\Countries\Nepal\2017\Report
    ELECTION OBSERVATION DELEGATION TO THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES AND PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES ELECTIONS IN NEPAL (26 November and 7 December 2017) Report by Neena Gill CBE, Head of the EP Delegation Annexes: A. List of participants and programme of the delegation B. European Parliament Election Observation Delegation Statement C. EU Election Observation Mission Preliminary findings and conclusions D. Press release by the EU EOM Introduction: Following an invitation from the Nepal authorities, the Conference of Presidents on 5 October 2017 authorised the sending of a delegation to observe the elections to the House of Representatives and provincial assemblies in Nepal. These elections were taking place in two phases on 26 November in the constituencies in the more mountainous districts and on 7 December in the remaining 45 constituencies. The European Parliament has always been a strong supporter of the process of democratic consolidation in Nepal following the civil war in the country in the early 2000s. It observed the elections in 2008 and 2013 and the sending of a further delegation was a sign of its ongoing commitment. EU financial assistance to Nepal has strengthened under the multiannual indicative programme for 2014-2020 which included support for democracy and good governance. Development aid amounts to €360 million, which is triple the amount for the previous budget period. At the constituent meeting on 19 October 2017 Ms Neena GILL CBE (S&D, UK) was elected head of the delegation that would observe both phases. For the first phase the delegation was also composed of Ivan STEFANEC (EPP, SK), Tomas ZDECHOVSKY (EPP, CZ), Norbert NEUSER (S&D, DE), Bernd LUCKE (ECR, DE), Javier NART (ALDE, ES), and Georg MAYER (ENF, AT).
    [Show full text]
  • Reacting to Donald Trump's Challenge
    centro studi per i popoli extra-europei “cesare bonacossa” - università di pavia The Journal of the Italian think tank on Asia founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989 Vol. XXIX / 2018 Reacting to Donald Trump’s Challenge Edited by Michelguglielmo Torri Nicola Mocci viella centro studi per i popoli extra-europei “cesare bonacossa” - università di pavia ASIA MAIOR The Journal of the Italian think tank on Asia founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989 Vol. XXIX / 2018 Reacting to Donald Trump’s Challenge Edited by Michelguglielmo Torri and Nicola Mocci viella Asia Maior. The Journal of the Italian Think Tank on Asia founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989. Copyright © 2019 - Viella s.r.l. & Associazione Asia Maior ISBN 978-88-3313-241-9 (Paper) ISBN 978-88-3313-242-6 (Online) ISSN 2385-2526 (Paper) ISSN 2612-6680 (Online) Annual journal - Vol. XXIX, 2018 This journal is published jointly by the think tank Asia Maior (Associazione Asia Maior) & CSPE - Centro Studi per i Popoli extra-europei «Cesare Bonacossa», University of Pavia Asia Maior. The Journal of the Italian Think Tank on Asia founded by Giorgio Borsa in 1989 is an open-access journal, whose issues and single articles can be freely downloaded from the think tank webpage: www.asiamaior.org. Paper version Italy € 50.00 Abroad € 65.00 Subscription [email protected] www.viella.it Editorial board Editor-in-chief (direttore responsabile): Michelguglielmo Torri, University of Turin. Co-editor: Nicola Mocci, University of Sassari. associate editors: Axel Berkofsky, University of Pavia; Diego Maiorano, National University of Singapore, ISAS - Institute of South Asian Studies; Nicola Mocci, University of Sassari; Giulio Pugliese, King’s College London; Michelguglielmo Torri, University of Turin; Elena Valdameri, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETh Zurich; Pierluigi Valsecchi, University of Pavia.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Violence Against Children in South Asia © Unicef Rosa 2018
    STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA © UNICEF ROSA 2018 Cover Photo: Bangladesh, Jamalpur: Children and other community members watching an anti-child marriage drama performed by members of an Adolescent Club. © UNICEF/South Asia 2016/Bronstein The material in this report has been commissioned by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) regional office in South Asia. UNICEF accepts no responsibility for errors. The designations in this work do not imply an opinion on the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitation of frontiers. Permission to copy, disseminate or otherwise use information from this publication is granted so long as appropriate acknowledgement is given. The suggested citation is: United Nations Children’s Fund, Structural Violence against Children in South Asia, UNICEF, Kathmandu, 2018. STRUCTURAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN SOUTH ASIA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS UNICEF would like to acknowledge Parveen from the University of Sheffield, Drs. Taveeshi Gupta with Fiona Samuels Ramya Subrahmanian of Know Violence in for their work in developing this report. The Childhood, and Enakshi Ganguly Thukral report was prepared under the guidance of of HAQ (Centre for Child Rights India). Kendra Gregson with Sheeba Harma of the From UNICEF, staff members representing United Nations Children's Fund Regional the fields of child protection, gender Office in South Asia. and research, provided important inputs informed by specific South Asia country This report benefited from the contribution contexts, programming and current violence of a distinguished reference group: research. In particular, from UNICEF we Susan Bissell of the Global Partnership would like to thank: Ann Rosemary Arnott, to End Violence against Children, Ingrid Roshni Basu, Ramiz Behbudov, Sarah Fitzgerald of United Nations Population Coleman, Shreyasi Jha, Aniruddha Kulkarni, Fund Asia and the Pacific region, Shireen Mary Catherine Maternowska and Eri Jejeebhoy of the Population Council, Ali Mathers Suzuki.
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal's Future: in Whose Hands?
    NEPAL’S FUTURE: IN WHOSE HANDS? Asia Report N°173 – 13 August 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION: THE FRAYING PROCESS ........................................................... 1 II. THE COLLAPSE OF CONSENSUS............................................................................... 2 A. RIDING FOR A FALL......................................................................................................................3 B. OUTFLANKED AND OUTGUNNED..................................................................................................4 C. CONSTITUTIONAL COUP DE GRACE..............................................................................................5 D. ADIEU OR AU REVOIR?................................................................................................................6 III. THE QUESTION OF MAOIST INTENT ...................................................................... 7 A. MAOIST RULE: MORE RAGGED THAN RUTHLESS .........................................................................7 B. THE VIDEO NASTY.......................................................................................................................9 C. THE BEGINNING OF THE END OR THE END OF THE BEGINNING?..................................................11 IV. THE ARMY’S GROWING POLITICAL ROLE ........................................................ 13 A. WAR BY OTHER MEANS.............................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Council of the European Union
    ISSN 1680-9742 QC-AA-05-001-EN-C EN EN COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION GENERAL SECRETARIAT European Union - Union European EU Annual Report This, the seventh EU Annual Report on Human Rights, records the actions and policies undertaken by the EU between 1 July 2004 and 30 on Human Rights June 2005 in pursuit of its goals to promote universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. While not an exhaustive account, it Rights-2005 onHuman Annual Report highlights human rights issues that have given cause for concern and what the EU has done to address these, both within the Union and outside it. 2005 EU Annual Report on Human Rights 2005 EU Annual Report on Human Rights, adopted by the Council on 3 October 2005. For further information, please contact the Press, Communication and Protocol Division at the following address: General Secretariat of the Council Rue de la Loi 175 B-1048 Brussels Fax: +32 (0)2 235 49 77 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://ue.eu.int Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this edition. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2005 ISBN 92-824-3179-7 ISSN 1680-9742 © European Communities, 2005 Reproduction is authorised, except for commercial purposes , provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface................................................................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................................7 2. Developments within the EU ...................................................................................................................8 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Report February 2004
    Country Report February 2004 Nepal February 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent St, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 50 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The Economist Intelligence Unit delivers its information in four ways: through its digital portfolio, where the latest analysis is updated daily; through printed subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through research reports; and by organising seminars and presentations. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent St The Economist Building 60/F, Central Plaza London 111 West 57th Street 18 Harbour Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, US Hong Kong Tel: (44.20) 7830 1007 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2585 3888 Fax: (44.20) 7830 1023 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eiu.com Electronic delivery This publication can be viewed by subscribing online at www.store.eiu.com Reports are also available in various other electronic formats, such as CD-ROM, Lotus Notes, online databases and as direct feeds to corporate intranets. For further information, please contact your nearest Economist Intelligence Unit office Copyright © 2004 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Jana Andolan II in Nepal
    Occasional Paper: Peace Building Series No.1 FutureGenerations Applied Community Graduate School Change and Conservation PeoPle’s ParticiPation in conflict transformation: a case study of Jana andolan II in nePal Bandita Sijapati Social Science Baha February 2009 Occasional Papers of the Future Generations Graduate School explore community-based approaches to social development, health, nature conservation, peace building, and governance. Faculty, alumni, and partner organizations present their field studies and applied research. www.future.edu People’s Participation in Conflict Transformation: A Case Study of Jana Andolan II in Nepal Rise from every village, rise from every settlement To change the face of this country, rise Those who have a pen in hand, bring your pen and rise Those who can play an instrument, bring your instrument and rise Those who have a tool in hand, bring your tool and rise Those who have nothing at all, bring your voice and rise.1 I. INTRODUCTION In April 2006, there was a country-wide people’s movement in Nepal, popularly known as the Jana Andolan II,2 against King Gyanendra’s direct rule3 following a 12-point understanding reached between the Seven Party Alliance4 and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), which was leading a communist insurgency against the state. The 19-day-long Jana Andolan II5 (People’s Movement II) ended direct rule by Gyanendra, forced him to return power to the reinstated parliament, and created a conducive environment for the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between the government and the rebel Maoists in November 2006. The success of Jana Andolan II in thus ending the decade-long conflict that had affected all parts of the country has thus been hailed by many as being exemplary of the ways in which engaged citizenry and communities at the local level can have an impact on the resolution and transformation of violent conflict at the national level.
    [Show full text]
  • Federalism Is Debated in Nepal More As an ‘Ism’ Than a System
    The FEDERALISM Debate in Nepal Post Peace Agreement Constitution Making in Nepal Volume II Post Peace Agreement Constitution Making in Nepal Volume II The FEDERALISM Debate in Nepal Edited by Budhi Karki Rohan Edrisinha Published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal (SPCBN) 2014 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Support to Participatory Constitution Building in Nepal (SPCBN) UNDP is the UN’s global development network, advocating for change and connecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better life. United Nations Development Programme UN House, Pulchowk, GPO Box: 107 Kathmandu, Nepal Phone: +977 1 5523200 Fax: +977 1 5523991, 5523986 ISBN : 978 9937 8942 1 0 © UNDP, Nepal 2014 Book Cover: The painting on the cover page art is taken from ‘A Federal Life’, a joint publication of UNDP/ SPCBN and Kathmandu University, School of Art. The publication was the culmination of an initiative in which 22 artists came together for a workshop on the concept of and debate on federalism in Nepal and then were invited to depict their perspective on the subject through art. The painting on the cover art titled ‘’Emblem” is created by Supriya Manandhar. DISCLAIMER: The views expressed in the book are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP/ SPCBN. PREFACE A new Constitution for a new Nepal drafted and adopted by an elected and inclusive Constituent Assembly (CA) is a key element of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) of November 2006 that ended a decade long Maoist insurgency.
    [Show full text]