Little Bluestem Schizachyrium Scoparium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

little bluestem Schizachyrium scoparium Kingdom: Plantae FEATURES Division: Magnoliophyta Little bluestem is a perennial, mid-height grass that Class: Liliopsida grows in a clump. Its leaves are arranged alternately Order: Cyperales along the stem. Each leaf is simple, entire and linear. The leaf is folded. At the place where the leaf blade Family: Poaceae joins the stem a narrow, white line is present. Flower ILLINOIS STATUS parts are in threes. The flowers are borne along numerous thin stalks that may be four inches long. common, native Flower spikelets develop in pairs, some sessile and fertile, others stalked and sterile. Up to 200 flowers stalks may be present in a bunch. The fruit is a grain. Little bluestem may attain a height of three feet. BEHAVIORS Little bluestem may be found throughout Illinois. It grows in dry to moist prairies, ﬁelds and open woodlands. Flowers are produced from August through October. This plant grows from May until frost. Little bluestem is an important food source for grazing animals of the prairie. Its leaves, stems and fruit all provide food for wildlife. Its root system may grow as far as four and one-half feet underground. The grains are dispersed by wind. plants ILLINOIS RANGE seeds © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. plants in fall Aquatic Habitats none Woodland Habitats none Prairie and Edge Habitats black soil prairie; dolomite prairie; edge; gravel prairie; hill prairie; sand prairie; shrub prairie © Illinois Department of Natural Resources. 2020. Biodiversity of Illinois. Unless otherwise noted, photos and images © Illinois Department of Natural Resources..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Grass Genera in Townsville
Grass Genera in Townsville Nanette B. Hooker Photographs by Chris Gardiner SCHOOL OF MARINE and TROPICAL BIOLOGY JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY TOWNSVILLE QUEENSLAND James Cook University 2012 GRASSES OF THE TOWNSVILLE AREA Welcome to the grasses of the Townsville area. The genera covered in this treatment are those found in the lowland areas around Townsville as far north as Bluewater, south to Alligator Creek and west to the base of Hervey’s Range. Most of these genera will also be found in neighbouring areas although some genera not included may occur in specific habitats. The aim of this book is to provide a description of the grass genera as well as a list of species. The grasses belong to a very widespread and large family called the Poaceae. The original family name Gramineae is used in some publications, in Australia the preferred family name is Poaceae. It is one of the largest flowering plant families of the world, comprising more than 700 genera, and more than 10,000 species. In Australia there are over 1300 species including non-native grasses. In the Townsville area there are more than 220 grass species. The grasses have highly modified flowers arranged in a variety of ways. Because they are highly modified and specialized, there are also many new terms used to describe the various features. Hence there is a lot of terminology that chiefly applies to grasses, but some terms are used also in the sedge family. The basic unit of the grass inflorescence (The flowering part) is the spikelet. The spikelet consists of 1-2 basal glumes (bracts at the base) that subtend 1-many florets or flowers.
[Show full text]
Central Mixedgrass Prairie Ecological System (Central Shortgrass Prairie Ecoregion Version)
CENTRAL MIXEDGRASS PRAIRIE ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM (CENTRAL SHORTGRASS PRAIRIE ECOREGION VERSION) ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT Draft of June 29, 2007 Prepared by: Karin Decker Colorado Natural Heritage Program Colorado State University 254 General Services Building Fort Collins, CO 80523 Table of Contents A. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 3 A.1 Classification Summary ........................................................................................... 3 A.2 Ecological System Description ................................................................................ 5 A.2.1 Environment....................................................................................................... 5 A.2.2 Vegetation & Ecosystem.................................................................................... 6 A.2.3 Dynamics ........................................................................................................... 8 A.2.4 Landscape......................................................................................................... 10 A.2.5 Size................................................................................................................... 11 A.3 Ecological Integrity................................................................................................ 12 A.3.1 Threats.............................................................................................................. 12 A.3.2 Justification of Metrics....................................................................................
[Show full text]
Recognise the Important Grasses
Recognise the important grasses Desirable perennial grasses Black speargrass Heteropogon contortus - Birdwood buffel Cenchrus setiger Buffel grass Cenchrus ciliaris Cloncury buffel Cenchrus pennisetijormis Desert bluegrass Bothriochloa ewartiana - Forest bluegrass Bothriochloa bladhii - Giant speargrass Heteropogon triticeus - Gulf or curly bluegrass Dichanthiumjecundum - Indian couch Bothriochloa pertusa + Kangaroo grass Themeda triandra - Mitchell grass, barley Astrebla pectinata Mitchell grass, bull Astrebla squarrosa Mitchell grass, hoop Astrebla elymoides Plume sorghum Sorghum plumosum + Sabi grass Urochloa mosambicensis - Silky browntop Eulalia aurea (E. julva) - +" Wild rice Oryza australiensis Intermediate value grasses (perennials and annuals) Barbwire grass Cymbopogon rejractus Bottle washer or limestone grass Enneapogon polyphyllus + Early spring grass Eriochloa procera + Fire grass Schizachyrium spp. Flinders grass Iseilema spp. + Ribbon grass Chrysopogon jallax Liverseed Urochloa panico ides + Love grasses Eragrostis species + Pitted bluegrass Bothriochloa decipiens Annual sorghum Sorghum timorense Red natal grass Melinis repens (Rhynchelytrum) + Rice grass Xerochloa imburbis Salt water couch Sporobolus virginicus Spinifex, soft Triodia pungens Spinifex, curly Triodia bitextusa (Plectrachne pungens) Spiny mud grass Pseudoraphis spinescens White grass Sehima nervosum Wanderrie grass Eriachne spp. Native millet Panicum decompositum + Annual and less desirable grasses Asbestos grass Pennisetum basedowii Button grass Dacty loctenium
[Show full text]
Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montana's Glaciated
Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains Final Report Prepared for: Bureau of Land Management Prepared by: Stephen V. Cooper, Catherine Jean and Paul Hendricks December, 2001 Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains Final Report 2001 Montana Natural Heritage Program Montana State Library P.O. Box 201800 Helena, Montana 59620-1800 (406) 444-3009 BLM Agreement number 1422E930A960015 Task Order # 25 This document should be cited as: Cooper, S. V., C. Jean and P. Hendricks. 2001. Biological Survey of a Prairie Landscape in Montanas Glaciated Plains. Report to the Bureau of Land Management. Montana Natural Heritage Pro- gram, Helena. 24 pp. plus appendices. Executive Summary Throughout much of the Great Plains, grasslands limited number of Black-tailed Prairie Dog have been converted to agricultural production colonies that provide breeding sites for Burrow- and as a result, tall-grass prairie has been ing Owls. Swift Fox now reoccupies some reduced to mere fragments. While more intact, portions of the landscape following releases the loss of mid - and short- grass prairie has lead during the last decade in Canada. Great Plains to a significant reduction of prairie habitat Toad and Northern Leopard Frog, in decline important for grassland obligate species. During elsewhere, still occupy some wetlands and the last few decades, grassland nesting birds permanent streams. Additional surveys will have shown consistently steeper population likely reveal the presence of other vertebrate declines over a wider geographic area than any species, especially amphibians, reptiles, and other group of North American bird species small mammals, of conservation concern in (Knopf 1994), and this alarming trend has been Montana.
[Show full text]
Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for a Little Bluestem Collection
J. AMER.SOC.HORT.SCI. 140(1):78–87. 2015. Development and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for a Little Bluestem Collection Karen Harris-Shultz1 USDA-ARS, Crop Genetics and Breeding Research Unit, 115 Coastal Way, Tifton, GA 31793 Melanie Harrison USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Resources and Conservation Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223 Phillip A. Wadl and Robert N. Trigiano University of Tennessee, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 2431 Joe Johnson Drive, 205 Ellington Plant Science Building, Knoxville, TN 37996 Timothy Rinehart USDA-ARS, Southern Horticultural Laboratory, 810 Highway 26 West, Poplarville, MS 39470 ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. Schizachyrium scoparium, ornamental grass, SSR marker, population structure, ploidy ABSTRACT. Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) is a perennial bunchgrass that is native to North American prairies and woodlands from southern Canada to northern Mexico. Originally used as a forage grass, little bluestem is now listed as a major U.S. native, ornamental grass. With the widespread planting of only a few cultivars, we aimed to assess the ploidy level and genetic diversity among some popular cultivars and accessions in the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Plant Germplasm System collection. Ten microsatellite markers, with successful amplification, were developed by using sequences available in Genbank and additional simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were generated by using ion torrent sequencing of a genomic library created from the cultivar The Blues. A total of 2812 primer sets was designed from high-throughput sequencing, 100 primer pairs were selected, and 82 of these primers successfully amplified DNA from the Schizachyrium accessions. Only 35 primer pairs, generating 102 scored fragments, were polymorphic among S.
[Show full text]
Rare Plants of Louisiana
Rare Plants of Louisiana Agalinis filicaulis - purple false-foxglove Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae) Rarity Rank: S2/G3G4 Range: AL, FL, LA, MS Recognition: Photo by John Hays • Short annual, 10 to 50 cm tall, with stems finely wiry, spindly • Stems simple to few-branched • Leaves opposite, scale-like, about 1mm long, barely perceptible to the unaided eye • Flowers few in number, mostly born singly or in pairs from the highest node of a branchlet • Pedicels filiform, 5 to 10 mm long, subtending bracts minute • Calyx 2 mm long, lobes short-deltoid, with broad shallow sinuses between lobes • Corolla lavender-pink, without lines or spots within, 10 to 13 mm long, exterior glabrous • Capsule globe-like, nearly half exerted from calyx Flowering Time: September to November Light Requirement: Full sun to partial shade Wetland Indicator Status: FAC – similar likelihood of occurring in both wetlands and non-wetlands Habitat: Wet longleaf pine flatwoods savannahs and hillside seepage bogs. Threats: • Conversion of habitat to pine plantations (bedding, dense tree spacing, etc.) • Residential and commercial development • Fire exclusion, allowing invasion of habitat by woody species • Hydrologic alteration directly (e.g. ditching) and indirectly (fire suppression allowing higher tree density and more large-diameter trees) Beneficial Management Practices: • Thinning (during very dry periods), targeting off-site species such as loblolly and slash pines for removal • Prescribed burning, establishing a regime consisting of mostly growing season (May-June) burns Rare Plants of Louisiana LA River Basins: Pearl, Pontchartrain, Mermentau, Calcasieu, Sabine Side view of flower. Photo by John Hays References: Godfrey, R. K. and J. W. Wooten.
[Show full text]
Ecophysiological Responses of Herbaceous Plants to the Presence Or Absence of Amorpha Canescens in a Nebraska Sandhills Grassland
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources Natural Resources, School of 12-2011 Ecophysiological Responses of Herbaceous Plants to the Presence or Absence of Amorpha canescens in a Nebraska Sandhills Grassland Jessica L. Milby University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresdiss Part of the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Milby, Jessica L., "Ecophysiological Responses of Herbaceous Plants to the Presence or Absence of Amorpha canescens in a Nebraska Sandhills Grassland" (2011). Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources. 40. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natresdiss/40 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Natural Resources, School of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations & Theses in Natural Resources by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS TO THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF AMORPHA CANESCENS IN A NEBRASKA SANDHILLS GRASSLAND by Jessica L. Milby A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Science Major: Natural Resource Sciences Under the Supervision of Professor Tala Awada and Professor Walter Schacht Lincoln, Nebraska December, 2011 ECOPHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF HERBACEOUS PLANTS TO THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF AMORPHA CANESCENS IN A NEBRASKA SANDHILLS GRASSLAND Jessica L. Milby, M.S. University of Nebraska, 2011 Advisers: Tala Awada and Walter Schacht Deeply-rooted shrubs are a common component of grasslands. This study investigated the ecophysiological role of Amorpha canescens , a common leguminous shrub, in Sandhills grassland, and response of herbaceous plants to the presence or absence of A.
[Show full text]
Flora of North Central Texas Flora of North Central Texas
SHINNERS & MAHLER’S FLOR A OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS GEORGE M. DIGGSIGGS,, JJR.. BBARNEY L. LIPSCOMBIPSCOMB ROBERT J. O’KENNON D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF TEXAS MODIFIED FROM CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF TEXAS (HATCH ET AL. 1990). NEARLY IDENTICAL MAPS HAVE BEEN USED IN NUMEROUS WORKS ON TEXAS INCLUDING GOULD (1962) AND CORRELL AND JOHNSTON (1970). 1 PINEYWOODS 2 GULF PRAIRIES AND MARSHEs 3 POST OAK SAVANNAH 4 BLACKLAND PRAIRIES 5 CROSS TIMBERS AND PRAIRIES 6 SOUTH TEXAS PLAINS 7 EDWARDS PLATEAU 8 ROLLING PLAINS 9 HIGH PLAINS 10 TRANS-PECOS, MOUNTAINS AND BASINS D VEGETATIONAL AREAS OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D SHINNERS & MAHLER’S ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS Shinners & Mahler’s ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) BASS FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON RUTH ANDERSSON MAY MARY G. PALKO AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION MARGRET M. RIMMER MIKE AND EVA SANDLIN INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: PEG AND BEN KEITH FRIENDS OF HAGERMAN NAT IONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION JOHN D.
[Show full text]
Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants
Prairie Nursery | White Paper Designing Natural Landscapes: Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants CONTENT 1. Ecological Structure of the North American Neil Diboll, Consulting Ecologist Prairie Grassland With over 40 years of experience in research and establishment of 2. Garden Design Principles Using Prairie Plants native plant communities, Neil is an internationally recognized pioneer in 3. Integrating the Prairie Garden into the Landscape the use of North American plants in contemporary landscapes. His designs 3. Weed Control and Maintenance emphasize sustainability, aesthetics, and ecological compatibility with the 3. Plant Usage List for Prairie Gardens land. Neil is a regular keynote speaker on topics such as establishing prairie 6. Conclusion meadows, designing with native plants, and the benefits of converting resource-intensive landscapes into self- sustaining ecological sanctuaries. www.PrairieNursery.com PRAIRIE NURSERY P.O. Box 306, Westfield, WI 53964 1 800-476-9453 PRAIRIE NURSERY blue: #62cbe9 green: #68934d Portada Text : Book Designing Natural Landscapes: Garden Design with Native Prairie Plants Ecological Structure of the North American Prairie Grassland The North American Prairie is a grassland ecosystem. It is composed of hundreds of different flowers and grasses, but is dominated by a few vigorous and adaptable grasses: Botanical Name Common Name Prairie Habitat Andropogon gerardii Big Bluestem Dry to Wet Prairies Bouteloua curtipendula Side Oats Grama Dry Prairies Elymus canadensis Canada Wild Rye Dry to Wet Prairies Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Dry to Wet Prairies Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Dry to Medium Prairies Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Dry to Medium Prairies Sporobolus heterolepis Prairie Dropseed Dry to Medium Prairies Spartina pectinata Prairie Cordgrass Wet Prairies Although dozens of other grasses, sedges (Carex), and rushes (Scirpus) can be found on the American Prairie, the grasses listed above are the most commonly occurring and widespread across the entire prairie region.
[Show full text]
Grass Information
GRASS INFORMATION Grasses for Shade *Sedges (Carex spp.) *Northern Sea Oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) *Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa spp.) *Moor Grass (Sesleria autumnalis) Variegated Grasses *Giant Reed Grass (Arundo donax 'Peppermint Stick') *Golden Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa macra 'Aureola') *Porcupine Grass (Miscanthus senensis 'Strictus') Rose Companion Grasses *Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus) annual *Variegated Japanese Silver Grass (Miscanthus sinensis 'Variegatus') Pots and Planters *Northern Sea Oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) *Fiber Optic Grass (Isolepis cernau) annual *Black Mondo Grass (Ophiopogon planiscapus 'Nigrescens') *Fountian Grass (Pennisetum Burgundy Bunny,Hameln, 'Little Bunny') Hot Dry Sites *Blue Fescue (Festuca glauca) *Little Blue Stem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Moisture Lovers *Feather Reed Grass (Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Foerster') *Switch Grass (Panicum virgatum) *Miscanthus species, Rushes and Sedges Fall Color *Red Flame Grass (Miscanthus 'Purpurascens') *Little Blue Stem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Ground Covers *Golden Japanese Forest Grass (Hakonechloa macra) *Fountian Grass (Pennesetum alopecroides 'Little Bunny') *Blue Moor Grass (Sesleria caerulea) *Prairie Dropseed (Sporobolis heterolepis) *Japanese Blood Grass (Imperata cylindrica 'Red Baron') Salt tolerant *Calamagrostis acutiflora 'Karl Forester'-Feather Reed Grass *Eragrostis spectabilis-Purple Love Grass *Festuca glauca 'Elijah Blue'-Blue Fescue *Miscanthus species and cultivars-Maiden Grass He maketh me to lie down in green
[Show full text]
Texas Grass Gathering Presentations
Welcome to the Texas Grass Gathering Sharing Knowledge. Celebrating Plants. Wednesday, September 9, 2020 Noon - 2:00 pm (CST) Thank You to our door prize sponsors Grass Identification Using Genera Robert K. Lyons, PhD Extension Range Specialist Why Start with Genera? . Ultimate objective: ID to species . 723 grass species in Texas (Shaw, 2012) . 181 grass genera in Texas (Shaw, 2012) . Within a county, etc. limited number of major genera & species . Working from genera can get to species quicker . Requires Understanding certain anatomical terms Practice Texas Genera with Most Species/Genus . Muhlenbergia – 50 . Eragrostis – 32 . Paspalum – 32 . Dichanthelium – 26 . Panicum – 24 . Sporobolus -23 Texas A&M University Press 323 pages Texas A&M University Press 1080 pages, 668 species keyed with illustrations, short descriptions, some photos Select Bluestem Genera Characteristic Andropogon Bothrichloa Schizachyrium Clums (stems) soild, branched solid solid Leaves basal & cauline basal & cauline basal & cauline Sheaths open open open Ligules ciliate membrane ciliate membrane membranous Blades flat or folded flat, midveines present flat & folded Panicle 2-6 rames (panicle branches) numerous rames, ascending spicate racemes terminal & axillary paired: 1 sessil & fertile; 1 pedicipate & paired: 1 sessil & fertile; 1 pedicipate & Spikelet paired: 1 sessile & fertile; 1 pedicilate & sterile sterile sterile, dorsally compressed Glumes subequal, flat equal, as long as lemmas equal Disarticulation base of sessile spikelets below glumes below glumes
[Show full text]
Grasses for the Landscape by Gregg Eyestone Riley County Extension Agent, Horticulture
RILEY COUNTY Grasses for the Landscape By Gregg Eyestone Riley County Extension Agent, Horticulture Overview •Extremely well adapted to Kansas soils, moisture and temperatures. •Fast growing, mature height in second year. •Little to no insect or disease problems. •Year round interest, movement with the wind providing sound. •Grasses come in many heights, colors, textures and water requirements. •Can be used as groundcovers, a specimen, erosion control, screen, etc. •Benefits from division every few years. •Dried foliage is extremely flammable. •Some species can be invasive, i.e. spreading or by self-sowing. Planting or Division and Renovation Container-grown grasses can be planted anytime. Plant grasses so their crown is at grade level. Divide in the spring just before growth begins. It is easiest to use a shovel or an axe and divide grass while still in their growing location. The new divisions can then be dug up and planted in other areas or given away. Renovation periodically is necessary since most plants suffer die-out in the center. Spring Clean-Up Cut off dead foliage on warm-season grasses in early spring before new growth has begun so that the tips of the new shoots are not cut off. Prune these grasses to 3 inches from the ground right before spring growth. A steel blade on a grass trimmer works well. For cool-season grasses, remove dead foliage. Compost old foliage or used as mulch. Water Plants should be well-watered the first year until they are established. Water by thoroughly soaking the soil to a depth of the root zone.
[Show full text]