Beatriz Azevedo Medeiros Performatizando Autenticidade Na

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Beatriz Azevedo Medeiros Performatizando Autenticidade Na UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO INSTITUTO DE ARTE DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL Beatriz Azevedo Medeiros Performatizando autenticidade na cultura digital: Amanda Palmer e os processos de legitimação de musicistas “independentes” Niterói 2018 BEATRIZ AZEVEDO MEDEIROS Performatizando autenticidade na cultura digital: Amanda Palmer e os processos de legitimação de musicistas “independentes” Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Comunicação. Linha de Pesquisa: Estética e Tecnologia da Comunicação. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Beatriz Brandão Polivanov Niterói 2018 1 2 BEATRIZ AZEVEDO MEDEIROS Performatizando autenticidade na cultura digital: Amanda Palmer e os processos de legitimação de musicistas “independentes” Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Comunicação. Linha de Pesquisa: Estética e Tecnologia da Comunicação. Data da defesa: 19 de abril de 2018. BANCA EXAMINADORA _______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Beatriz Brandão Polivanov – Orientadora Universidade Federal Fluminense _______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Simone Pereira de Sá – Examinadora Universidade Federal Fluminense _______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Mayka Castellano – Examinadora Universidade Federal Fluminense _______________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Adriana Amaral – Examinadora Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos 3 AGRADECIMENTOS Em primeiro lugar, agradeço minha queridíssima orientadora Beatriz Polivanov que tanto me auxiliou na caminhada não apenas do mestrado, mas até a chegada do mesmo. Por toda a paciência, dedicação, inspiração, por todas as conversas e trocas, muito obrigada por fazer parte de mais esse capítulo da minha história. Não estaria aqui sem você. À banca examinadora e de qualificação, Mayka Castellano e Adriana Amaral. Seus insights, diretrizes e encaminhamentos certamente aperfeiçoaram esse trabalho, fazendo com que ele tomasse a forma que tomou. À querida Simone Pereira de Sá por, mesmo não podendo fazer parte da qualificação, ainda aceitar fazer parte da banca. Muito obrigada pelo seu carinho, interesse e pelas trocas e crescimentos que aconteceram em nossa aula conjunta. Ao CNPq e à FAPERJ, instituições de apoio ao pesquisador que sem as quais eu não teria sido capaz de me dedicar exclusivamente à pesquisa. Em um momento onde a profissão do pesquisador é questionada, ter um endosso de uma instituição federal e uma estadual é um suspiro de alívio. A Felipe Duarte Rezende, meu amor. Obrigada por todo o apoio e todos os momentos de compreensão, ainda que em muitos momentos eu dificultasse bastante as coisas. Chegamos. Obrigada por vir até aqui comigo. Aos meus pais, por toda a compreensão e carinho nos momentos de maior necessidade. Nossas conversas políticas geraram muito do que vem escrito aqui dentro. Vocês possibilitaram sonhos acontecerem, serei eternamente grata por isso. Ao Vaca, Galinha & Cia. (ainda precisamos decidir quem é quem): Jubalubs, Nanuska e Nina. Estou sempre por vocês, meninas, assim como sei que vocês estão por mim, muito obrigada por toda irmandade. Daqui até o Japão! Ao Cabeças bem definidas: Caio, Lilo e Michely, por ECO consegui terminar essa dissertação! Às magníficas Pérola e Fernanda, sumi, mas voltei agora pra ficar. Põe essa cerveja pra gelar que nós ainda temos muita coisa pra comemorar, meninas! Obrigada pelos momentos de descontração. A todas minhas colegas e a todos os meus colegas do PPGCom por todo o compartilhamento. A todas e todos os integrantes do MiDICom e do Labcult, principalmente as amizades que se fortaleceram nessas trocas acadêmicas: minha amora Nat, Lola, [a outra] Paula, Dani, Alê, Jonas e Debs. Paulie, que caiu de paraquedas, mas é muito querida. Taty, Rodrigo, Rebs e Juliano, presentinhos que a graduação me deu. 4 Conter e Gi, porque me receberam como se nos conhecêssemos há milênios, sou eternamente grata. Lola, de novo, e família – que se tornou família. Aos funcionários e funcionárias da UFF, principalmente Luciana! Sem vocês, nada disso funcionaria, obrigada por tudo. À minha família tão amada e que eu guardo sempre comigo. Especialmente Aninha, Eduardo, Ana Clara e Johnny, por toda a diversão no paraíso. Paulinha, Pinda e Tom Tom, por terem me recepcionado tão lindamente no estrangeiro (duas vezes!). Minhas avós, Margarida e Olgair, por todo amor que elas puderam me dar. Meus avôs, Alfredo e Manel (sei que está aqui), pelos momentos de risada. À tia Margô, segunda mãe e inspiração de luta! Ao Twitter: espaço de pesquisa e de desabafos 24h. 5 “Music is a battleground” Matthew Callahan, The Trouble with Music 6 RESUMO Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como se dão os embates em prol da legitimação da autenticidade artística em um contexto da música tida como independente, e como esses se fazem presentes em performances online, focando principalmente em mensagens publicadas em sites de redes sociais como o Twitter. Tendo a musicista estadunidense Amanda Palmer como fenômeno em análise, mapeamos dois momentos na carreira da artista em que sua autenticidade como musicista e produtora artística é colocada em xeque: o envolvimento com o financiamento coletivo (crowdfunding) e a maternidade. Utilizando a Grounded Theory como método, debatemos sobre categorias emergentes como “música independente”, “feminismos” e “criação da sensação de intimidade”, tendo em vista que percebemos essas palavras-chave como engrenagens que auxiliam no processo de legitimação da autenticidade pelo qual Palmer passa, mas que podem trazer subsídios para entender as performances de outras artistas de cenas próximas. Fazemos também uma discussão teórica de apoio sobre conceitos centrais como os de autenticidade e performance, a partir de autores tais quais Charles Taylor, Lionel Trilling, Richard Schechner e Paula Sibilia de modo a problematizá-los e delimitar seus usos nesta dissertação. Por fim, concluímos que Amanda Palmer constrói sua própria autenticidade a partir da exposição de uma suposta intimidade, sua inserção na cena de música independente e seu engajamento enquanto ativista feminista, formando, assim, uma construção de si que performatiza ideais de autenticidade. Palavras-chave: autenticidade; performances online; música independente; feminismos; Amanda Palmer. 7 Abstract: This work aims to understand how occurs the clashes for the legitimation of artistic authenticity in a context of music considered independent, and how these processes are presented in online performances, focusing mainly in messages published in social network sites as Twitter. Looking at the American musician Amanda Palmer as a analysis phenomenon, we traced two moments of her career in which her authenticity as a musician and producer is questioned: the involvement with crowdfunding and the maternity. Using the Grounded Theory as a method, we found as categories “independent music”, “feminisms” and “intimacy exhibition”. We see these key words as gears that help the process of authenticity legitimation by which Palmer passes, but they can also aids to comprehend the performances by other artists from close musical scenes. We also do a theoretical discussion supporting central concepts like authenticity and performance, from authors such as Charles Taylor, Lionel Trilling, Richard Schechner and Paula Sibilia, in order to problematize these concepts and delimit their uses in this dissertation. Lastly, we conclude that Amanda Palmer constructs her own authenticity from the exhibition of an alleged intimacy, her insertion in independent music scene and her feminist activism, molding a self-construction that performs ideals of authenticity. Keywords: authenticity; online performances; independent music; feminisms; Amanda Palmer. 8 LISTA DE TABELAS Tabela 1 – Esquema de postagem geral (Facebook).......................................................29 Tabela 2 – Esquema de postagem geral (Instagram).......................................................30 Tabela 3 – Esquema de postagem geral (Twitter)...........................................................30 Tabela 4 – Esquema de postagem geral (Blog)...............................................................30 Tabela 5 – Esquema de postagem geral (Tumblr)...........................................................31 Tabela 6 – Esquema de postagem geral (Patreon)...........................................................31 Tabela 7 – Esquema de postagem geral (Youtube).........................................................31 Tabela 8 – Categorização emergente nos discursos de Amanda Palmer.........................37 9 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 – Esquema de canais de comunicação usados por Amanda Palmer.................32 Figura 2 – Sobre arte e o suporte do artista.....................................................................34 Figura 3 – #LOFNOTC pedindo fotos............................................................................45 Figura 4 – Foto de namorada de fã #LOFNOTC............................................................46 Figura 5 – Foto de axila #LOFNOTC.............................................................................47 Figura 6 – Concessão de abraço virtual...........................................................................52
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