SCREENING LEVEL ASSESSMENT of Two SUMAS MOUNTAIN QUARRIES 532470 BC Ltd

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

SCREENING LEVEL ASSESSMENT of Two SUMAS MOUNTAIN QUARRIES 532470 BC Ltd SCREENING LEVEL ASSESSMENT OF Two SUMAS MOUNTAIN QUARRIES Prepared for: 532470 BC Ltd. And Jamieson Quarries Ltd. Prepared by: Levelton Consultants Ltd. 150 - 12791 Clarke Place Richmond, BC V6V 2H9 Canada R.G. Humphries Date: 7 June 2013 Files: EE10-2199-00 and EE10-2382-00 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ..................... ...................... ........... .. ........................................................ Ill LIST OF TABLES ...................... ... .. ..... .................................................................................. IV LIST OF ACRONYMS ........... ..... ..... ..................... .................................................................. V 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... ....................................... 1 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND JUSTIFICATION ........................................................... 1 3. GENERAL PROJECT DESCRIPTION ... ........ ............................................................... .. 2 3 .1 SITE DESCRIPTION ............................................ ........................................................... 2 3.1.1 532470 BC ....................................................................... ... ............................ .................. 2 3.1.2 Jamieson Quarries ...................................... ................. .. ................................................... 3 4. PROJECT OVERVIEW AND SCOPE ............................................................................. 3 4.1 PROPOSED ACTIVITIES ......................................... ..... ............................................. 3 4.1.1 Clearing and removal of overburden materials ................................................................. 3 4.1.2 Quarry operations ........................................ ........ .. ........... .. ................................... ........... 3 4.1.3 Post-mining activities .............. ..... ................ .............. ............... ........... ............................. 4 4.2 FUTURE LAND USE .................................. ........ .. ............ .......................................... 4 4.3 TIMELINE AND PHASING ...... .......................................... ......................................... 4 5. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................... 4 6. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................... 4 6.1 H YDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT .......... .. .................................................................... 4 6. 1. 1 Background .. ................................................. ........................................ ............................ 4 6. 1. 2 Hydrogeological Setting .................................................................................................... 5 6. 1. 3 Water Quality ............................................................. ....................................................... 6 6.1.4 Water Well Records ...................................... ................. ........... ............ ............ .. .............. 6 6. 1. 5 Potential Recharge Impacts ............................................... ................. .. .. .......................... B 6.1.5.1 Unnamed Creek (WC 19) ............... .... ................... ...... .... ....................... ......................... .......... 8 6.1.5.2 Nearby Shallow Wells ............................................... .......................................................... 9 6.1.5.3 Bedrock Wells ................................................ .............. .. ............. ...... .. .... ........................ ........... 9 6.2 DESCRIPTION OF BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ............................................ .... ............ 10 6.2.1 Surface Water ... .. ...................................... ............................. ... ...................................... 10 6.2.2 Fish and Fish Habitat ............................ .. ......... .. ... .......................................................... 10 6.2.2.1 Watercourses Within the Proposed Site ................................................................................ 1O 6.2.2.2 Watercourses Adjacent to the Subject Properties and/or Outside of the 170 m to 200 m Elevation 11 6.3 VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE ....................... .. ...... .. .............................................. ......... 12 6.3.1 BACKGROUND ................................. .................. ... ............................... .. ...... .. ............... 12 6.3.2 METHODS ........................................................... ........................................................... 13 6.3.3 FEDERALLY AND PROV/NC/ALLY LISTED SPECIES OF CONCERN ........................ 13 6.3.4 RESULTS ... ..................................................................................................................... 16 6.3.4 .1 Vegetation Overview ........................................................ .... .................................................... 16 6.3.4 .2 Wildlife Trees ........................................................................................................................... 17 6.3.4.3 Coarse Woody Debris .......................................................................... ...................... .............. 17 6.3.4.4 Potential Vegetation Species and Ecological Communities with Special Federal/Provincial Status that May Occur in the Study Area ................................................................................................. 17 6.3.4.5 General Wildlife Observations ......................... ........................ ... ................. .. ........................... 18 . 6.3.4.6 Wildlife Habitat Assessment ................... ........................... ....................................................... 18 6.3.4.7 Wildlife Corridors .................................................... ............ ................... ............ .. ............ .. .. ..... 20 ~ EE 10-2199-00 Screening Level Assessment of Two LEVELTON EE 10-2382-00 Sumas Mountain Quarries 6.3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION ... ........ .. .... .. ........... .. .. ................. .. ..... ... .... .. ........ .. 20 6.3.5.1 General Summary ....................... ................................................................................. 20 6.3.5.2 Vegetation and Ecological Communities ........ .... ... .......................................................... .. ... 20 6.3.5.3 Wildlife Trees .......... .. ........ ............... ... .... ............. .................................... ... ..... .. .... ........... .... 20 6 3.5.4 Wildlife .... .. ... ....... ... .. ..................... ... ...... ............. .. ... .. ... .. ... ......... ... .. .. .... .......... ........... ...... .. .. .... 20 6.3.5.5 Wildlife Corridors ............... .. ........ ....................................... ... ....... .. .. ..... ............. ..... ... .............. 21 6 3.5.6 Legislation .......... ............................................. .................... .... .. ....................... ........... ........ ... 21 6.4 EFFECTS ON BIOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT.............. ......................................... .. .......... 21 6.4. 1 Surface water ........................ ................ ......... ............ .. ........ .. .......................... .... ........... 21 6.4. 2 Fish habitat component ..................... ........... ................................................................... 21 6.4.3 Fish habitat impacts .................................. ..... .... ......... .......................... .......................... 22 6.4.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .................... ... .... .... .............. ..... ... .................. ....... 22 6.5 ARCHAEOLOGY ........................................ ........... ....................... ............... ............. .... 23 7. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS .. .............................................. ......... ............ 23 8. FIGURES ................................................................................... ....... ... :. ........................ 27 9. REFERENCES .................................... .. .................................... .. .................................. 33 EE 10-2199-00 Screening Level Assessment of Two ii LEVELTON EE 10-2382-00 Sumas Mountain Quarries LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 MAP OF THE ASSESSMENT LOCATION (FROM APPENDIX 1 OF SRS ASSESSMENT, IMAGES FROM GOOGLE EARTH & GOOGLE MAP, 2011 ) ................. ... ... .. ... ........ 27 FIGURE 2 PROPERTY BOUNDARIES SHOWING THE ASSESSMENT LOCATION (FROM APPENDIX 1 OF SRS ASSESSMENT, IMAGE FROM CITY OF ABBOTSFORD WEBMAP, 2011) ......... .................. ............ .. .................... .. .... ........................................ .. 28 FIGURE 3 LOCATIONS OF THE SUBJECT QUARRIES (FROM APPENDIX 1 OF SRS ASSESSMENT, IMAGE FROM CITY OF ABBOTSFORD WEBMAP, 2011 ) ......... .... .. .. 29 FIGURE 4 APPROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF WATERCOURSES (FROM ATTACHMENT 4 OF SRS ASSESSMENT, IMAGE FROM CITY OF ABBOTSFORD WEBMAP, 2011 ) ............. .. .. 30 F IGURE 5 APPROXIMATE OF FISH HABITAT IMPACTS (FROM SRS ASSESSMENT) ......... .. .. .. ......... 31 FIGURE 6 WATER WELL LOCATION PLAN (FROM LEVELTON'S DESKTOP HYDROGEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT) . .... ........................... ...............................................................
Recommended publications
  • WATER QUANTITY and QUALITY REPORT Foothills Subarea Prepared For: Whatcom County Planning & Development Services
    WATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY REPORT Foothills Subarea Prepared for: Whatcom County Planning & Development Services Project No. 080056-001-01 y July 18, 2008 179 Madrone Lane North Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 Tel: (206) 780-9370 Fax: (206) 780-9438 www.aspectconsulting.com a limited liability company ASPECT CONSULTING Contents Acronyms ...........................................................................................................iv Executive Summary............................................................................................1 Water Quantity .......................................................................................................1 Water Quality..........................................................................................................2 Public Stormwater Facilities ...................................................................................2 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................13 2 Existing Conditions...................................................................................15 2.1 Water Quantity ...........................................................................................15 2.1.1 Surface Water ...................................................................................... 15 2.1.2 Groundwater ........................................................................................ 23 2.2 Water Quality .............................................................................................28
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Engineering Evaluation / Cost Analysis for the Sumas Mountain Asbestos (Aka Swift Creek) Site
    Draft Engineering Evaluation / Cost Analysis Sumas Mountain Asbestos (aka Swift Creek) Site Whatcom County, Washington TDD: 12-02-0006 Prepared for: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 1200 Sixth Avenue, ECL-113 Seattle, Washington 98102 Prepared by: Ecology and Environment, Inc. 720 Third Avenue, Suite 1700 Seattle, Washington 98104 July 2013 This page intentionally left blank. 10:START-3\12-09-0003 ii Table of Contents Executive Summary.................................................................................xi 1 Introduction ..............................................................................1-1 2 Site Characterization................................................................2-1 2.1 Site Description and History ............................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Site Ownership History ........................................................................ 2-1 2.1.2 Site Operations and Waste Characteristics........................................... 2-1 2.2 Physical Characteristics of the Site .................................................................. 2-3 2.2.1 Topography and Hydrology ................................................................. 2-3 2.2.2 Geology and Hydrogeology ................................................................. 2-3 2.2.3 Soils...................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.4 Meteorology ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sumas Mountain/Swift Creek Sediment Management Project
    WHATCOM COUNTY qqrigin/i CONTRACT NO. JJOMOIOI 3 JOINT AGENCY AGREEMENT (20T*r sW15 , l0 5 fi# /e_c SUMAS MOUNTAIN/SWIFT CREEK SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT PROJECT U.S. EPA REGION 10 WASHINGTON STATE DEPT. OF ECOLOGY WHATCOM COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL ZONE DISTRICT WHATCOM COUNTY, WASHINGTON USEPA SF I. INTRODUCTION 1467272 Whatcom County (the County), the Whatcom County Flood Control Zone District (Flood Control Zone District), the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 (EPA) (collectively, "the Parties") enter into this Joint Agency Agreement ("Agreement") to reduce the risks associated with human exposure to naturally occurring asbestos within sediment transported through the Swift Creek channel from a naturally-occurring landslide on Sumas Mountain, and/or removed, dredged, transported, or otherwise managed through human activity at certain locations. To address these concerns, the Parties have evaluated alternatives, considered public comments, identified a Project Area (see map at App. 1), and developed a framework known as the Swift Creek Sediment Management Project ("the Project"). As described below, the Project consists of a set of actions intended to address flooding and asbestos concerns for a period of ten years or more. In order to implement the Project, the Parties must first satisfy a number of legal requirements, including those established by the Washington Model Toxics Control Act (MTCA), the Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), and the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). The Parties intend for actions selected through these processes to be the subject of this Agreement. The Parties further intend for those elements of the Project implemented under MTCA to be implemented pursuant to a consent decree entered in Superior Court of the State of Washington.
    [Show full text]
  • SALMON and STEELHEAD HABITAT LIMITING FACTORS in WRIA 1, the NOOKSACK BASIN July, 2002
    SALMON AND STEELHEAD HABITAT LIMITING FACTORS IN WRIA 1, THE NOOKSACK BASIN July, 2002 Carol J. Smith, Ph.D. Washington State Conservation Commission 300 Desmond Drive Lacey, Washington 98503 Acknowledgements This report was developed by the WRIA 1 Technical Advisory Group for Habitat Limiting Factors. This project would not have been possible without their vast expertise and willingness to contribute. The following participants in this project are gratefully thanked and include: Bruce Barbour, DOE Alan Chapman, Lummi Indian Nation Treva Coe, Nooksack Indian Tribe Wendy Cole, Whatcom Conservation District Ned Currence, Nooksack Indian Tribe Gregg Dunphy, Lummi Indian Nation Clare Fogelsong, City of Bellingham John Gillies, U.S.D.A. Darrell Gray, NSEA Brady Green, U.S. Forest Service Dale Griggs, Nooksack Indian Tribe Milton Holter, Lummi Indian Nation Doug Huddle, WDFW Tim Hyatt, Nooksack Indian Tribe Mike MacKay, Lummi Indian Nation Mike Maudlin, Lummi Indian Nation Shannon Moore, NSEA Roger Nichols, U.S. Forest Service Andrew Phay, Whatcom Conservation District Dr. Carol Smith, WA Conservation Commission Steve Seymour, WDFW John Thompson, Whatcom County Tyson Waldo, NWIFC SSHIAP Bob Warinner, WDFW Barry Wenger, DOE Brian Williams, WDFW Stan Zyskowski, National Park Service A special thanks to Ron McFarlane (NWIFC) for digitizing and producing maps, to Andrew Phay (Whatcom Conservation District) for supplying numerous figures, to Llyn Doremus (Nooksack Indian Tribe) for the review, and to Victor Johnson (Lummi Indian Nation) for supplying the slope instability figure. I also extend appreciation to Devin Smith (NWIFC) and Kurt Fresh (WDFW) for compiling and developing the habitat rating standards, and to Ed Manary for writing the “Habitat Limiting Factors Background”.
    [Show full text]
  • Know Your Hazards City of Abbotsford
    KNOW YOUR HAZARDS CITY OF ABBOTSFORD www.abbotsford.ca/AEP HAZARDS The Emergency Planning Committee has identified 14 types of hazards that could affect Abbotsford to an extent that might require site support through an Emergency Operations Centre. These are listed alphabetically in Figure 23. Figure 23. Hazards that Could Affect Abbotsford HAZARDS MAY REQUIRE HAZARDS NOT LIKELY TO REQUIRE EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE 1. Atmospheric Hazard 1. Bomb Threat 2. Dangerous Goods 2. Disease – Animal, Plant 3. Disease – Human 3. Drought 4. Earthquake 4. Food Contamination 5. Fire, Major Urban 5. Information Technology Failure 6. Flood 6. Land Subsidence 7. Landslide 7. Lost Persons 8. Social Disturbance 8. Space Debris 9. Structure Collapse 10. Terrorism 11. Transportation - Air, Rail, Road 12. Utility Failure 13. Volcanic Eruption 14. Wildland / Urban Interface Fire In selecting these potential disasters for consideration, the Abbotsford Emergency Planning Committee acknowledges the potential, however small, that other types of emergency may demand site support in the future. The following sections examine each of these hazards alphabetically to assess the relative risks to the community and to highlight opportunities for mitigation, preparedness for response, municipal business continuity and coordinated disaster recovery. Please note: The content in this guide has been adapted from information from Hazards, Vulnerabilities and Risks in the City of Abbotsford (2016). While every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the guides contents at the time of publication, the City of Abbotsford does not guarantee the accuracy of the information. Last Updated: March 2019 2 CITY OF ABBOTSFORD KNOW YOUR HAZARDS 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Mineral Deposits of the North Half of the VAN ZANDT QUADRANGLE, Whatcom County, Washington
    State of Washington ALBERT D. ROSELLINI, Governor Department of Conservation EARL COE, Director DIVISION OF MINES AND GEOLOGY MARSHALL T. HUNTTING, Supervisor Bulletin No. 50 Geology and Mineral Deposits of the North Half of the VAN ZANDT QUADRANGLE, Whatcom County, Washington By WAYNE S. MOEN STATE PRINTING PLANT, OLYMPI A . WASH. 1962 For sale b y Department of Conservation, Olympia, Washington. Price, $1.50. COLUMBIA SUMAS VALLEY NOOKSACK VALLEY RIVER BLACK MTN MTN_ MTN SUMAS PARA D I SE VALLEY PANORAMA OF MAP AREA Looking east from the north end of Sumas Mountain. Above the photo is sketch of the main physiographlc features of the area. CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction . 1 Scope or the report . 1 Field work and acknowledgments . 2 Previous investigations . 2 History and mineral production . 3 Location and access . 4 Land ownership . 5 Topography . 5 Sumas Mountain . 6 Black Mountain . 6 Red Mountain . 6 Vedder Mountain . 6 Slide Mountain . • . 7 General geology . 7 Rock units . 8 Sedimentary rocks . 8 Chilliwack Group . • . 8 Distribution . 10 Argillaceous rocks . 10 Chert . 11 Siltstone, graywacke, and conglomerate . 12 Limestone . 15 Lower Mesozoic (?) rocks . 18 Upper Cretaceous-lower Tertiary rocks . 21 Chuckanut Formation . 21 Tertiary continental rocks . 26 Quaternary sediments ................. ... ..... .. ..... , . 31 Pleistocene deposits . 31 Recent deposits . 32 Igneous rocks . 34 Chilliwack Group volcanic rocks . 34 Sumas Mountain Serpentinite . 42 Crystalline complex . 49 Structure . 57 Vedder Mountain . 58 Sumas Mountain . 58 Slide Mountain . 60 Red Mountain and Black Mountain . 60 Geologic history . 62 Paleozoic era . 62 Mesozoic era . 63 Cenozoic era . 63 Glaciation . 64 Glacial topography . 66 iii CONTENTS Page Mineral deposits .
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of the North Cascades Conservation Council Fall 2020
    THE WILD CASCADES THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH CASCADES CONSERVATION COUNCIL Fall 2020 visit www.northcascades.org • www.facebook.com/northcas/ THE WILD CASCADES • Fall 2020 1 THE NORTH CASCADES CONSERVATION COUNCIL was THE WILD CASCADES Fall 2020 formed in 1957 “To protect and preserve the North Cascades’ scenic, 3 President’s report — Phil Fenner scientific, recreational, educational, 4 N3C Actions — July to October 2020 and wilderness values.” Continuing 6 Mountains on their minds: Early women climbers, conservationists and this mission, N3C keeps government chroniclers in the Pacific Northwest — Joan Burton officials, environmental organizations, and the general public informed about 8 NPS ignores Wilderness in Thunder Creek planning — Dave Fluharty issues affecting the Greater North 9 Olympic mountain goats arrive in the Cascades Cascades Ecosystem. Action is pur- Trees in Trouble by Daniel Mathews sued through administrative, legal, and public participation channels to 10 Sahale harm reduction — Phil Fenner protect the lands, waters, plants and 11 Monte Cristo CERCLA route status — Ed Henderson wildlife. 12 Glacier monitoring is essential work — Tom Hammond Over the past half century N3C has 16 Corvid’s eye led or participated in campaigns to create the North Cascades National 17 N3C comments on scoping for the Nisqually to Paradise Road corridor Park Complex, Glacier Peak Wilder- plan ness, and other units of the National 18 Forest Service thumbing its nose at locals in Nooksack logging row Wilderness System from the W.O. Douglas Wilderness north to the 19 Restore Gold Creek Valley or maintain Gold Creek Pond? Restoration at Gold Creek Valley: Hope for the future — Jim Evans Alpine Lakes Wilderness, the Henry M.
    [Show full text]
  • Clay Mineralogy and Origin of the Huntingdon Fire Clays on Canadian Sumas Mountain, South British Columbia
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR WWU Graduate School Collection WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship Spring 1978 Clay Mineralogy and Origin of the Huntingdon Fire Clays on Canadian Sumas Mountain, South British Columbia Duane G. Horton Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Horton, Duane G., "Clay Mineralogy and Origin of the Huntingdon Fire Clays on Canadian Sumas Mountain, South British Columbia" (1978). WWU Graduate School Collection. 641. https://cedar.wwu.edu/wwuet/641 This Masters Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the WWU Graduate and Undergraduate Scholarship at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in WWU Graduate School Collection by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Bellingham, Washington 98225 • [206] 676 ’3000 MASTER'S THESIS In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master’s degree at Western Washington University, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of this thesis is allowable only for scholarly purposes. It is understood, however, that any copying or publication of this thesis for commercial purposes, or for financial gain, shall not be allowed without my written permission. Signature Date M ^ Duane G. Horton CLAY MINERALOGY AND ORIGIN OF THE HUNTINGDON FIRE CLAYS ON CANADIAN SUMAS MOUNTAIN. SOUTHWEST BRITISH COLUMBIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Western Washington University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Duane G.
    [Show full text]
  • Sumas Mountain / Swift Creek Asbestos Cluster Investigation
    Sumas Mountain / Swift Creek Asbestos Cluster Investigation May 2013 Patrick Vander Kelen, MPH Glen Patrick, MPH Environmental Epidemiology Division of Environmental Public Health Washington State Department of Health DOH 334-331 May 2013 For people with disabilities, this document is available on request in other formats. To submit a request, please call 1-800-525-0127 (TDD/TTY call 711). Sumas Mountain / Swift Creek Asbestos Cluster Investigation This report is a follow-up to the Washington State Department of Health epidemiologic cluster investigations conducted in 2008 and 2010 of health effects resulting from possible exposure to naturally occurring asbestos in the Swift Creek drainage located in Whatcom County, Washington.1 Human exposure to naturally occurring asbestos is possible from both undisturbed asbestos-containing streambed materials as well as from materials moved off-site for use as fill. The Site Assessment Section within the Office of Environmental Health, Safety, and Toxicology requested this update. The goal of this investigation was to assess the rate of lung and bronchial cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis among people living in the study area compared to rates for Whatcom County and the state overall using additional years of data. While mesothelioma and asbestosis are relatively rare and specifically linked to asbestos exposure, lung and bronchial cancer is more common and is associated with numerous factors, especially smoking. We hypothesized that the population living in the study area is more likely to be exposed to asbestos than other Washington residents and therefore, might experience a higher rate of asbestosis or asbestos related cancer (such as cancer of the lung and bronchus, and mesothelioma) than the county or the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Mtbaker Byway.Pdf
    Art Art Art ynden Pioneer Museum Whatcom Museum of History & L Whatcom Museum of History & Whatcom Museum of History & Jim Yelokanim, center, was chief of the Nooksack’s Mt. Baker supports 20 miles of active glaciers. Groups have Guests putter around at Mt. Baker Lodge, which opened This publicity shot of Clark Gable (left), Loretta Young and Squ-ha-lish village near Lynden in the 1870s. Settlers been scaling the glaciers for more than a century. Join an in 1927. The main lodge, background, burned to the ground Reginald Owen from “Call of the Wild” (1934) helped called him “Squhalish Jim” or “Lynden Jim.” expedition May through October. in 1931. launch Mt. Baker as a ski area. was sailing off the coast of Washington, near Dungeness Bay. About 450 Nooksack Indians lived in the valley in 27 villages on the Nearly all of the region’s “old growth” or virgin forest was harvested between MT. BAKER The last 28 miles of the 58-mile long Mt. Baker Highway lie within the shores of the Nooksack. The largest settlements were near present-day 1890 and 1945. Old growth trees can be found in the Mt. Baker Wilderness [ Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Set aside as part of the Washington Lynden (Squ-ha-lish), Everson (Pop-a-homy) and (Kisk-a-well) where the and in the 1,400 acres of the North Fork Nooksack Research Natural Area ANCIENT VOLCANO Forest Reserve in 1897, its name was changed to Mt. Baker National Forest river forks (Mile 14). Early Nooksack dug pit dwellings 4 - 12 feet deep over (Hwy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Quarternary Geomorphic History of the Sumas Valley
    THE LATE QUATERNARY GEOMORPHIC HISTORY OF THE SUMAS VALLEY by Valerie J. Cameron B.A.(Hons.), Simon Fraser University, 1976 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Geography O Valerie J. Cameron 1989 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY July, 1989 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part , by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name : Valerie Jean Cameron Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: The Late Quaternary Geamorphic History of the Sumas Valley Examining Committee: Chair: A.M. Gill, Assistant Professor M.C. Roberts Professor Senior Supervisor ' ' _.__IE.J.--- HiEkin- Professor - - - A.C.R. Roberts Associate Professor Institute for Quaternary Research - SFU Research Scientist Geological Survey of Canada Date Approved: July 28, 1989 PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, proJect or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or In response to a request from the l ibrary of any other university, or other educational Institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission, T i t l e of Thes i s/Project/Extended Essay The Late Quaternary Geomorphic History of the Sumas Valley Author: - I (signature) Valerie Jean Cameron ABSTRACT The Sumas Valley is located in the eastern portion of the,Fraser Lowland- of L- British Columbia.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3406 Pamphlet
    Prepared in cooperation with Whatcom County and the Washington State Department of Natural Resources Geomorphic Map of Western Whatcom County, Washington By Dori J. Kovanen, Ralph A. Haugerud, and Don J. Easterbrook Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3406 View to northeast across western Whatcom County. Lummi peninsula in foreground, Bellingham to right. Map image from Google, TerraMetrics, Landsat/Copernicus 2019. 2020 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2020 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Kovanen, D.J., Haugerud, R.A., and Easterbrook, D.J., 2020, Geomorphic map of western Whatcom County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3406, pamphlet 42 p., scale 1:50,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3406.
    [Show full text]