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Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I

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Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I J.LAURENSBARNA Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER103 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These pub- lications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, laboratories, and other interested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution INTERNATIONAL WOK YEAR • 1972 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 103 J. Laurens Barnard Amphipoda of Australia, Part I SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1972 ABSTRACT J. Laurens Barnard. Gammaridean Amphipoda of Australia, Part I. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 193, 333 pages, 194 figures, 1972.—Fourteen fam- ilies of Australian Gammaridea from shallow marine waters in the warm-temperate zone are treated taxonomically. The family Dexaminidae, with 28 species in 5 genera, dominates the general amphipod fauna, though specimens are extremely abundant only on soft bottoms of embayments. Paradexamine, with 17 species occurring in Australia out of 35 now known in the Indo-Pacific-Antarctic region, has many sibling pairs and triads in Australia and probably represents a case of adaptive radiation, but the adaptations to special niches are even more apparent in genera such as Syndexamine, derived from Paradexamine. Syndexamine contains species with special morphological adaptations in the form of prehensile pereopods and a nonskid cuticle apparently as devices for attachment as commensals to sedentary hosts. Australian shallow waters have an especially significant number of species and endemic genera in the Dexaminidae, Eophliantidae, Phliantidae, Cyproideinae, and in the thaumatelsonin Stenothoidae, suggesting that Australia is a major evolutionary center for these taxa. Sibling radiation in a new genus with affinities to Pontogeneia plus the high significance of speciation in the families heretofore mentioned is dis- cussed in a framework employing the principle of the ends-of-the-earth position of Australia in the world ocean. Relationships of the sublittoral fauna to Antarctica and to cold-temperate regions are especially low for a warm-temperate regime. Twelve new genera are described in the Amphilochidae, Colomastigidae, Dexamini- dae, Eusiridae, Gammaridae, Phliantidae, and Stenothoidae. Evolutionary sequences in the Dexaminidae, Eophliantidae, Ceinidae, and Phliantidae are discussed. The carinate species formerly placed in Maera and Elasmopus are removed to a new genus similar to Par elasmopus. Official publication date is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1972 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $3.25 (paper cover) Contents Page Introduction 1 Procedures 2 Field Methods 2 Other Samples 2 Acknowledgments 3 Illustrations 4 Biogeographic Remarks 4 The Special Australian Gammaridea 7 Low Endemicity 8 High Endemicity 9 The Ceinids and Phliantids 10 The Eophliantids 11 The Amphilochids and Stenothoids 12 The Dexaminids 12 The Genus Mallacoota (Gammaridae) 13 The Antarctic Affinities of Australian Gammaridea 13 Adaptive Radiation and Instability in the Australian Environment 14 AMPHILOCHIDAE 17 GYPROIDEINAE 17 Key to Genera of Cyproideinae 17 Austropheonoid.es, new genus 18 A. mundoe, new species 18 Cyproidea Haswell 21 C. ornata Haswell 21 Narapheonoides, new genus 21 iV. mullaya, new species 21 Unyapheonoides, new genus 26 U. dabber, new species 26 CEINIDAE, new family 28 Ceina Delia Valle 29 C. wannape, new species 29 COLOMASTIGIDAE 32 Yulumara, new genus 32 Y. wallangar, new species 32 DEXAMINIDAE 34 Key to Subfamilies of Dexaminidae 36 Taxonomic Characters in Paradexamine and Guernea 36 DEXAMININAE 41 Delkarlye, new genus 41 D. enamalla, new species 42 Paradexamine Stebbing 46 Known Species and Probable New Species 46 Interrelationships of Species 46 Phyletic Key 47 Dorsal Pleonal Teeth 49 Dorsal Tooth Formulae 49 Key to Females from Australia 50 Identification 52 Unusual Characters Found in Certain Australian Species 52 Sorting Sequence in VicFish Samples from Western Port 52 P. alkoomie, new species 53 III IV SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Page P. churinga, new species 57 P. dandaloo, new species 66 P. echuca, new species 70 P. fissicauda Chevreux, Typical Phenotype A, Antarctica 75 P. fissicauda Chevreux, Phenotype B, Antarctica 75 P. frinsdorfi Sheard 79 P. goomai, new species 92 P. lanacoura, new species 97 P. linga, new species 101 P. marlie, new species 105 P. Pmoorhousei Sheard 110 P. narluke, new species '. 115 P. otichi, new species 118 P. pacifica (Thomson), New Zealand 122 P. quarallia, new species 126 P. ronggi, new species 130 P. thadalee, new species 133 P. windarra, new species 138 Note on Dexamine Miersii Haswell, 1885 142 Syndexamine Chilton 142 Diagnoses of Species 143 S. wunda, new species 143 5. nuttoo, new species 147 S. runde, new species 147 Syndexamine species (cf. S. runde) 154 S. wane, new species 157 PROPHLIANTINAE 161 Prophlias Nicholls 161 P. anomalus Nicholls 162 Guernea Chevreux 165 G. endota, new species 165 G. gelane, new species 168 G. melape, new species 173 G. unchalka, new species 177 EOPHLIANTIDAE 180 Bircenna Chilton 180 B. ignea Nicholls 182 EUSIRIDAE 182 Pontogeneia Boeck and Its Allies 186 Paramoera Miers 186 Pontogeneia Boeck 186 Accedomoera J. L. Barnard 186 Pontogeneiella Schellenberg 187 P. maneroo, new species 187 Gondogeneia, new genus 191 G. microdeuteropa (Haswell) 191 Tethygeneia, new genus 197 Key to Species of Gondogeneia and Tethygeneia from Australia 198 T. megalophthalma (Haswell) 198 T. elanora, new species 200 T. nalgo, new species 205 T. tulkara, new species 208 T. waminda, new species 210 GAMMARIDAE 215 Ceradocus Costa 215 Key to Species of Ceradocus in Australia 216 C. dooliba, new species 216 C. ramsayi (Haswell) 218 NUMBER 103 Page C. rubromaculatus (Stimpson) 220 C. serratus (Bate) 221 Ceradocus species 224 Maera Leach 224 Possible Revival of Linguimaera Pirlot as a Subgenus of Maera Leach 224 M. mastersi (Haswell) 226 M. viridis Haswell 227 Melita Leach 231 M. matilda, new species 231 M. oba, new species 231 M. zeylanica Stebbing 235 M. z. kauerti, new subspecies 235 The Generic Problem in the Bicarinate Species of Maera, Elasmopus, and Parelasmopus 239 The Bicarinate Species of Mallacoota and Parelasmopus 240 Key to Bicarinate Species of Ifalukia, Mallacoota, and Parelasmopus 241 Ifalukia, new genus 243 Mallacoota, new genus 243 M. diemenensis (Haswell) 244 M. subcarinata (Haswell) 247 M. marilla, new species 249 M. carteta, new species 252 Parelasmopus Stebbing 253 The Problem of Species in This Genus 253 P. setiger Chevreux 254 P. echo, new species 255 P. ya, new species 258 LEUCOTHOIDAE 262 Paraleucothoe Stebbing 262 P. novaehollandiae (Haswell) 262 LYSIANASSIDAE 262 Amaryllis Haswell 262 A. macrophthalma Haswell 262 Parawaldeckia Stebbing 269 P. dilkera, new species 269 P. stebbingi (Thomson) 271 P. yamba, new species 272 Tryphosella Bonnier 276 T. orana, new species 276 NIHOTUNGIDAE, new family 276 Nihotunga, new genus 278 N. iluka, new species 279 OCHLESHJAE 281 Ochlesis Stebbing 281 O. eridunda, new species 281 O. meraldi, new species 284 PHLIANTIDAE 288 Gabophlias, new genus 288 G. olono, new species 289 Palinnotus Stebbing 289 Key to Species of Palinnotus 293 P. thomsoni (Stebbing) 295 Quasimodia Sheard 298 Q. barnardi Sheard 299 Q. enna, new species 299 STEGOCEPHALIDAE 302 Andaniotes Stebbing 302 Key to Species of Andaniotes 307 A. wallaroo, new species 307 VI SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Page STENOTHOIDAE 310 THAUMATELSONINAE 310 Key to Genera of Thaumatelsoninae 310 Thaumatelson Walker 311 Prothaumatelson Schellenberg 311 Parathaumatelson Gurjanova 311 Pseudothaumatelson Schellenberg 311 Antatelson, new genus 312 Ausatelson, new genus 312 A. ule, new species 312 Goratelson, new genus 315 G. waroo, new species 315 Raumahara, new genus 318 R. dertoo, new species 318 Literature Cited 318 Appendix
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