Motives and Methods of Social Mobilization in Rural Senegal Antonia Morzenti SIT Graduate Institute
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SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Capstone Collection SIT Graduate Institute 2016 Motives and Methods of Social Mobilization in Rural Senegal Antonia Morzenti SIT Graduate Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/capstones Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, African Studies Commons, Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Morzenti, Antonia, "Motives and Methods of Social Mobilization in Rural Senegal" (2016). Capstone Collection. 2939. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/capstones/2939 This Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Graduate Institute at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Capstone Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Running Header: MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL Antonia Morzenti PIM 74 A capstone paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Arts in Intercultural Service, Leadership, and Management at SIT Graduate Institute in Brattleboro, Vermont, USA. August 18th 2016 Advisor: Dr. Teresa Healy MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL ii Acknowledgements My father, my rock, my hero, and an exemplary man, who has shown nothing but love and support in everything I do, thank you. And my Mother, I know you’re proud of me – your smile says it all. My three brilliant, beautiful, and loving older sisters who have overcome the most challenging situations with more grace than anyone I know, thank you. You three are the epitome of strong and independent women who never give up. Every day I am proud to be your sister. In particular, I want to thank my sister Hanna who cared for me when I was sick during the course of this capstone. My cousin Lisa, who more or less saved my life and made sure I got the care I needed when I was sick, thank you. My Aunty Patty has been an inspiration to me since the day I was born and took her name. My Aunty Ginger who has always had nothing but encouraging and supporting words for me since I was a child. Thank you all. You have shown me what family truly means. I would also like to thank Tostan, notably Ben Cislaghi who gave into my persistent emails and finally allowed and supported my research project. Tostan not only approved my research project and provided me with sufficient contacts to fulfill it, but they also offered me adequate space and support within the headquarters and regional officies to work. Diane Gillespie, thank you for your expertise and willingness to give advice from start to finish. Bakaray Gueye and Malick Niang, thank you for welcoming me in Thiès and taking me on mission to Kolda – you really made me feel like I was part of the team. In the field, my translator and transcriber, Cherif Ndiaye and Ibraham Diallo (respectively) made all of my interviews and analysis possible. I know the work was far from easy, thank you. MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL iii The Boren Fellowship, an initiative of the National Security Education Program, made this entire capstone project possible by providing funding to complete my research while studying French and Wolof in Senegal. I would like to thank the United States Government for this opportunity. William, who goes above and beyond in all that you have done and continue to do, thank you. I don't know where I would be without your love, support, and encouragement through some of the toughest times I’ve ever been though. My advisors at SIT, Kanthie Athukorala, Teresa Healy, and Mukhtar Bouba, you have all given me an incredible amount of constructive and thoughtful feedback, you were supportive and patient at every step. I am forever grateful for your guidance along this path. Lastly, to all of my ‘long-distance besties’ around the world, who have inspired me in more ways than you know, thank you. Sarah, Monica, Megan, Stephanie, Claire, Brenda, Jacky, and so many others. When women support other women, amazing things happen. Keep smashing the patriarchy! MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ................................................................................................................................... 2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ................................................................................................................................... 4 LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................................................................5 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 5 NONFORMAL EDUCATION ............................................................................................................................... 5 SOCIAL MOVEMENTS ................................................................................................................................... 13 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 17 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................................................................... 17 DATA COLLECTION....................................................................................................................................... 26 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS ........................................................................................................................... 29 SUBJECTIVITY AND LIMITATIONS..................................................................................................................... 30 TOSTAN: “ORGANIZED DIFFUSION” AND SOCIAL MOBILIZATION AGENTS ............................................................. 31 PORTRAITS AND FINDINGS ............................................................................................................... 35 INDIVIDUAL PORTRAITURES ........................................................................................................................... 35 NDAW YIY DAJALE AKA ÑAAXAATE: SOCIAL MOBILIZATION AGENTS .................................................................... 46 WER GU YARAM: HEALTH............................................................................................................................. 48 JAMM AK BENNOO: PEACE AND HARMONY ..................................................................................................... 49 SAÑ SAÑI DOOMU ADAMA: HUMAN RIGHTS ................................................................................................... 51 LI LEEN CI SOÑÑ: MOTIVES ............................................................................................................................ 51 DOXALIN YI: METHODS ................................................................................................................................ 54 INTERPRETATION ......................................................................................................................................... 60 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 65 PRACTICAL APPLICABILITY ............................................................................................................................. 69 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ................................................................................................. 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................. 72 APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................... 79 APPENDIX A: NUSSBAUM’S CAPABILITIES LIST .................................................................................................. 79 APPENDIX B: INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................. 80 APPENDIX C: FOLLOW UP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS ............................................................................................ 81 APPENDIX D: ASSENT DOCUMENT: INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWS .............................................................................. 82 APPENDIX E: DEFINITIONS AND ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................... 83 MOTIVES AND METHODS OF SOCIAL MOBILIZATION IN RURAL SENEGAL 1 Abstract Senegal, a predominantly Muslim West African country, has demonstrated political stability, sustained a constitutional