Name ______Group ___

US Imperialism Foreign Policy: A nation’s rules and actions regarding how they treat other nations.

ISOLATIONISM IMPERIALISM A policy of noninvolvement in the affairs The policy a nation uses to expand their power and interests of other countries and influence (often by controlling weaker nations)

Washington’s Farewell Address: Steer Why Choose This? clear of permanent alliances with other  Chance to make money from trade. $$$$$ countries!  Need for raw materials.

Why Choose This?  Chance for new opportunities. The US won’t have any problems with  Can spread democracy. other countries.

Location How did the US become involved What did the US gain with this area? from involvement with this area? Alaska The US purchased Alaska from Russia  Natural resources like for $7.2 million. gold, oil, lumber and furs  Russia was no longer a presence in North America

Japan The US sent warships to request that  A place to refuel ships on Japan open trade with the US. the way to Asia  Money from trade with Japan

Hawaii American plantation owners living in  Sugarcane plantations Hawaii overthrew the Queen. The US  Pineapples! annexed Hawaii.  A military base at Pearl Harbor  A place to refuel ships on the way to Asia China Spheres of Influence:  Natural resources Sections of China where foreign nations  Money from trade enjoyed special trading rights and  Power and prestige privileges

Open Door Policy: US plan under which each foreign nation in China could trade freely within each other’s sphere of influence.

1 Boxer Rebellion: Chinese martial arts society (Boxers) led a violent uprising against foreign countries in China. Many died and were held captive.

The Spanish-American War

YELLOW JOURNALISM * Sensational, biased and often false reporting used to get more readers. Brought intensified the debate over America’s role in the war. * This was the first time many pictures and artwork were used in newspapers. People found them more interesting and were more likely to buy the newspaper. * Used by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst.

What was happening in Cuba?

American businesses invested in and traded with Cuba, especially for sugar. Cuba had been under Spanish rule for centuries and although they had tried to become independent several times, Spain had overpowered them and smashed their dreams of independence. In 1895, under Jose Marti, Cubans again revolted, burning sugarcane fields and destroying buildings in the hopes that the Spanish would leave. In return, Spain put Cubans in camps to separate them from the rebels. Thousands of Cubans died of starvation and disease.

Remember the Maine! After more fighting broke out in Havana Cuba, the US sent the USS Maine to Havana, Cuba. On Feb 15, 1898, an explosion shattered the USS Maine, killing 260 crew members. American newspapers blamed Spain.

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WAR!!

 President McKinley demanded a truce with Spain and an end to the brutality against the Cubans, but the Spanish would not meet all of their demands.

 The Spanish-American War: On April 19,1898, the US recognized Cuban independence and on April 25, declared war on Spain.

 Of those soldiers that died, most died from disease. Approximately 5000 died from yellow fever and 379 from malaria.

Spanish – American War (1898) Philippines Cuba Puerto Rico US captures city of US Navy blocks the Spanish at American troops land in Puerto Manila. Filipino rebels Santiago. The Rough Riders, Rico and quickly take control of seize main island of under TR, capture San Juan the island. On August 12, Luzon using American- Hill. When Spanish try to get Spanish sign an armistice (a supplied guns and declare out of Santiago, their navy is peace agreement) ending the independence. US destroyed. Ends Spanish war. debates what to do with resistance in Cuba. the islands.

 Treaty of Paris (1898) ends the war!

 ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE: Americans who opposed the treaty, accusing the US of building a colonial empire.

3 Results of the Spanish-American War

Cuba becomes a Puerto Rico and US gives Spain $20 Protectorate of the Guam become million and gets the US (a country that is territories of the US. Philippines in technically return. independent but under the control of another country.)

In 1901, US agrees In 1900, US agrees Filipino rebels to the Platt sets up the Foraker expected Amendment: Cuba Act: Set up the new independence after gets full government in PR. the war. When they independence, but In 1917, under the didn’t get it, it led to only if their new Jones Act, PR was war with the US. In constitution give the made a territory of 1902, US gave the US certain rights: the US and its Philippines an Cuba can’t make people were granted appointed governor treaties with other US citizenship. and legislature. In nations, US gets 1946, it was granted naval base at complete Guantanamo Bay independence. and the US has the right to intervene if Cuba’s independence is threatened.

4 Imperialism in Latin America

REVIEW: What was the Monroe Doctrine? A statement made by President Monroe that said that European countries could no longer make new colonies or interfere in North or South America.

Describe US intervention in Panama. (Think who-what-where-when-why-how!)

 In 1903, US (under TR) tries to lease a strip of Panama from Columbia in return for a payment of $10 million and annual rent of $250,000. Columbia rejects it.

 Panama rebels against Columbia. When Columbia tries to send forces to stop them, the US blocks them.

 After recognizing their independence, US signs a treaty with Panama. It gives them a 10-mile strip of land across the country for the same terms it offered to Columbia earlier.

What were the pros and cons of building the Panama Canal?

 PROS: Panama Canal opens on August 15, 1914, cutting more than 7,000 miles off the trip from NY to San Francisco. It also guaranteed the US a strong presence in Latin America. It made trade and travel for the Navy much faster.

CONS: Many people died from yellow fever and malaria while building the canal. Some Latin American countries were upset about how the US gained the land for the canal.

5 “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” – Teddy Roosevelt

In other words… don’t respond to foreign problems by threats, but by military action. America must play its part in maintaining order and preventing the world from falling into disorder and lawlessness.

ROOSEVELT COROLLARY: the US had the right to intervene in the affairs of Latin American countries when they seemed unstable.

“Substitute dollars for bullets.” – William Howard Taft

 Instead of using the military to police Latin America, President Taft wanted to use money. In his policy called DOLLAR DIPLOMACY, he believed American investments would bring stability to troubled areas of the world, as well as profit and power to the US, without the need for force.

As a result, American companies gain wealth and political power in some Latin American countries.

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