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The Oldest Predaceous Water Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with Implications for Paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation
Journal of Paleontology, 91(6), 2017, p. 1166–1177 Copyright © 2017, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/17/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2017.48 The oldest predaceous water bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with implications for paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation Julia Criscione1 and David Grimaldi2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA 〈[email protected]〉 2Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY, 10024, USA 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—A new genus and species of predaceous water bugs, Triassonepa solensis n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Triassic Cow Branch Formation of Virginia and North Carolina (USA) based on ~36 adult specimens and 51 nymphs. This species is the oldest known member of the extant family Belostomatidae. It is placed in a new genus based on the unique structure of the raptorial foreleg, in which the tarsus is elongate and opposed to the tibia + femur. The fossil record of this family is reviewed and the paleoenvironmental implications of the species assemblage preserved in the Cow Branch Formation are discussed. Introduction Though belostomatids are widespread in Cenozoic sedi- ments, many are still undescribed, including a Paleocene The Heteroptera, or sucking bugs, have a long fossil record, specimen from Alberta, Canada (Mitchell and Wighton, 1979), potentially spanning back to the Permian. The first putative two unnamed early Eocene specimens from Denmark (Larsson, heteropteran from this period is Paraknightia magnifica Evans, 1975; Rust and Ansorge, 1996), and a late Oligocene specimen 1943 from New South Wales (Evans, 1950). -
Deep River and Dan River - Danville Total Petroleum Systems (TPS) and Assessment Units (AU) for Continuous Gas Accumulation
Mesozoic rift basins – Onshore North Carolina and south- central Virginia, U.S.A.: Deep River and Dan River - Danville total petroleum systems (TPS) and assessment units (AU) for continuous gas accumulation Open-file report 2013-01 by Jeffrey C. Reid and Kenneth B. Taylor North Carolina Geological Survey Section Division of Energy, Mineral and Land Resources Department of Environment and Natural Resources Department of Environment State of North Carolina and Natural Resources Pat McCrory, Governor John E. Skvarla, III, Secretary Raleigh, North Carolina September 2013 Forward This extended abstract was prepared to accompany an invited oral presentation by the lead author for GeoConvention 2013 held in Calgary, Alberta (Canada) in May 2013. The on- line link to the extended abstract is no longer available resulting in this report. i Mesozoic rift basins – Onshore North Carolina and south- central Virginia, U.S.A.: Deep River and Dan River - Danville total petroleum systems (TPS) and assessment units (AU) for continuous gas accumulation Jeffrey C. Reid, PhD, PG, CPG North Carolina Geological Survey, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C., 27699-1612, USA [email protected] and Kenneth B. Taylor, PhD, PG, North Carolina Geological Survey, 1612 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, N.C., 27699-1612, USA Summary Two continuous gas assessment units (AUs) are present in the Late Triassic (Carnian) onshore rift basins of North Carolina and south-central Virginia. The source rocks are freshwater lacustrine shales that were deposited near the paleo-equator after the onset of Pangea rifting. These two rift basins, the Deep River basin wholly contained within North Carolina’s border, and the Dan River-Danville basin, present in north-central North Carolina and south- central Virginia have been assessed numerically as part of the USGS’s National Petroleum Resource Assessment (Fig. -
Quantitative Taphonomy of Tanytrachelos Ahynis, Cow Branch Formation, Solite Quarry, Virginia
Quantitative Taphonomy of a Triassic reptile: Tanytrachelos ahynis from the Cow Branch Formation, Dan River Basin, Solite Quarry, Virginia Michelle M. Casey Thesis submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Geosciences Michal Kowalewski Nicholas C. Fraser Shuhai Xiao April 27, 2005 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: Depositional Environment, Lacustrine, Lagerstätten, Newark Supergroup Quantitative Taphonomy of a Triassic reptile: Tanytrachelos ahynis from the Cow Branch Formation, Dan River Basin, Solite Quarry, Virginia Michelle M. Casey ABSTRACT The Virginia Solite Quarry assemblage of Tanytrachelos ahynis, with its exceptionally abundant and uniquely preserved specimens, offers an opportunity to quantify multiple aspects of vertebrate taphonomy. The presence or absence of 128 skeletal elements (i.e., bones) as well as the presence or absence of 136 skeletal variables (i.e., morphometric dimensions) were recorded for 100 specimens collected from two distinct layers within the quarry (lake cycles 2 and 16). Anatomical specimen completeness (or the percent of bones/variables present in a specimen) is low (the median specimen preserves 14.5% of bones and 11.8% of measured variables) in spite of protection from high energy currents, predators, and scavengers afforded by anoxic bottom waters. Specimen size, as approximated by femur length, does not significantly impact specimen completeness. Also, post-exhumation weathering, duration of exposure before burial, and morphotype groupings do not appear to have significantly affected anatomical specimen completeness or articulation. Presence or absence of the enigmatic heterotopic bones represents a true biological signal as indicated by the lack of significant difference in anatomical specimen completeness between the two morphotypes as well as qualitative taphonomic evidence. -
Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America
Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1572 Stratigraphic Nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of Eastern North America By GWENDOLYN W. LUTTRELL U. S. G E 0 L 0 G I C A L S U R V E Y B U L L E T I N 1 5 7 2 A lexicon and correlation chart of Newark Supergroup stratigraphic nomenclature, including a review of the origin and characteristics of the early Mesozoic basins of eastern North America UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, Jr., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Luttrell, Gwendolyn Lewise Werth, 1927- Stratigraphic nomenclature of the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin ; 1572) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no. : I 19.3:1572 1. Geology, Stratigraphic-Triassic-Nomenclature. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic-Jurassic-Nomenclature. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic Nomenclature-North America. I. Title. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 1572 [QE676] 557.3 s 88-600291 [551. 7'6'097] For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract............................................................................. 1 Introduction........................................................................ 1 Exposed Basins . 2 Descriptions of the Exposed Basins . 6 Deep River Basin . 6 Crow burg Basin . 7 Wadesboro Basin . 8 Ellerbe Basin . 8 Sanford Basin . -
Fossil Great Lake3 of the New Ark Supergroup in New Jersey
FOSSIL GREAT LAKE3 OF THE NEW ARK SUPERGROUP IN NEW JERSEY PAUL E. OLSEN Bingham Laboratories, Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Introduction Because Newark Basin lacustrine rocks are (1) often If individual detrital cycles can be traced over the ex composed of sedimentary cycles, (2) traceable over very tent of the Lockatong Formation, the area of division 2 large areas, and (3) unusually rich in fossil remains, they of each cycle is a measure of the average minimum size are among the most interesting and challenging of of the lake during maximum transgression; this is about Newark Supergroup deposits. While lacustrine se 7000 km2. Of course the actual size of the lakes were quences are found in all sedimentary divisions of the significantly larger than this. If, as may have been the Newark Basin, those of the Lockatong, Peltville, and case, the Newark, Gettysburg, and Culpeper basins Towaco formations are known in greatest detail and are were connected by open water at times, the lake would therefore the focus of this field trip. I concentrate on the have been about the same dimensions as Lake interpretation of the lake sediments, paying special at Tanganyika or Lake Baikal; that is, about 32,500 km. tention to some fundamental problems in their inter While the lake may have been this large, actual tracing pretation, In addition, I touch on some relevant of individual cycles is reasonably complete only for the paleozoology. northern Newark Basin (see stops 2 - 4), Lockatong Formation, Detrital cycles Vertical sections through Lockatong cycles show con - General Comments ". -
The Oldest Predaceous Water Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with Implications for Paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation
Journal of Paleontology, 91(6), 2017, p. 1166–1177 Copyright © 2017, The Paleontological Society 0022-3360/17/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2017.48 The oldest predaceous water bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera, Belostomatidae), with implications for paleolimnology of the Triassic Cow Branch Formation Julia Criscione1 and David Grimaldi2 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA 〈[email protected]〉 2Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St, New York, NY, 10024, USA 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—A new genus and species of predaceous water bugs, Triassonepa solensis n. gen. n. sp., is described from the Triassic Cow Branch Formation of Virginia and North Carolina (USA) based on ~36 adult specimens and 51 nymphs. This species is the oldest known member of the extant family Belostomatidae. It is placed in a new genus based on the unique structure of the raptorial foreleg, in which the tarsus is elongate and opposed to the tibia + femur. The fossil record of this family is reviewed and the paleoenvironmental implications of the species assemblage preserved in the Cow Branch Formation are discussed. Introduction Though belostomatids are widespread in Cenozoic sedi- ments, many are still undescribed, including a Paleocene The Heteroptera, or sucking bugs, have a long fossil record, specimen from Alberta, Canada (Mitchell and Wighton, 1979), potentially spanning back to the Permian. The first putative two unnamed early Eocene specimens from Denmark (Larsson, heteropteran from this period is Paraknightia magnifica Evans, 1975; Rust and Ansorge, 1996), and a late Oligocene specimen 1943 from New South Wales (Evans, 1950). -
The "Age of Dinosaurs" in the Newark Basin, with Special Reference to the Lower Hudson Valley
2001 New York State Geological Association Guidebook The "Age of Dinosaurs" in the Newark Basin, with Special Reference to the Lower Hudson Valley Paul E. Olsen and Emma C. Rainforth Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Palisades, NY ABSTRACT This field guide is intended as an introduction to the rich stratigraphic and paleontological record of the Triassic-Jurassic Newark rift basin, especially in the vicinity of the present and ancestral routes of the lower Hudson River. We will visit seven stops that illustrate this region's range of sedimentary and igneous environments and paleobiological assemblages, focusing on their significance to the understanding of global events in the early Mesozoic, in particular the beginning of the "Age of Dinosaurs". INTRODUCTION The Newark basin (Figure 1) is one in a remarkable series of early Mesozoic rift basins that extend from Greenland to Europe, Morocco and eastern North America, and to the Gulf of Mexico, comprising the largest known rift system. This massive set of basins - the central Atlantic margin rifts - formed during the crustal extension that led to the fragmentation of Pangea (Figure 1). The Newark basin is one of the largest segments of the outcropping, deeply eroded North American contingent of these rifts, the basin fill of which is collectively termed the Newark Supergroup (Figure 1). Continental rifting seems to have begun in eastern North America sometime in the median Permian and finished in the Early Jurassic, although the exact timing of the termination of rifting is poorly constrained. These rifts - in particular the Newark basin - also record a major tectonic paroxysm that punctuated the beginning of the Jurassic: the emplacement of basaltic intrusions and extrusions of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) (Marzoli, 1999; Olsen, 1999) - the largest known igneous province (Figure 2). -
Description of Tanytrachelos Ahynis and Its Implications for the Phylogeny of Protorosauria
Description of Tanytrachelos ahynis and its implications for the phylogeny of Protorosauria Amy C. Smith Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geosciences Michał Kowalewski, Chair Nicholas Fraser, Co-chair Alton Dooley Kenneth Eriksson Shuhai Xiao April 11, 2011, Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Protorosaurs, Archosauromorphs, Cladistics, Quantitative Morphometrics Description of Tanytrachelos ahynis and its implications for the phylogeny of Protorosauria Amy C. Smith ABSTRACT Tanytrachelos ahynis, a small (21 cm long) aquatic protorosaur from the Upper Triassic sediments in the Cow Branch Formation of the Newark Supergroup, has been briefly described in 1979 by P. E. Olsen. A growing addition of nearly 200 specimens and the availability of CT imaging allow for an extensively detailed redescription. This redescription fills in missing data in cladistic analyses of Protorosauria, allowing for protorosaur monophyly to be retested with a more robust data set. Two hundred and ninety specimens and two CT scans of specimens were examined, with seventy linear measurements, four angular measurements, and five derived variables comprising the quantitative observations. These qualitative and quantitative observations then provided data for Tanytrachelos in two cladistic analyses of Protorosauria. The first analysis included the outgroup Petrolacosaurus, twenty-one protorosaurs, and nine other archosauromorphs. The second analysis included the twenty taxa within this sample that had a data completeness of 50% or higher. Diagnostic qualities of Tanytrachelos include large orbits (11% - 13% the lateral area of the skull), a fused axis and atlas, a tail that spans half the vertebral length, and paired curved heterotopic bones in some specimens (a sign of sexual dimorphism). -
The Late Triassic Timescale: Age and Correlation of the Carnian–Norian Boundary
Archived version from NCDOCKS Institutional Repository http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/ The Late Triassic timescale: Age and correlation of the Carnian–Norian boundary By: A.B. Heckert, S.G. Lucas, L.H. Tanner, H.W. Kozur, & R.E. Weems Abstract The Late Triassic timescale is poorly constrained due largely to the dearth of reliable radio-isotopic ages that can be related precisely to biostratigraphy combined with evident contradictions between bio-stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic correlations. These problems are most apparent with regard to the age and correlation of the Carnian–Norian boundary (base of the Norian Stage). We review the available age data pertaining to the Carnian– Norian boundary and conclude that the “long Norian” in current use by many workers, which places the Carnian– Norian boundary at ~228 Ma, is incorrect. The evidence supports a Norian stage that is much shorter than proposed by these workers, so the Carnian–Norian boundary is considerably younger than this, close to 220 Ma in age. Critical to this conclusion is the correlation of the Carnian–Norian boundary in nonmarine strata of Europe and North America, and its integration with existing radioisotopic ages and magnet-ostratigraphy. Three bio- stratigraphic datasets (palynomorphs, conchostracans and tetra-pods) reliably identify the same position for the Carnian–Norian boundary (within normal limits of bio-stratigraphic resolution) in nonmarine strata of the Chinle Group (American Southwest), Newark Supergroup (eastern USA–Canada) and the German Keuper. These biostratigraphic datasets place the Carnian–Norian boundary at the base of the Warford Member of the lower Passaic Formation in the Newark Basin, and, as was widely accepted prior to 2002, this correlates the base of the Norian to a horizon within Newark magnet-ozone E13n. -
The Late Triassic Timescale: Age and Correlation of the Carnian–Norian Boundary
Earth-Science Reviews 114 (2012) 1–18 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev The Late Triassic timescale: Age and correlation of the Carnian–Norian boundary S.G. Lucas a,⁎, L.H. Tanner b, H.W. Kozur c, R.E. Weems d, A.B. Heckert e a New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road N. W., Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA b Department of Biological Sciences, Le Moyne College, 1419 Salt Springs Road, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA c Rézsü u. 83, H-1029 Budapest, Hungary d Paleo Quest, 14243 Murphy Terrace, Gainesville, VA 20155, USA e Department of Geology, Appalachian State University, ASU Box 32067, Boone, NC 28608, USA article info abstract Article history: The Late Triassic timescale is poorly constrained due largely to the dearth of reliable radioisotopic ages that Received 19 April 2011 can be related precisely to biostratigraphy combined with evident contradictions between biostratigraphic Accepted 5 April 2012 and magnetostratigraphic correlations. These problems are most apparent with regard to the age and corre- Available online 17 April 2012 lation of the Carnian–Norian boundary (base of the Norian Stage). We review the available age data pertain- ing to the Carnian–Norian boundary and conclude that the “long Norian” in current use by many workers, Keywords: which places the Carnian–Norian boundary at ~228 Ma, is incorrect. The evidence supports a Norian stage Triassic – Carnian that is much shorter than proposed by these workers, so the Carnian Norian boundary is considerably youn- Norian ger than this, close to 220 Ma in age. -
Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina
In Cooperation with the North Carolina Geological Survey Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina By Jeffrey C. Reid and Robert C. Milici Open-File Report 2008–1108 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested citation: Reid, J.C., and Milici, R.C., 2008, Hydrocarbon source rocks in the Deep River and Dan River Triassic Basins, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1108, 28p. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted material contained within this report. ii Contents Abstract.........................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................2 Location -
Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Newark Supergroup (Early Mesozoic, Eastern N0,Rth America)
Chapter 8 Paleontology and paleoecology of the Newark Supergroup (early Mesozoic, eastern N0,rth America) PAUL E. OLSEN ABSTRACT The diverse depositional environments and rich fossil assemblages of the early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup of eastern North America can be subdivided into six broad environmental categories ranging from fault-scarp breccias in synsedimentary grabens developed directly along master boundary fault zones to deep-water zones of lakes. Each environmental category is characterized by its own range of taxa and modes of preservation. Environmental zones, except those directly caused by faulting, shifted laterally as lake levels rose and fell. Overt analogy between the lower trophic levels of aquatic ecosystems of modern lakes and those of the early Mesozoic is not appropriate. Diatoms were absent from the phytoplankton and large (0.3 - 1.0 cm) clam-shrimp comprised most of the zooplankton in Newark lakes, despite the abundant planktivorous fish. Like their modern counterparts, however, early Mesozoic ecosystems responded to a hierarchy of extrinsic en- vironmental perturbations. Longer-term perturbations which left marked records in Newark Supergroup records in- clude cyclical climate change controlled by orbital variations and perhaps the consequences of an asteroid impact. These perturbations affected the evolution and extinction of organisms and the metabolism of ecosystems in ways that differ both in magnitude and kind. The evolution of fish species-flocks and mass extinction at the Triassic - Jurassic boundary are but two examples at distant ends of the spectrum. Introduction The Newark Supergroup of eastern North America (Fig. 8-1) consists of the remnants of the fill of rift basins formed during the 45 million years of crustal thinning and stretching which led up to the Middle Jurassic breakup of Laurasia and the formation of the earliest oceanic crust.