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Bernal As Auteur: Primary Biographical Notes
Forum Kritika: A Closer Look at Manila by Night BERNAL AS AuTEUR: PRIMARY BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES Bayani Santos, Jr. Manuel L. Quezon University [email protected] Abstract The paper discloses selected author-considered details on Ishmael Bernal’s family and clan background that can provide further insights on his stature as an auteur, culled from a detailed clan story, which describes the values, problems, conflicts, quirks, and gifts of the clan that nurtured Bernal. It also considers a number of Bernal films and several previously unavailable writings in terms of their content, which indicate confluences in Bernal’s thinking with those of other family members. The paper uses the politique des auteurs, whose proponents uphold the primacy of the director as the creative force behind the creation of a film, although they also recognize filmmaking as a collaborative project. The paper strives to articulate certain manifestations of the visions which were manifest in Bernal’s films as well as his literary output. Keywords auteur criticism, Bernal films, Bernal-Santos family history, Philippine cinema About the Author Bayani Santos, Jr. is a PhD candidate at Manuel L. Quezon University in Manila, where he also acquired his MA. He also holds degrees in journalism (cum laude) from the University of the Philippines and Business and Sector Tech Management from the Netherlands International Institute of Management (RBV) Maastricht. He has won six Anvil and Quill Awards for communications programs in the 1980s and 1990s. He is the founding editor of Who Magazine, and has served as editor of several national publications and at the Spanish International News Agency Agencia EFE. -
Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO by JOEL DAVID
UNITAS Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO BY JOEL DAVID The National Pastime: Contemporary Philippine Cinema Fields of Vision: Critical Applications in Recent Philippine Cinema Wages of Cinema: Film in Philippine Perspective Book Texts: A Pinoy Film Course (exclusively on Amauteurish!) Manila by Night: A Queer Film Classic SINÉ: The YES! List of 100+ Films That Celebrate Philippine Cinema (with Jo-Ann Q. Maglipon; forthcoming) VOLUME 89 • NUMBER 1 UNITASSemi-annual Peer-reviewed international online Journal of advanced reSearch in literature, culture, and Society Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery PART II: EXPANDED PERSPECTIVES Joel david since 1922 Indexed in the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America Millennial Traversals: Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery (Part II: Expanded Perspectives) Original Digital Edition Copyright 2015 by Joel David and Ámauteurish Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Cover still from Tiyanak, © 1988 Regal Films. All Rights Reserved. UNITAS is an international online peer-reviewed open-access journal of advanced research in literature, culture, and society published bi-annually (May and November). UNITAS is published by the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, the oldest university in Asia. It is hosted by the Department of Literature, with its editorial address at the Office of the Scholar-in-Residence under the auspices of the Faculty of Arts and Letters. Hard copies are printed on demand or in a limited edition. Copyright @ University of Santo Tomas Copyright The authors keep the copyright of their work in the interest of advancing knowl- edge but if it is reprinted, they are expected to acknowledge its initial publication in UNITAS. -
On Film Polls and Pinoy Rebyu Interview with Skilty C
On Film Polls and Pinoy Rebyu Interview with Skilty C. Labastilla Patrick F. Campos (PFC): What is your motivation or rationale for coming up with a listing of great or best Filipino films? Skilty C. Labastilla (SCL): When I started Pinoy Rebyu in 2010 with a couple of friends, our goal was to come up with a local equivalent of Metacritic or Rotten Tomatoes, where film reviews are collated and scored to come up with an average score per film. In 2011, we started our Yearend Poll feature by inviting 19 film reviewers to submit their top 10 films and performances of the year. I’ve always been fond of “Best of” lists, but most of the “Best Films of All Time” lists I’ve read up to that point were lists by foreign critics and filmmakers. I knew of course that Joel David had already come up with a 1989 poll of greatest Pinoy films (published in the same year) and that Noel Vera came up with his own list of 100 best local films in 2007. In 2012, Sight & Sound, which polls critics and filmmakers every 10 years, released its “Best Films of All Time” list, where Vertigo (Hitchcock, 1958) dislodged Citizen Kane (Welles, 1941), which has been topping the poll since 1962, as the best all-time movie. In 2013, we thought it would be fun to compare the choices of current film reviewers and filmmakers to the choices of those polled in 1989 in order to see which local films have stood the test of time and which ones have fallen out of favor, as well as which one are now deemed the new classics. -
Film Industry Executive Summary
An In-depth Study on the Film Industry In the Philippines Submitted by: Dr. Leonardo Garcia, Jr. Project Head and Ms. Carmelita Masigan Senior Researcher August 17, 2001 1 FILM INDUSTRY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Movies are a powerful force in Philippine society. Movies, more than just a source of entertainment, reflect a nation’s personality. On the silver screen takes shape all the hopes, dreams and fantasies of the common man: legends, love, the stuff of myths and make believe. Its heroes become larger than life, often attaining the stature of demigods. They are looked upon as role models, serving as resources of inspiration. But most important, the movie industry has become a vital part of the national economy. The paper aims to define the industry and its structure, examine the laws that hinder or facilitate its growth as well as the existing associations and what they have done; look into the market potential of the film industry and its foreign market demand; examine supply capability; identify opportunities and threats confronting the industry; prepare an action plan to enhance competitiveness; and recommend a performance monitoring scheme. The film industry shows that its gross value added is growing faster than the gross domestic product and gross national product. In other words, the industry has a lot of potential to improve further through the years. Extent of growth of firms is primarily Metro-Manila based with Southern Tagalog as a far second. There is more investment in labor or manpower than capital expenditures based on the 1994 Census of Establishments. Motion picture also called film or movie is a series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid succession onto a screen by means of light. -
Nora Aunor >>> Page 36
VILMA & NORA VILMARivalryRivalry no&no More!More!NOR A TaposTapos NaNa BaBa AngAng Labanan?Labanan? Nananahimik na ba kayo? Sawa na ba kayo sa mga awayan ang paggawa ng babasahin inyong binabasa ngayon. Hindi niya naisip na ang pagsusulat ko ay isang hobby. Isang out- at bangayan? Alam ko. Tulad mo wala na akong panahon let ng isang simpleng tagahanga. Bakit raw nagaaksaya ako makipagtalo. Tapos na ba ang labanan? Puedeng sabihin. ng panahon. Tulad ng ibang hobby kagaya ng panggagat- Sinong nanalo at sinong natalo. Kung ang pagbabasihan ay silyo o paghahardinero, ang pagsusulat ko’y nagdudulot ng ang career at family life malinaw na si Vilma ay nakaka- ligaya katulad ng kapag nakakabasa ako ng magagandang angat. Maging ang mga Noranians tulad nina Boy Abunda at bagay tungkol sa aking paboritong artista. Hindi niya mara- German Moreno ay pawang nagsasabi na napag-iiwanan na hil nakikita ito. Sa kabila nito nanatili ako sa pagsusulat at ang kanilang minamahal na si Nora. Sa mga ordinaryong paggawa ng babasahin hawak niyo. Tulad ng iba’t ibang tagahanga ni Nora hindi nila matatanggap kalian man na mga tagahanga ni Ate Guy at Ate Vi tapos na ang mga napag-iiwanan na nga ang kanilang idolo. Pilit nilang ibina- pakikipagdebate ko. Pinagdaanan ko na ito at ang libreng balik ang dekada sitenta kung saan malinaw na nilampaso ng oras ko ay ginugugol ko sa ibat ibang bagay tulad ng pag- bikolanang manganganta ang original Tondo girl na si Ate Vi. susulat. Kung sino ang mas sikat at kung sino ang mas ma- Pilit nilang ibinabalik ang kasikatan natapos na. -
Lino Brocka and the New Cinema of the Philippines
91 THE STRUGGLE OF THE OPPRESSED: LINO BROCKA AND THE NEW CINEMA OF THE PHILIPPINES THESIS Presented to the Graduate Council of the University of North Texas in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS By Arminda V. Santiago, B.A., M.A. Denton, Texas August 1993 Santiago, Arminda V., The Struggle of the Oppressed: Lino Brocka and the New Cinema of the Philippines. Master of Arts (Radio, Television, Film), August 1993, 227 pp., appendix, bibliography, 115 titles. This study is an examination of Lino Brocka's development as a filmmaker of the New Cinema of the Philippines. It provides a close textual analysis of two recent Brocka films, Macho Dancer (1988) and Fight for Us (1989) using a sociocultural approach to the study of the representation of aspects of social reality and their relationship to contemporary Philippine society. The study is divided into six chapters: Chapter I contains the introduction to the study, Chapter II traces the development of Philippine cinema in relation to Philippine socio-political history, Chapter III describes the New Cinema film movement in the Philippines, Chapter IV provides a biographical sketch of Lino Brocka in which the development of his critical attitude, notions of social reality, and significant works are discussed, Chapter V contains the film analyses, and Chapter VI contains the conclusions to the study. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank the following institutions and individuals for helping make this thesis possible: The Fulbright-Hays Scholarship Program of the United States Information Agency The Institute of International Education The Philippine American Education Foundation The Institute of Library Science, University of the Philippines The College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines The Film Center, University of the Philippines The Filipiniana Section of the Main Library, University of the Philippines Professor Grace Javier Alfonso, University of the Philippines Professor Joel S. -
Acquiring Eyes
INTRODUCTION Visual Transformations in Philippine Modernity: Notes toward an Investigation of the World-Media System Capital Mediation Whosoever believes that there is such a thing as global capitalism necessarily also believes there is already in place a global media sys- tem: for what is capital if not a vast network of coordinated and leveraged mediations? Perhaps, the twentieth century shall one day be reckoned as the period when capital went from being just one form of mediation among many to being the ur-medium, cannibal- izing (and thus, iterating) nearly all other media from the cognitive, to the cultural, to the psychological, to the visceral, to the televisual, to the digital.1 Film, television, computing, and even architecture become functional extensions of capitalism. Such an event, if one can call a shift in the mode of production by that term, has tremen- dous consequences for the nature and function of visuality. Although this project is primarily a study of the trajectory of Philippine abstraction in painting and in film, my subject matter 1 2 Jonathan Beller Acquiring Eyes 3 and the claims I make about it are in no way separable from Philip- period when the visual has become the new arena of operations for pine history and, thus, from the history of Spanish conquest, U.S. media capital. Thus, abstract art is here understood as a response to imperialism, and the expansion and globalization of capital. My in- the condition put forth in a Fredric Jameson axiom: “We can think vestigation explores the overdeterminations (that is, the delimitations abstractly about the world only to the extent that the world itself of historical possibility) generated by colonial and imperial powers has already become abstract.”2 in both their cultural and economic dimensions and, at least as im- Jameson’s riff on Karl Marx’s proof of the material determina- portant, the vigorous Filipino efforts to transform these vectors of tion of consciousness implies that abstract art indexes the belittling, exploitative, and violent domination. -
Film Plastics in Manila by Night
Forum Kritika: A Closer Look at Manila by Night FILM PLASTICS IN MANILA BY NIGHT Joel David Inha University, South Korea [email protected] Abstract As a sample of Third World cinema, Manila by Night (and by association its director, Ishmael Bernal) endured a reputation for technical inadequacy—an ironic assessment, considering its top-rank status in the Philippine film canon. This paper will attempt to revaluate the movie’s aesthetic stature vis-à-vis movements specific to Third Cinema, focusing on ethnographic filmmaking. First will be an analysis of the film’s visual surface, with a consideration of scene selections/limitations/restrictions, the limiting and liberating aspect of night shooting, and the independent-minded spirit which refused to conform to standards of surface polish in filmmaking, as dictated by critics and practitioners. Second will be a consideration of sound, particularly its director’s successful adaptation of the multi-channel recording system to convey overlapping and even simultaneous lines of dialogue. By this means the paper hopes to argue that, contrary to received impressions, Bernal devoted as much aesthetic deliberation to Manila by Night as he did to its justly celebrated narratological and ideological elements. Keywords ethnographic films, film censorship, film documentation, multicharacter narrative About the Author Joel David is Associate Professor for Cultural Studies at Inha University in Incheon, Korea. He is the author of a number of books on Philippine cinema and holds a PhD in Cinema Studies at New York University, where he had a Fulbright scholarship. He was founding Director of the University of the Philippines Film Institute. -
PHILIPPINE FILM: 1961-1992 Filmmaking in the Philippines
PHILIPPINE FILM: 1961-1992 Filmmaking in the Philippines reached industry status in the decade of the 1950s. The total output of the various movie companies then in operation kept the two major outlets in Manila at that time—Life Theater on Quezon Boulevard in Quiapo and Cine Dalisay on Rizal Avenue in Santa Cruz—regularly supplied with new Tagalog films. The majority of the feature films were produced by four companies—Sampaguita, LVN, Premiere, and Lebran. Each of them had its own roster of stars and technicians and its own filming equipment and facilities to merit being called a studio. Break-up of the Studio System The “studio system” was characterized principally by long-term planning based on business goals set by the investors. As indicated by the full-page advertisements that usually made their appearance in the yearend issues of the movie magazines of the time, planning meant lining up a predetermined number and variety of film offerings for the entire forthcoming year, consisting of action pictures, melodramas, comedies, musicals, fantasy films, and whatever else was deemed appealing to a variegated audience. Under such a system, the audience was provided with alternatives. Not that the alternatives were severally stamped with quality as individual motion pictures. As a matter of fact, the studio system turned out mostly formula-oriented movies to ensure easy acceptability among audiences who were thought to be passive viewers seeking only to be entertained. Nevertheless, with four studios competing for the patronage of moviegoers, the array of film offerings was guarantee enough that the audience had a choice. -
Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO by JOEL DAVID
UNITAS Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery ALSO BY JOEL DAVID The National Pastime: Contemporary Philippine Cinema Fields of Vision: Critical Applications in Recent Philippine Cinema Wages of Cinema: Film in Philippine Perspective Book Texts: A Pinoy Film Course (exclusively on Amauteurish!) Manila by Night: A Queer Film Classic SINÉ: The YES! List of 100+ Films That Celebrate Philippine Cinema (with Jo-Ann Q. Maglipon; forthcoming) VOL. 88 • NO. 1 • MAY 2015 UNITASSemi-annual Peer-reviewed international online Journal of advanced reSearch in literature, culture, and Society Millennial Traversals Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery PART I: TRAVERSALS WITHIN CINEMA Joel david since 1922 Indexed in the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America Millennial Traversals: Outliers, Juvenilia, & Quondam Popcult Blabbery (Part I: Traversals within Cinema) © 2015 Joel David & the University of Santo Tomas Original Digital Edition Copyright 2015 by Joel David and Ámauteurish Publishing. All Rights Reserved. Cover still from Tiyanak, © 1988 Regal Films. All Rights Reserved. UNITAS is an international online peer-reviewed open-access journal of advanced research in literature, culture, and society published bi-annually (May and November). UNITAS is published by the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines, the oldest university in Asia. It is hosted by the Department of Literature, with its editorial address at the Office of the Scholar-in-Residence under the auspices of the Faculty of Arts and Letters. Hard copies are printed on demand or in a limited edition. Copyright @ University of Santo Tomas Copyright The authors keep the copyright of their work in the interest of advancing knowl- edge but if it is reprinted, they are expected to acknowledge its initial publication in UNITAS. -
ISHMAEL BERNAL, Filmmaker, Was Hailed As “The Genius of Philippine Cinema"
ISHMAEL BERNAL, filmmaker, was hailed as “the genius of Philippine cinema". As a director par excellence, he was also accorded the rare honor of being called a true maestro as he paved the way for succeeding directors and a new breed of film artists to perfect their craft. Twenty five years and 45 films after his first film Pagdating Sa Dulo (1971), he elucidated the Filipino life's complex profundities, confronting verities like death and love as exemplified in cinematic masterpieces, namely, Nunal sa Tubig (1976), City After Dark (1980), Himala (1981), Relasyon (1982) Broken Marriage (1983), Hinugot sa Langit (1986) and Wating (1994). A fastidious worker, Bernal rose above the commercial orientation of local filmmaking through the innovativeness of his daring experimentations. His films have multi-level yet clear-sighted messages, unmasking lucidly the figurative resonances of dramatic actions as possibilities to expound fresh insights even to trite plots and conflicts. While aware of his high level of artistry and distinct cinematic language, he broadened his directorial vision to explore the question of Filipino-ness by unfolding the layered psyche of the Filipinoin the movies that dealt mostly with urban realities and marginalized characters. In such themes, he expressed vivid visual statements to assert the inherent dignity of the human personality amid various forms of degradation and struggles for survival. An actor's director who was also known for his subdued yet precise technical perspective, Bernal extended his craft beyond aesthetic aims. He also maintained a manifest fortitude to fight the censors, free the artists, seek justice for the oppressed, and enlighten the audience. -
THE GLORY AWARDS Dean Gloria Feliciano Awards for Outstanding UPCMC Alumni
THE GLORY AWARDS Dean Gloria Feliciano Awards For Outstanding UPCMC Alumni NOMINATION CRITERIA AND REQUIREMENTS The Board of Jurors shall weigh the merits and impact of the nominee’s work as well as his or her demonstrated leadership and social responsibility in the mass communications field. There shall be four (4) specific awards criteria with corresponding submission requirements for each: CRITERIA I: Professional Track Record Requirement: Provide a comprehensive resume showing the nominee’s career trajectory (in reverse order, beginning with the most recent roles), professional achievements, awards and citations. Relevant photos and press clips may be included. CRITERIA II: Leadership and Social Responsibility Requirement: List down leadership, mentorship and volunteer responsibilities and activities of the nominee—whether in the workplace or through industry, civic or advocacy groups. CRITERIA III: Results and Impact Requirement: In order to satisfy Criteria III, kindly answer the following in 500 words or less— How did the nominee’s work, activities and initiatives lead to any of the following results or impacts? Legislative action or improved public policy Effective solutions to a societal problem Prosecution of offenders Public recognition for model citizens and institutions Meaningful audience engagement Positive change in attitudes and behaviour of target publics New knowledge or pioneering research in the mass communications field Greater public confidence in the mass communications profession Other relevant results or impacts CRITERIA IV: Samples of Work Requirement: Submission of work samples that are appropriate to the nominee’s specialization (see details below). Jurors shall evaluate these works using accepted standards of excellence in the nominee’s particular field or discipline.