Overtredelse Av Copyleft- Klausulen
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Next Generation Cloud: the Rise of the Unikernel
The Next Generation Cloud: The Rise of the Unikernel A Xen Project publication April 2015 xenproject.org Docker and Linux container technologies dominate headlines today as a powerful, easy way to package applications, especially as cloud computing becomes more mainstream. While still a work-in-progress, they offer a simple, clean and lean way to distribute application workloads. With enthusiasm continuing to grow for container innovations, a related technology called unikernels is also beginning to attract attention. Known also for their ability to cleanly separate functionality at the component level, unikernels are developing a variety of new approaches to deploy cloud services. Traditional operating systems run multiple applications on a single machine, managing resources and isolating applications from one another. A unikernel runs a single application on a single virtual machine, relying instead on the hypervisor to isolate those virtual machines. Unikernels are constructed by using “library operating systems,” from which the developer selects only the minimal set of services required for an application to run. These sealed, fixed-purpose images run directly on a hypervisor without an intervening guest OS such as Linux. As well as improving upon container technologies, unikernels are also able to deliver impressive flexibility, speed and versatility for cross-platform environments, big data analytics and scale-out cloud computing. Like container-based solutions, this technology fulfills the promise of easy deployment, but unikernels also offer an extremely tiny, specialized runtime footprint that is much less vulnerable to attack. There are several up-and-coming open source projects to watch this year, including ClickOS, Clive, HaLVM, LING, MirageOS, Rump Kernels and OSv among others, with each of them placing emphasis on a different aspect of the unikernel approach. -
A Linux in Unikernel Clothing Lupine
A Linux in Unikernel Clothing Hsuan-Chi Kuo+, Dan Williams*, Ricardo Koller* and Sibin Mohan+ +University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign *IBM Research Lupine Unikernels are great BUT: Unikernels lack full Linux Support App ● Hermitux: supports only 97 system calls Kernel LibOS + App ● OSv: ○ Fork() , execve() are not supported Hypervisor Hypervisor ○ Special files are not supported such as /proc ○ Signal mechanism is not complete ● Small kernel size ● Rumprun: only 37 curated applications ● Heavy ● Fast boot time ● Community is too small to keep it rolling ● Inefficient ● Improved performance ● Better security 2 Can Linux behave like a unikernel? 3 Lupine Linux 4 Lupine Linux ● Kernel mode Linux (KML) ○ Enables normal user process to run in kernel mode ○ Processes can still use system services such as paging and scheduling ○ App calls kernel routines directly without privilege transition costs ● Minimal patch to libc ○ Replace syscall instruction to call ○ The address of the called function is exported by the patched KML kernel using the vsyscall ○ No application changes/recompilation required 5 Boot time Evaluation Metrics Image size Based on: Unikernel benefits Memory footprint Application performance Syscall overhead 6 Configuration diversity ● 20 top apps on Docker hub (83% of all downloads) ● Only 19 configuration options required to run all 20 applications: lupine-general 7 Evaluation - Comparison configurations Lupine Cloud Operating Systems [Lupine-base + app-specific options] OSv general Linux-based Unikernels Kernel for 20 apps -
Governance in Collaborative Open Source Software Development Organizations: a Comparative Analysis of Two Case Studies
Governance in Collaborative Open Source Software Development Organizations: A Comparative Analysis of two Case Studies Master’s thesis Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences University of Bern submitted to Dr. Matthias Stürmer Research Center for Digital Sustainability Institute of Information Systems by Winkelmann, Rahel from Siselen 11th semester Matriculation nr.: 09-127-788 Study address: Huberstrasse 22 3008 Bern (Tel. 078 758 58 96) (e-Mail: [email protected]) Bern, 20.01.2015 Abstract While loose cooperation among several actors is common in the open source sector, companies merging into a professionally governed collaborative open source software development organization across industries is an emerging phenomenon. The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on this new approach of software development by creating a framework for building a collaborative open source software development organization. A comparative analysis examines the governance models of two different collaborative open source software development organizations from the organizational, financial and legal perspective and reveals the autonomous and the affiliated organization type and their key characteristics. Based on these findings and by means of four expert interviews a framework consisting of eight criteria that need to be considered in order to build a collaborative open source software development organization is created. Zusammenfassung In der Open Source Branche ist es gängig, dass sich verschiedene Akteure zur Softwareentwicklung zu losen Konsortien zusammenschliessen. Unternehmen, welche sich im professionellen Rahmen zu einer Organisation zusammenschliessen um gemeinsam Open Source Software zu entwickeln, sind jedoch ein neues Phänomen. Der Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es Aufschluss über diesen neuen Ansatz von Softwareentwicklung zu geben. -
Erlang on Physical Machine
on $ whoami Name: Zvi Avraham E-mail: [email protected] /ˈkɒm. pɑː(ɹ)t. mɛntl̩. aɪˌzeɪ. ʃən/ Physicalization • The opposite of Virtualization • dedicated machines • no virtualization overhead • no noisy neighbors – nobody stealing your CPU cycles, IOPS or bandwidth – your EC2 instance may have a Netflix “roommate” ;) • Mostly used by ARM-based public clouds • also called Bare Metal or HPC clouds Sandbox – a virtual container in which untrusted code can be safely run Sandbox examples: ZeroVM & AWS Lambda based on Google Native Client: A Sandbox for Portable, Untrusted x86 Native Code Compartmentalization in terms of Virtualization Physicalization No Virtualization Virtualization HW-level Virtualization Containerization OS-level Virtualization Sandboxing Userspace-level Virtualization* Cloud runs on virtual HW HARDWARE Does the OS on your Cloud instance still supports floppy drive? $ ls /dev on Ubuntu 14.04 AWS EC2 instance • 64 teletype devices? • Sound? • 32 serial ports? • VGA? “It’s DUPLICATED on so many LAYERS” Application + Configuration process* OS Middleware (Spring/OTP) Container Managed Runtime (JVM/BEAM) VM Guest Container OS Container Guest OS Hypervisor Hardware We run Single App per VM APPS We run in Single User mode USERS Minimalistic Linux OSes • Embedded Linux versions • DamnSmall Linux • Linux with BusyBox Min. Linux OSes for Containers JeOS – “Just Enough OS” • CoreOS • RancherOS • RedHat Project Atomic • VMware Photon • Intel Clear Linux • Hyper # of Processes and Threads per OS OSv + CLI RancherOS processes CoreOS threads -
A Comprehensive Overview Last Updated: January
Project ACRN: A Comprehensive Overview Last updated: January 19, 2021 Content ❖ Introduction ❖ Architecture ❖ Value Proposition ❖ Key Capabilities ❖ Scenarios Introduction ACRN™ is a flexible, lightweight reference hypervisor, built with real-time and safety-criticality in mind, optimized to streamline embedded development through an open source platform. - A Linux Foundation Project Launched in March 2018 - Version 1.0 released in May 2019 - Version 2.0 released in June 2020 Overallarchitecture ACRN is a registered trademark of the Linux Foundation. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Value Proposition - ACRN Small Footprint • Optimized for resource-constrained devices • Small codebase: less than 40,000 vs. >156,000 lines of code for datacenter-centric hypervisors Functional Safety & Hard Real-time • Heterogeneous Workloads Consolidation • Supports also the most demanding workloads: safety-critical and real- time Open-source with Flexible License • Permissive BSD license enables proprietary Guest OS • Business-friendly to adopt, modify and integrate • True open source with a vibrant Community ACRN reduces system deployment complexity, enables heterogeneous architectures, and provide TCO advantages Key Capabilities Functional Safety Hard Real-time MISRA-C Compliance Support hard or soft RT VM FuSa certification targeted Optimized for RT, e.g. no VMExit*, cache isolation Security & Isolation Rich I/O Mediation Full isolation for mixed criticality workloads Graphics, Audio, USB… Intel VT backed isolation Industry -