DOCSLIB.ORG

Persistence of Branchinecta Paludosa (Anostraca) in Southern Wyoming, with Notes on Zoogeography

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Persistence of Branchinecta Paludosa (Anostraca) in Southern Wyoming, with Notes on Zoogeography This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, 13(1): 184-189, 1993 PERSISTENCE OF BRANCHINECTA PALUDOSA (ANOSTRACA) IN SOUTHERN WYOMING, WITH NOTES ON ZOOGEOGRAPHY James F. Saunders III, Denton Belk, and Richard Dufford ABSTRACT The fairy shrimp Branchinectapaludosa is a persistentresident of aestival ponds at high elevation in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southernWyoming. These populationsare far removed from the Arctic tundrahabitat that typifiesthe distributionof the species, and appear to representthe southern margin of the range in North America. All of the records for the northernUnited States and southernCanada appear to lie along the CentralFlyway that is a major migrationroute for waterfowland shorebirdsthat nest in the Arctic. Passive dispersal probablyprovides for frequentcolonization of marginalhabitats and gene flow to established populations. The fairy shrimp Branchinectapaludosa have been deposited in the University of (Muller)is widely distributedin the circum- Colorado Museum (UCM 2192, 2193, polar tundra of the Holarctic region (Vek- 2194). The Snowy Range is an axial rem- hoff, 1990). In Europe, it occurs chiefly at nant which rises about 300 m above the latitudes above 60?N, but there are isolated surrounding Medicine Bow Mountains recordsfrom the High Tatra Mountains on (Houston and others, 1978). The ponds are the borderbetween Czechoslovakiaand Po- mainly in the upperTelephone Creek drain- land at about 49?N (Brtek, 1976). Records age at elevations of 3,200-3,350 m. Most for Russia are typically along the Arctic of the ponds are underlainby the Nash Fork margin, but include the southern tip of the formation (Houston and others, 1978), and Kamchatka Peninsula at 52?N (Linder, the characteristicmetadolomite is present 1932). In North America, it is found in in all but one of the ponds. The ponds sup- Alaskaand most of the provinces of Canada port no fish and most tend to be low in ionic (Linder, 1932; Reed, 1963; Belk, 1975; Da- content (Table 1). born, 1978). There are also a few scattered Prior to our collections, B. paludosa had records from the contiguous states of the been reportedtwice from the Medicine Bow United States (Linder, 1941; Lynch, 1958; Mountains (Linder, 1941; Home, 1967). Belk, 1977; Saunders, 1981a). The occa- Linder'sreport is very likely from the same sional southern record notwithstanding, general area as the present records. The most known populations occur near the sample (USNM 78574) was collected by Ir- Arctic Ocean. ving H. Blakeon 4 July 1935 from the Med- Recent collections of B. paludosa from icine Bow Mountains, and contains rather the Medicine Bow Mountains of southern cryptic locality data: "G.C. no. 303-3 (10) Wyoming suggest that the species is both a. ch. Sta. E. Temporary pond. alt. 9,700 locally common and temporallypersistent. ft." Althoughthe 9,700 ft (2,957 m) contour Branchinectapaludosa was collected from traversesconsiderable territory in the Med- eight ponds in the Snowy Range in Albany icine Bow Mountains,the possible locations County, Wyoming (R79W, T16N, sections are drasticallyreduced by examining inter- 9, 10, 15, 16 on USGS 7.5 minute series sections of that contour with roads that ex- Medicine Bow Peak Quadrangle).This spe- isted in 1935. The most likely prospect is cies has been collected consistently since WyomingHighway 130 that skirtsthe Green 1987 in conjunctionwith studies at the Gla- Rock Campground(now a picnicarea) which cier Lake Ecosystem Experiment Site bearsthe United States Forest Service iden- (GLEES).These ponds are best character- tification number 303. A small temporary ized as aestival habitats (Eng et al., 1990; pond exists nearthe picnic areaon the south Daborn and Clifford, 1974) because they side of the Nash Fork at an elevation of always contain water but may freeze to the approximately3,000 m (R79W, T16N, sec- bottom in winter. Specimensfrom two sites tion 13 on USGS 7.5 minute series Centen- 184 SAUNDERS ETAL.: BRANCHINECTA PALUDOSA IN WYOMING 185 Table 1. Major ion chemistryof three ponds inhab- The zoogeographicalsignificance of the ited by Branchinectapaludosa in the Medicine Bow Wyomingrecords is greaterthan recognized Mountains, Wyoming. previously.The Colorado-Wyomingborder Pond near is probablythe southernextent of the North Pond near Towner Pond American distribution of B. A Lost Lake Lake Road sampled by paludosa. 17 June 1991 08 June 1991 Hore (1967) previous record of B. paludosa from the pH 6.1 7.0 7.0 Kaibab Plateauin Arizona (Belk, 1977) has Ca, mg/l 0.8 2.8 2.0 proven to be a misidentification.A descrip- Mg, mg/l 0.2 0.7 3.0 tion of what is now known to be a new Na, mg/l 0.2 0.2 1.0 speciesof Branchinectais in preparation(M. K, mg/l 0.2 0.5 0.0 and D. There is also a C1,mg/l 0.2 0.2 3.0 Fugate Belk). pre- SO4,mg/l 0.9 0.5 2.0 vious record for a site near Salt Lake City, HCO3,mg/l 2.2 12.0 4.0 Utah (Maynard, 1976), but the validity of Conductance, the report has not been confirmed despite 29.0 35.0 umho/cm 9.6 effortsby Belk to locate voucher specimens. Salt Lake City lies just south of the latitude that separates Colorado and Wyoming. nial Quadrangle).At the time the pond was Confirmed records published for the con- located in early August 1991, it was nearly tiguous United States are thus restrictedto dry, but yielded one specimen of B. palu- Irish Canyon of extreme northwesternCol- dosa. This pond remains the most likely orado (Saunders,1981 a), the plains of north match for Blake's locality despite a small central Montana (Lynch, 1958), and the discrepancyin elevation. Medicine Bow Mountains of southern Wy- Horne (1967) reported that B. paludosa oming (Linder, 1941). Lynch's specimens occurred in alpine ponds in the Medicine from Montana are in an uncataloged col- Bow Mountains, but gave no specific local- lection in the USNM (Acc. No. 294523). ity data. On the basis of elevation alone The record of B. paludosa from north- (3,000-3,500 m), the pond must be very western Colorado is very close to the Wy- close to the ones that we sampled. Further- oming border and thus is little differentin more, the chemistry is similar (Table 1). latitude from the Wyoming collections, al- Horne recalls collecting B. paludosa from a beit at a lower elevation. The ability of this pond in the upper Telephone Creek drain- population to inhabit the same pond from age as well as from a relatively large lake year to year is not known, because no sub- (Bellamy, Marie, or Mirror) in the nearby sequentattempts have been made to sample South French Creek drainage (Francis this ephemeral pond. The same area was Home, personalcommunication to Denton sampledby Powell's surveymany yearsago, Belk, 30 September 1991). The lakes in the but B. paludosa was not reported(cf. Pack- South French Creek drainage are now ard, 1883; Saunders, 1981b). G. D. Lang- stocked with trout and contain no fairy staff collected B. paludosa from seven sites shrimps. in the vicinity of the Great Divide Basin, Several unpublishedcollections add sup- Wyoming (now in D. Belk's personal col- port to the view that B. paludosais common lection); these sites are about 240 km north in the Medicine Bow Mountains and the of Irish Lakes. populations persist over time (Table 2). The Medicine Bow Mountains are Table 2. Unpublished distribution records for Branchinectapaludosa in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southeasternWyoming. Locality data Collector Status Pond near Big BrooklynLake, Albany County, 24 August 1952 J. E. Lynch USNM Acc. 294523 NE side of road several miles west of University of Wyoming Sci- J. E. Lynch USNM Acc. 294523 ence SummerCamp, 8 August 1967 >40 miles west of Laramie J. E. Lynch USNM Acc. 294523 "Jon's Pond," 10,670 ft., 3.5 km NE of Snowy Range Pass, 3 Sep- G. Langstaff D. Belk, personalcol- tember 1989 lection 186 JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY, VOL. 13, NO. 1, 1993 thousands of kilometers from the Arctic the distribution of B. paludosa (Daborn, tundra habitat that is typical for B. palu- 1978; Anderson, 1971). Most of the ponds dosa. Nevertheless, the temporal persis- in question lie along the westernedge of the tence of these populationsargues that south- CentralFlyway which is a major migratory ern Wyoming is a stable part of the range route for birds that nest in the Arctic and for the species. The southern limit for B. winter much farthersouth (Fig. 1). The ma- paludosa in North America is at a lower jor routes displayed in Fig. 1 were derived latitude than the limit in Europe (41? versus chiefly from the movements of waterfowl 49?). Brtek (1976) considered the perma- (Lincoln, 1939). Links to Bear Lake and nent populations in Central Europe to be Great Salt Lake in Utah are especially in- typical glacialrelicts. By analogyit could be terestingin relation to those Colorado and inferred that the southern limit in North Wyoming recordsthat are west of the Con- Americais definedby relictpopulations. In- tinental Divide. These links also hint at va- deed, Belk (1977) once speculated that the lidity for the Utah recordof Maynard(1976). populations in Utah and Arizona were It is well known that waterfowlcan serve Pleistocene glacial relicts. The distribution as agents of passive dispersalfor the eggs of of B. paludosa for North America differs various crustaceans,including anostracans substantiallyfrom that recordedfor Europe (e.g., Malone, 1965; Proctor, 1964; Proctor in terms of the degreeto which the southern et al., 1967). Colonization by B.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton Tending His Fairy Shrimp Collection
    Fig. Ap. 2.1. Denton tending his fairy shrimp collection. 176 Appendix 1 Hatching and Rearing Back in the bowels of this book we noted that However, salts may leach from soils to ultimately if one takes dry soil samples from a pool basin, make the water salty, a situation which commonly preferably at its deepest point, one can then "just turns off hatching. Tap water is usually unsatis- add water and stir". In a day or two nauplii ap- factory, either because it has high TDS, or because pear if their cysts are present. O.K., so they won't it contains chlorine or chloramine, disinfectants always appear, but you get the idea. which may inhibit hatching or kill emerging If your desire is to hatch and rear fairy nauplii. shrimps the hi-tech way, you should get some As you have read time and again in Chapter 5, guidance from Brendonck et al. (1990) and temperature is an important environmental cue for Maeda-Martinez et al. (1995c). If you merely coaxing larvae from their dormant state. You can want to see what an anostracan is like, buy some guess what temperatures might need to be ap- Artemia cysts at the local aquarium shop and fol- proximated given the sample's origin. Try incu- low directions on the container. Should you wish bation at about 3-5°C if it came from the moun- to find out what's in your favorite pool, or gather tains or high desert. If from California grass- together sufficient animals for a study of behavior lands, 10° is a good level at which to start.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) Inferred from Nuclear 18S Ribosomal DNA (18S Rdna) Sequences
    MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 25 (2002) 535–544 www.academicpress.com Phylogenetic analysis of anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) inferred from nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences Peter H.H. Weekers,a,* Gopal Murugan,a,1 Jacques R. Vanfleteren,a Denton Belk,b and Henri J. Dumonta a Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium b Biology Department, Our Lady of the Lake University of San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78207, USA Received 20 February 2001; received in revised form 18 June 2002 Abstract The nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) of 27 anostracans (Branchiopoda: Anostraca) belonging to 14 genera and eight out of nine traditionally recognized families has been sequenced and used for phylogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA phylogeny shows that the anostracans are monophyletic. The taxa under examination form two clades of subordinal level and eight clades of family level. Two families the Polyartemiidae and Linderiellidae are suppressed and merged with the Chirocephalidae, of which together they form a subfamily. In contrast, the Parartemiinae are removed from the Branchipodidae, raised to family level (Parartemiidae) and cluster as a sister group to the Artemiidae in a clade defined here as the Artemiina (new suborder). A number of morphological traits support this new suborder. The Branchipodidae are separated into two families, the Branchipodidae and Ta- nymastigidae (new family). The relationship between Dendrocephalus and Thamnocephalus requires further study and needs the addition of Branchinella sequences to decide whether the Thamnocephalidae are monophyletic. Surprisingly, Polyartemiella hazeni and Polyartemia forcipata (‘‘Family’’ Polyartemiidae), with 17 and 19 thoracic segments and pairs of trunk limb as opposed to all other anostracans with only 11 pairs, do not cluster but are separated by Linderiella santarosae (‘‘Family’’ Linderiellidae), which has 11 pairs of trunk limbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Lynchi)
    Invertebrates Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta lynchi) Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp (Brachinecta lynchi) Status State: Meets the requirements as a “rare, threatened, or endangered species” under CEQA Federal: Threatened Critical Habitat: Designated 2006 (USFWS 2006) Population Trend Global: Declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation (Eriksen and Belk 1999) State: As above Within Inventory Area: Unknown Data Characterization The location database for the vernal pool fairy shrimp (Brachinecta lynchi) within the inventory area includes 6 records from 1993, 1997, and 1999. The majority of locations are vernal pools within non-native grassland. Other natural and artificial habitats have a high probability of being occupied by additional populations of the vernal pool fairy shrimp throughout the grassland habitats within the ECCC HCP/NCCP inventory area. Beyond the original description (Eng et al. 1990), a scanning electron micrograph of the cyst (resting egg) (Hill and Shepard 1997), and some generalized natural history data (Helm 1997), no peer-reviewed technical literature has been published concerning the vernal pool fairy shrimp. Eriksen and Belk (1999) presented a brief discussion of the vernal pool fairy shrimp and provided a distribution map. Range The vernal pool fairy shrimp is found from Jackson County near Medford, Oregon, throughout the Central Valley, and west to the central Coast Ranges. Isolated southern populations occur on the Santa Rosa Plateau and near Rancho California in Riverside County (Eng et al.1990, Eriksen
    [Show full text]
  • Freshwater Crustaceans As an Aboriginal Food Resource in the Northern Great Basin
    UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title Freshwater Crustaceans as an Aboriginal Food Resource in the Northern Great Basin Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w8765rq Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 20(1) ISSN 0191-3557 Authors Henrikson, Lael S Yohe, Robert M, II Newman, Margaret E et al. Publication Date 1998-07-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Joumal of Califomia and Great Basin Anthropology Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 72-87 (1998). Freshwater Crustaceans as an Aboriginal Food Resource in the Northern Great Basin LAEL SUZANN HENRIKSON, Bureau of Land Management, Shoshone District, 400 W. F Street, Shoshone, ID 83352. ROBERT M. YOHE II, Archaeological Survey of Idaho, Idaho State Historical Society, 210 Main Street, Boise, ID 83702. MARGARET E. NEWMAN, Dept. of Archaeology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4. MARK DRUSS, Idaho Power Company, 1409 West Main Street, P.O. Box 70. Boise, ID 83707. Phyllopods of the genera Triops, Lepidums, and Branchinecta are common inhabitants of many ephemeral lakes in the American West. Tadpole shrimp (Triops spp. and Lepidums spp.) are known to have been a food source in Mexico, and fairy shrimp fBranchinecta spp.) were eaten by the aborigi­ nal occupants of the Great Basin. Where found, these crustaceans generally occur in numbers large enough to supply abundant calories and nutrients to humans. Several ephemeral lakes studied in the Mojave Desert arul northern Great Basin currently sustain large seasonal populations of these crusta­ ceans and also are surrounded by numerous small prehistoric camp sites that typically contain small artifactual assemblages consisting largely of milling implements.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 81, No. 217/Wednesday, November 9
    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 217 / Wednesday, November 9, 2016 / Notices 78843 Permit No. TE–046262 California for the purpose of enhancing Department of the Interior, Bureau of the species’ survival. Land Management (BLM), the San Juan Applicant: Blake Claypool, San Diego, California Permit No. TE–048739 Islands National Monument Advisory Committee (MAC) will meet as The applicant requests a new permit Applicant: Daniel A. Cordova of U.S. indicated below: to take (survey by pursuit) the Quino Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas California DATES: The MAC will hold a public editha quino); and take (harass by meeting Monday, November 28th, 2016. survey, capture, handle, release, collect The applicant requests a permit The meeting will run from 8:30 a.m. to vouchers, and collect branchiopod amendment to take (harass by survey, 4:30 p.m. The meeting will be held at cysts) the Conservancy fairy shrimp capture, handle, release, collect San Juan Island Grange Hall in Friday (Branchinecta conservatio), longhorn vouchers, and collect branchiopod Harbor on San Juan Island. Public fairy shrimp (Branchinecta cysts) the Conservancy fairy shrimp comment periods will be available in (Branchinecta conservatio), longhorn longiantenna), San Diego fairy shrimp the afternoon from noon until 12:30 and fairy shrimp (Branchinecta (Branchinecta sandiegonensis), 3:00 p.m. until 3:30 p.m. Riverside fairy shrimp (Streptocephalus longiantenna), and vernal pool tadpole woottoni), and vernal pool tadpole shrimp (Lepidurus packardi); in FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: shrimp (Lepidurus packardi) in conjunction with survey activities Marcia deChadene`des, San Juan Islands conjunction with survey activities throughout the range of the species in National Monument Manager, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air
    Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) Summits on the Air Canada (Alberta – VE6/VA6) Association Reference Manual (ARM) Document Reference S87.1 Issue number 2.2 Date of issue 1st August 2016 Participation start date 1st October 2012 Authorised Association Manager Walker McBryde VA6MCB Summits-on-the-Air an original concept by G3WGV and developed with G3CWI Notice “Summits on the Air” SOTA and the SOTA logo are trademarks of the Programme. This document is copyright of the Programme. All other trademarks and copyrights referenced herein are acknowledged Page 1 of 63 Document S87.1 v2.2 Summits on the Air – ARM for Canada (Alberta – VE6) 1 Change Control ............................................................................................................................. 4 2 Association Reference Data ..................................................................................................... 7 2.1 Programme derivation ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.2 General information .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Rights of way and access issues ..................................................................................................... 9 2.4 Maps and navigation .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.5 Safety considerations ..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta Longiantenna)
    Invertebrates Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta longiantenna) Longhorn Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta longiantenna) Status State: Meets the requirements as a “rare, threatened, or endangered species” under CEQA Federal: Endangered Critical Habitat: Designated 2006 (USFWS 2006) Population Trend Global: Declining due to habitat loss and fragmentation (Eriksen and Belk 1999) State: As above Within Inventory Area: Unknown Data Characterization The location database for the longhorn fairy shrimp (Branchinecta longiantenna) within the inventory area includes 2 records from 1982 and 1990 near the Los Vaqueros Reservoir (Eng et. al. 1990, California Natural Diversity Database 2001). These 2 locations are shallow, sandstone-rock-outcrop vernal pools within non-native grassland. Other natural and artificial habitats have a high probability of being occupied by additional populations of the longhorn fairy shrimp throughout the grassland habitats within the ECCC HCP/NCCP inventory area. In addition to the original description (Eng et. al. 1990), Eriksen and Belk (1999) presented a brief discussion of the longhorn fairy shrimp and provided a distribution map. Hill and Shepard (1997) produced a scanning electron micrograph of the cyst (resting egg), and Helm (1997) provided some generalized natural history data. No other peer-reviewed technical literature has been published concerning the longhorn fairy shrimp. Range Only 8 populations of the longhorn fairy shrimp are known (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996). Longhorn fairy shrimp occurrences are rare and highly disjunct with specific pool characteristics largely unknown (USFWS 2003). The Altamont pass subunits of the species occur within clear depression pools in sandstone outcrops (Eriksen and Belk 1999; EBRPD 2001; CNDDB 2002). Other populations in the middle and southern range of the species occur in loam and shallow alkaline soil, respectively (USFWS 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • A Revised Identification Guide to the Fairy Shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca: Anostracina) of Australia
    Museum Victoria Science Reports 19: 1-44 (2015) ISSN 1833-0290 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mvsr.2015.19 A revised identification guide to the fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca: Anostracina) of Australia BRIAN V. TIMMS 1,2 1 Honorary Research Associate, Australian Museum, 6-9 College St., Sydney, 2000, NSW. 2 Visiting Professorial Fellow, Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052. Abstract Timms, B.V. 2015. A revised identification guide to the fairy shrimps (Crustacea: Anostraca: Anostracina) of Australia. Museum Victoria Science Reports 19: 1–44. Following an introduction to the anatomy and ecology of fairy shrimps living in Australian fresh waters, identification keys are provided for males of two species of Australobranchipus, one species of Streptocephalus and 39 f species o Branchinella. o A key t females of the three genera is also provided, though identification to species is not always possible. Keywords Australobranchipus, Branchinella, Streptocephalus, distributions Index (Notostraca, Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata, Cyclestherida (last three o used t be the Conchostraca) and Cladocera) that they Introduction 2 are placed within their own subclass, the Sarsostraca. Classification and Taxonomic Features 2 Anostracans are divided into two suborders: the Artemiina Biology of Fairy Shrimps 5 containing two genera Artemia and Parartemia and which live Collection and Preservation 6 in saline waters and hence are called brine shrimps (Timms, Key to Families 7 2012), and the Anostracina which accommodate the freshwater Family Branchiopodidae 10 fairy shrimps (though some live in saline waters) arranged in Family Streptocephalidae 12 six extant families.
    [Show full text]
  • Longhorn Fairy Shrimp Research EA
    Longhorn Fairy Shrimp Habitat Research in Contra Costa and Alameda Counties Environmental Assessment U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation March 2017 Mission Statements The Department of the Interior protects and manages the Nation's natural resources and cultural heritage; provides scientific and other information about those resources; and honors its trust responsibilities or special commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated island communities The mission of the Bureau of Reclamation is to manage, develop, and protect water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in the interest of the American public. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms BPRP Brushy Peak Regional Preserve CCWD Contra Costa Water District CFR Code of Federal Regulations CVP Central Valley Project CVPCP Central Valley Project Conservation Program EBRPD East Bay Regional Park District Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System LARPD Livermore Area Recreation and Park District LFS Longhorn Fairy Shrimp NHPA National Historic Properties Act USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service VCRP Vasco Caves Regional Preserve Contents Page Section 1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Need for the Proposal............................................................................ 1 Section 2 Alternatives Including the Proposed
    [Show full text]
  • Factors Affecting the Distribution and Co-Occurrence of Two Southern Californian Anostracans (Branchiopoda), Branchinecta Sandiegonensis and Streptocephalus Woo1toni
    JOURNAL O f' CRUSTAC EA N BIOL OGY . 16(4) : 669 - 677, 1996 FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION AND CO-OCCURRENCE OF TWO SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN ANOSTRACANS (BRANCHIOPODA), BRANCHINECTA SANDIEGONENSIS AND STREPTOCEPHALUS WOO1TONI Stacie A. Hathaway and Marie A. Simovicn ABSTRACT We address the role of temp erature and maturation rate in limiting the distribution and co-o c­ currence of 2 ephemeral pool branchiopods, Branchinecta sandiegon ensis and Streptocephalus wool/ani (Anostraca), in southern California. Branchinecta sandiegon ensis occurs in pools of variable depth (fro m < S em to > 30 em) and duration, while Streptocephalus wool/ani is found only in deeper pool s (>30 ern) of longer duration. These 2 species co-occur in a few pools, but their adults are never observed simultaneously. To bett er understand these patt erns, field­ collected cysts of both species wer e hatched at an array of constant and 12-h fluctuating tem ­ peratures. Maturation rates were compared in aquaria at room temperature (-20- 22°C) and by field observation. Both species hatched best at cooler temperatures ( lOOC and fluctuating S­ IYC), but S. WOOl/an i was more eurythermal. Both were inhibited at higher temperatures unless these temperatures were included in a fluctuating regime. After hatching, B. sandiegon ensis did not mature at soc. In laboratory and field observations, B. sandiegonensis matured quickly ( 1­ 2 week s) at moderate temperatures and died before S. WOOl/ani rea ched maturity. These results indi cate that temperature play s a role in re stri cting the distribution of the se species to the coast, where temperatures are favorable.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Accounts Appendix D
    Appendix D Species Accounts Appendix D. Species Accounts February 2016 The species accounts provide a summary of the biology of the Covered Species addressed in the Placer County Conservation Program, Western Placer County HCP/NCCP: Birds 1. Swainson's hawk 2. California black rail 3. Western burrowing owl 4. Tricolored blackbird Reptiles 5. Giant garter snake 6. Western pond turtle Amphibians 7. Foothill yellow-legged frog 8. California red-legged frog Fish 9. Steelhead 10. Chinook salmon Invertebrates 11. Valley elderberry longhorn beetle 12. Vernal pool fairy shrimp 13. Vernal pool tadpole shrimp 14. Conservancy fairy shrimp Each species account contains a description, an envirogram, and a map of the species occurrence and modeled habitat in Western Placer County. The description typically presents information on: Regulatory Status Distribution Population status and trends Natural history Threats Context for a regional conservation strategy Modeled species distribution in the Plan Area References The envirograms use a flowchart to show the most important ecological factors that affect a population or group of populations of a particular species. See description below. The maps show known occurrence records and modeled potential habitat. The occurrence data and the methodology for habitat modeling is described in Chapter 3, Section 3.3.2 Covered Species. Most Covered Species are associated with one or more land cover types. Land cover associations and spatial habitat features (e.g., elevation, proximity to other land cover types) were used to develop habitat distribution models. The models are an approximation: not all of a land cover type will include the specific habitat requirements for a species, and conversely, habitat may be present in small-scale landscape features that were not mapped.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Population Structure of the Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta Coloradensis (Anostraca) in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2049 Genetic population structure of the fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis (Anostraca) in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado Andrew J. Bohonak Abstract: Dispersal rates for freshwater invertebrates are often inferred from population genetic data. Although genetic approaches can indicate the amount of isolation in natural populations, departures from an equilibrium between drift and gene flow often lead to biased gene flow estimates. I investigated the genetic population structure of the pond- dwelling fairy shrimp Branchinecta coloradensis in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, U.S.A., using allozymes. Glaciation in this area and the availability of direct dispersal estimates from previous work permit inferences regarding the relative impacts of history and contemporary gene flow on population structure. Hierarchical F statistics were used θ θ to quantify differentiation within and between valleys ( SV and VT, respectively). Between valleys separated by 5– θ 10 km, a high degree of differentiation ( VT = 0.77) corresponds to biologically reasonable gene flow estimates of 0.07 individuals per generation, although it is possible that this value represents founder effects and nonequilibrium ≤ θ conditions. On a local scale ( 110 m), populations are genetically similar ( SV = 0.13) and gene flow is estimated to be 1.7 individuals exchanged between ponds each generation. This is very close to an ecological estimate of dispersal for B. coloradensis via salamanders. Gene flow estimates from previous studies on other Anostraca are also similar on comparable geographic scales. Thus, population structure in B. coloradensis appears to be at or near equilibrium on a local scale, and possibly on a regional scale as well.
    [Show full text]