AP World History Review Important People, Places, & Things

A P WORLD Round 1: Who Am I? Important Founders & State Builders

DETERMINE THE FAMOUS FOUNDER OR BUILDER BASED UPON THE INFORMATION. Famous Founder & State Builder #1

 Created an absolute monarchy in France  Considered the epitome of absolute monarchy  Nicknamed the Sun King  Built a lavish palace at Versailles  Practiced mercantilism  Made France one of Europe’s wealthiest nations #1 – King Louis XIV

 Expanded the Mughal Empire  Promoted religious tolerance between Muslims and Hindus  Eliminated the jizya on Hindus  Tolerated Jesuit missionaries  Attempted social reforms to benefit women  Supported the arts #2 – Akbar the Great

 Expanded the Mughal Empire  Promoted religious tolerance between Muslims and Hindus  Eliminated the jizya on Muslims  Tolerated Jesuit missionaries  Attempted social reforms to benefit women  Supported the arts Famous Founder & State Builder #3

 Lived in China during the Warring States Period  Promoted social harmony through proper relationships  Five Relationships  Filial Piety  Teachings became the political and social foundations of Chinese society #3 – Confucius

 Pilgrimage to Mecca brought attention to the wealth of the Mali Empire  Mali controlled trans- Saharan trade route  Built capital at Timbuktu  Built mosques and schools to promote Islam #4 – Mansa Musa

 Expanded the Mauryan Empire  Built roads and inns to encourage trade  Converted to Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga  Encouraged the spread of Buddhism to central Asia and southeast Asia  Built pillars with inscriptions to explain laws & history #5 – Ashoka

 Ruled the eastern portion of the Roman Empire  Attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire through military conquest  Rebuilt Constantinople  Built Hagia Sophia  Wife Theodora was very influential  Codified Roman law #6 – Justinian

 Ruled the eastern portion of the Roman Empire  Attempted to rebuild the glory of the Rome by military conquest  Rebuilt Constantinople  Built Hagia Sophia  Wife Theodora was very influential  Codified Roman law Famous Founder & State Builder #7

 Considered by believers to be the last prophet of Allah  Allah’s revelations to him were recorded in the Quran  Teaching and sayings were recorded in the Hadiths  Converted and unified the Arab people prior to his death #7 – Muhammad

 Considered by believers to be the last prophet of Allah  Allah’s revelations to him were recorded in the Quran  Teaching and sayings were recorded in the Hadith  Converted and unified the Arab people prior to his death Famous Founder & State Builder #7

 Created an autocratic government based on Legalism.  Unified China’s Warring States establishing the Qin Dynasty.  Built a tomb filled with more than 8,000 terra- cotta soldiers.  Began construction on the Great Wall of China. #7 – Qin Shi Huang Di

 First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, being baptized on his deathbed.  He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to create a consensus on Christian doctrines.  Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus’ tomb.  He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium, and later named this city after himself. It became the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empires for more than a thousand years. #8- Constantine I

 Born Temujin in 1162.  United many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia.  Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire.  Initiated the creation of the largest contiguous empire in history.  Began the invasion of China.  Campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of civilian populations.  Is still venerated in Mongolia. #9- Genghis Khan

 Longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520-1566).  Presided over the “Golden Age” of the Ottoman Empire.  Personally led armies conquering Christian strongholds in Greece and Hungary, before his conquests were halted at the Siege of Vienna (Austria) in 1529.  Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the Mediterranean.  Instituted many reforms in government, education, taxation, and criminal law, earning him the nickname “The Lawgiver.”  Culture and learning flourished in coffeeshops. #10- Suleyman “The Magnificent”

 Prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general.  Referred to as “the first citizen of Athens.”  Initiated the building of the Parthenon as part of projects to beautiful Athens.  Best known for the “Funeral Oration,” a famous speech as part of the annual public funeral for the war dead during the Peloponnesian War.  In speech, he glorified Athens’ political system, referring to it as “democracy,” because it was governed by “not the few, but the many.” #11- Pericles

 Proposed reforms for the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses  Revolutionary ideas  Believed faith alone would get people into heaven  The Bible was the final source for Christian teachings  Printing press spread his ideas across Northern Europe #1 – Martin Luther

 Born in India in the 6th century BCE  Member of the warrior caste  Claimed to be “the enlightened one”  Revolutionary ideas  Ultimate goal is nirvana  Anybody of any caste or gender could achieve nirvana  Four Noble Truths  Eightfold Path #2 – Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama)

 Born in Palestine during the 1st century BCE  Attempted to reform Judaism  Revolutionary ideas  Only two commandments  Love God; Love your neighbor  Followers believed he was the son of God  Called him the Messiah  Crucified for his teachings #3 – Jesus of Nazareth

 English mathematician and physicist  Revolutionary ideas  Laws of the heavens are true on Earth  Universal gravity  Three laws of motion  Made significant discoveries in optics & calculus  Influenced deism #4 – Isaac Newton

 Ottoman Sultan who conquered Constantinople in 1453.  Brought an end to the Byzantine Empire.  Hagia Sophia was turned into a mosque.  Launched a program to beautiful Constantinople, and much was this was done combined Byzantine, Turkish, and Arabic, architectural styles. #5- Mehmed II, “The Conqueror”

 Born in the Italian republic of Genoa.  Proposed reaching the East Indies by sailing westward.  This eventually received the support of the Spanish Crown: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella.  During his first voyage in 1492, he reached the Bahamas, instead of arriving in Japan as he had intended.  His voyages initiated the conquest and colonization of the Americas, shifted the global balance of power towards Europe, and resulted in one of the most impactful cultural exchanges in modern human history. #6- Christopher Columbus

 Historian, Catholic missionary, and social reformer.  Is sometimes referred to as the “Protector of the Indians.”  His extensive writings chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies, and focus on the atrocities committed by Spanish colonizers against the indigenous peoples.  In his early writings, he advocated the use of African slaves instead of natives of the West Indies, however later in his he began to see all forms of slavery as equally wrong. #7- Bartolome de las Casas

 Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

 Claimed lands for Spain throughout Central America.

 Famine and Smallpox devastated the Aztec empire. #7- Hernan Cortes

 Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

 Claimed lands for Spain throughout Central America.

 Famine and Smallpox devastated the Aztec empire. Famous Revolutionary #7

 Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

 Claimed lands for Spain throughout Central America.

 Famine and Smallpox devastated the Aztec empire. #7- Hernan Cortes

 Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.

 Claimed lands for Spain throughout Central America.

 Famine and Smallpox devastated the Aztec empire. Round 2: Regions

IDENTIFY THE REGION BASED UPON HISTORICAL INFORMATION. Round 2: Post-Classical Regions

Events Region

1. Arrival of Islam, caste system, A. East Africa trade cotton textiles B. East Asia 2. Chinampas, human sacrifice, C. Eastern Europe tribute system D. Mesoamerica 3. Mostly Buddhist, arrival of E. Middle East Islam, Hindu temples, spice trade F. North America G. South America 4. Mummification, mita, quipu H. South Asia 5. Ruled by Vikings, Orthodox Christian, invaded by Mongols I. Southeast Asia J. West Africa K. Western Europe Round 2: Post-Classical Regions

Events Region

6. Support Buddhism, feudalism, A. East Africa invaded by Mongols B. East Asia 7. Rise of Islam, attacked by C. Eastern Europe Christians, invaded by Mongols D. Mesoamerica 8. Arrival of Islam, city-states, E. Middle East trade gold and exotic animals F. North America 9. Arrival of Islam, trade gold and salt, three major empires G. South America H. South Asia 10. Attacked by Arabs and Vikings, feudalism, manorialism I. Southeast Asia J. West Africa K. Western Europe Round 2 Answers

1. H South Asia 2. D & F Mesoamerica & North America 3. I Southeast Asia 4. G South America 5. C Eastern Europe 6. B East Asia 7. E Middle East 8. A East Africa 9. J West Africa 10. K Western Europe AP Regions Map

STUDY THIS MAP!!! You do NOT want to be the student who mixes up the regions on test day. Round 3: Art & Architecture

NAME THE SOCIETY OR REGION THAT CREATED THE ART & ARCHITECTURE SHOWN ON EACH SLIDE Art & Architecture #1 Art & Architecture #2 Art & Architecture #3 Art & Architecture #4 Art & Architecture #5 Art & Architecture #6 Art & Architecture #7 Art & Architecture #8 Art & Architecture #9 Art & Architecture #10 Answers to Art & Architecture (Pictures listed clockwise from upper left)

1. Arabs (Dome of the Rock, Prophets Mosque, cartography, mosaic, calligraphy) 2. France (Palace of Versailles, Notre Dame Cathedral, Arc de Triumph, Impressionist painting) 3. Japan (Osaka castle, samurai painting, Ukioye woodblock painting) 4. Benin or West Africa (Ivory mask, copper sculptures, Portuguese saltcellar) 5. Byzantine Empire (Byzantine mosaic, Hagia Sophia, the Hippodrome, mosaics of Justinian & Jesus) 6. Mughal Empire (Taj Mahal, Mughal paintings, Mughal fort, Akbar’s tomb) 7. Mesoamerica (Aztec god, Mayan pyramid, Aztec sacrifice, Olmec head) 8. Russia (St. Basil’s Cathedral, Painting of Peter the Great, the Winter Palace, socialist realism) 9. Southeast Asia (Angkor Wat, Cambodian Buddha, bas relief of Vishnu & statues at Angkor Wat) 10. China (Buddhist carvings along the Silk Road, painting of Empress Wu, Song dynasty painting, the Great Wall, Ming porcelain, the Forbidden City) Round 4: Turning-point Dates

MATCH THE DATE TO THE EVENT Round 4: Turning-point Dates

1. The American Revolution begins A. 476 CE 2. Discovery of the New World B. 622 CE 3. End of the Zheng He’s voyages C. 1054 CE 4. Fall of the Byzantine Empire D. 13th century 5. Fall of the Western Roman Empire E. 1433 CE 6. First Crusade launched F. 1453 CE 7. Mongol conquest of Eurasia G. 1492 CE 8. Rise of Islam H. 1095 CE 9. Split of the Christian Church I. 1775 CE 10. Founding of St. Peterburg J. 1703 CE Round 4: Turning-point Dates

1. The American Revolution begins – I A. 476 CE 2. Discovery of the New World – G B. 622 CE 3. End of the Zheng He’s voyages – E C. 1054 CE 4. Fall of the Byzantine Empire – F D. 13th century 5. Fall of the Western Roman Empire – A E. 1433 CE 6. First Crusade launched – H F. 1453 CE 7. Mongol conquest of Eurasia – D G. 1492 CE 8. Rise of Islam – B H. 1095 CE 9. Split of the Christian Church – C I. 1775 CE 10. Founding of St. Peterburg – J J. 1703 CE Round 6: Who Am I? Revolutionaries

DETERMINE THE FAMOUS “REVOLUTIONARY” BASED UPON THE INFORMATION. Round 8: Miscellaneous Stuff What disease am I?

Indigenous populations of regions where I was not native, such as the Americans and Australia, were rapidly decimated, leading to conquest and colonization. Some believe that the death rate was as high as 90-95% of “New World” populations. What disease am I

I am an infectious disease with flu-like symptoms, vomiting, and the growth of swollen and painful lymph nodes. I was mainly spread from infected fleas. Death occurs typically in 10 days. In the 6th century, I was named after Justinian and killed about 13% of the world’s population. In the 14th century, I killed an estimated 50 million people, maybe as high as 60% of the population of Europe. What am I?

I am a political system that combined legal and military customs. I was a way of structuring society around loyalty, and the exchanges of land for service and labor. I flourished in both medieval Europe and Japan. What am I?

I am a lateen-rigged (triangular sail) ship, usually with one mast, used for trade throughout the Indian Ocean. What am I?

I am a public academy and intellectual center in Baghdad during the Abbasid Caliphate. I included a large private library, where the translation of works from Greek to Arabic. I led to the consistent flow of Persian, Arab, and African scholars to Baghdad. What am I?

I was known as Chinese pepper, and spread West across Mongol trade routes. I greatly helped in the destruction of the “impenetrable” walls of Constantinople, and the conquest of the Byzantine Empire. What am I?

I am the process whereby non-Chinese societies come under the influence of Chinese culture. Evidence of me can be seen in the value systems, cuisine, architectural styles, and writing scripts of Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Answers to Part 8

1. Smallpox 2. Bubonic Plague 3. Feudalism 4. Dhow 5. House of Wisdom 6. Gunpowder 7. Sinification Round 5: Regions

CHOOSE THE CORRECT REGION(S) FOR EACH COUNTRY. THERE CAN BE MULTIPLE ANSWERS. Round 5: Regions

A. East Asia 1. Abbasid Caliphate B. Eastern Europe 2. Han Dynasty C. Latin America 3. Mauryan Dynasty D. Middle East 4. Mali Empire E. North Africa 5. Mongol Empire F. North America 6. Ottoman Empire G. South America 7. Portuguese Empire H. South Asia 8. Roman Empire I. Southeast Asia 9. Spanish Empire J. West Africa 10. Song Dynasty K. Western Europe Round 5: Answers

A. East Asia 1. Abbasid Caliphate – D, E B. East. Europe 2. Han Dynasty – A, I (Vietnam) C. Latin America 3. Mauryan Dynasty – H D. Middle East 4. Mali Empire – J E. North Africa 5. Mongol Empire – A, B, D F. North America 6. Ottoman Empire – B, D, E G. South America 7. Portuguese Empire – C, G, H, I, J,K H. South Asia 8. Roman Empire – B, D, E, K I. Southeast Asia 9. Spanish Empire – C, F, G, I, K J. West Africa 10. Song Dynasty - A K. West. Europe Abbasid Caliphate Han Dynasty Mauryan Dynasty Mali Empire Mongol Empire Ottoman Empire Portuguese Empire (Blue) Roman Empire Spanish Empire (Red) Song Dynasty