AP World History Review Important People, Places, & Things A P WORLD Round 1: Who Am I? Important Founders & State Builders DETERMINE THE FAMOUS FOUNDER OR BUILDER BASED UPON THE INFORMATION. Famous Founder & State Builder #1 Created an absolute monarchy in France Considered the epitome of absolute monarchy Nicknamed the Sun King Built a lavish palace at Versailles Practiced mercantilism Made France one of Europe’s wealthiest nations #1 – King Louis XIV Created an absolute monarchy in France Considered the epitome of absolute monarchy Nicknamed the Sun King Built a lavish palace at Versailles Practiced mercantilism Made France one of Europe’s wealthiest nations Famous Founder & State Builder #2 Expanded the Mughal Empire Promoted religious tolerance between Muslims and Hindus Eliminated the jizya on Hindus Tolerated Jesuit missionaries Attempted social reforms to benefit women Supported the arts #2 – Akbar the Great Expanded the Mughal Empire Promoted religious tolerance between Muslims and Hindus Eliminated the jizya on Muslims Tolerated Jesuit missionaries Attempted social reforms to benefit women Supported the arts Famous Founder & State Builder #3 Lived in China during the Warring States Period Promoted social harmony through proper relationships Five Relationships Filial Piety Teachings became the political and social foundations of Chinese society #3 – Confucius Lived in China during the Warring States Period Promoted social harmony through proper relationships Five Relationships Filial Piety Teachings became the political and social foundations of Chinese society Famous Founder & State Builder #4 Pilgrimage to Mecca brought attention to the wealth of the Mali Empire Mali controlled trans- Saharan trade route Built capital at Timbuktu Built mosques and schools to promote Islam #4 – Mansa Musa Pilgrimage to Mecca brought attention to the wealth of the Mali Empire Mali controlled trans- Saharan trade route Built capital at Timbuktu Built mosques and schools to promote Islam Famous Founder & State Builder #5 Expanded the Mauryan Empire Built roads and inns to encourage trade Converted to Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga Encouraged the spread of Buddhism to central Asia and southeast Asia Built pillars with inscriptions to explain laws & history #5 – Ashoka Expanded the Mauryan Empire Built roads and inns to encourage trade Converted to Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga Encouraged the spread of Buddhism to central Asia and southeast Asia Built pillars with inscriptions to explain laws & history Famous Founder & State Builder #6 Ruled the eastern portion of the Roman Empire Attempted to rebuild the Roman Empire through military conquest Rebuilt Constantinople Built Hagia Sophia Wife Theodora was very influential Codified Roman law #6 – Justinian Ruled the eastern portion of the Roman Empire Attempted to rebuild the glory of the Rome by military conquest Rebuilt Constantinople Built Hagia Sophia Wife Theodora was very influential Codified Roman law Famous Founder & State Builder #7 Considered by believers to be the last prophet of Allah Allah’s revelations to him were recorded in the Quran Teaching and sayings were recorded in the Hadiths Converted and unified the Arab people prior to his death #7 – Muhammad Considered by believers to be the last prophet of Allah Allah’s revelations to him were recorded in the Quran Teaching and sayings were recorded in the Hadith Converted and unified the Arab people prior to his death Famous Founder & State Builder #7 Created an autocratic government based on Legalism. Unified China’s Warring States establishing the Qin Dynasty. Built a tomb filled with more than 8,000 terra- cotta soldiers. Began construction on the Great Wall of China. #7 – Qin Shi Huang Di Created an autocratic government based on Legalism. Unified China’s Warring States establishing the Qin Dynasty. Built a tomb filled with more than 8,000 terra- cotta soldiers. Began construction on the Great Wall of China. Famous Founder & State Builder #8 First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, being baptized on his deathbed. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to create a consensus on Christian doctrines. Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus’ tomb. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium, and later named this city after himself. It became the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empires for more than a thousand years. #8- Constantine I First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity, being baptized on his deathbed. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325 to create a consensus on Christian doctrines. Church of the Holy Sepulchre was built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus’ tomb. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium, and later named this city after himself. It became the capital of the Roman and Byzantine Empires for more than a thousand years. Famous Founder & State Builder #9 Born Temujin in 1162. United many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Initiated the creation of the largest contiguous empire in history. Began the invasion of China. Campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of civilian populations. Is still venerated in Mongolia. #9- Genghis Khan Born Temujin in 1162. United many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. Founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. Initiated the creation of the largest contiguous empire in history. Began the invasion of China. Campaigns were often accompanied by large-scale massacres of civilian populations. Is still venerated in Mongolia. Famous Founder & State Builder #10 Longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520-1566). Presided over the “Golden Age” of the Ottoman Empire. Personally led armies conquering Christian strongholds in Greece and Hungary, before his conquests were halted at the Siege of Vienna (Austria) in 1529. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the Mediterranean. Instituted many reforms in government, education, taxation, and criminal law, earning him the nickname “The Lawgiver.” Culture and learning flourished in coffeeshops. #10- Suleyman “The Magnificent” Longest reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520-1566). Presided over the “Golden Age” of the Ottoman Empire. Personally led armies conquering Christian strongholds in Greece and Hungary, before his conquests were halted at the Siege of Vienna (Austria) in 1529. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the Mediterranean. Instituted many reforms in government, education, taxation, and criminal law, earning him the nickname “The Lawgiver.” Culture and learning flourished in coffeeshops. Famous Founder & State Builder #11 Prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general. Referred to as “the first citizen of Athens.” Initiated the building of the Parthenon as part of projects to beautiful Athens. Best known for the “Funeral Oration,” a famous speech as part of the annual public funeral for the war dead during the Peloponnesian War. In speech, he glorified Athens’ political system, referring to it as “democracy,” because it was governed by “not the few, but the many.” #11- Pericles Prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general. Referred to as “the first citizen of Athens.” Initiated the building of the Parthenon as part of projects to beautiful Athens. Best known for the “Funeral Oration,” a famous speech as part of the annual public funeral for the war dead during the Peloponnesian War. In speech, he glorified Athens’ political system, referring to it as “democracy,” because it was governed by “not the few, but the many.” Famous Founder & State Builder #11 Prominent Athenian statesman, orator and general. Referred to as “the first citizen of Athens.” Initiated the building of the Parthenon as part of projects to beautiful Athens. Best known for the “Funeral Oration,” a famous speech as part of the annual public funeral for the war dead during the Peloponnesian War. In speech, he glorified Athens’ political system, referring to it as “democracy,” because it was governed by “not the few, but the many.” Famous Revolutionary #1 Proposed reforms for the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses Revolutionary ideas Believed faith alone would get people into heaven The Bible was the final source for Christian teachings Printing press spread his ideas across Northern Europe #1 – Martin Luther Proposed reforms for the Catholic Church in his Ninety-five Theses Revolutionary ideas Believed faith alone would get people into heaven The Bible was the final source for Christian teachings Printing press spread his ideas across Northern Europe Famous Revolutionary #2 Born in India in the 6th century BCE Member of the warrior caste Claimed to be “the enlightened one” Revolutionary ideas Ultimate goal is nirvana Anybody of any caste or gender could achieve nirvana Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path #2 – Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) Born in India in the 6th century BCE Member of the warrior caste Claimed to be “the enlightened one” Revolutionary ideas Ultimate goal is nirvana Anybody of any caste or gender could achieve nirvana Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path Famous Revolutionary #3 Born in Palestine during the 1st century BCE Attempted to reform Judaism Revolutionary ideas Only two commandments Love God; Love your neighbor Followers believed he was the son of God Called him the