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Estrategia De La OMS Sobre Medicina Tradicional 2014-2023

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Estrategia De La OMS Sobre Medicina Tradicional 2014-2023 Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2014-2023 Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 2 3 Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2014-2023 Catalogación por la Biblioteca de la OMS: Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2014-2023. 1.Medicina tradicional. 2.Terapias complementarias. 3.Planificación en salud. 4.Prestación de atención de salud. 5.Política de salud. I.Organización Mundial de la Salud. ISBN 978 92 4 350609 8 (Clasificación NLM: WB 55) © Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2013 Se reservan todos los derechos. Las publicaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud están disponibles en el sitio web de la OMS (www.who.int) o pueden comprarse a Ediciones de la OMS, Organización Mundial de la Salud, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Ginebra 27, Suiza (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; correo electrónico: [email protected]). Las solicitudes de autorización para reproducir o traducir las publicaciones de la OMS - ya sea para la venta o para la distribución sin fines comerciales - deben dirigirse a Ediciones de la OMS a través del sitio web de la OMS (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). Las denominaciones empleadas en esta publicación y la forma en que aparecen presentados los datos que contiene no implican, por parte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, juicio alguno sobre la condición jurídica de países, territorios, ciudades o zonas, o de sus autoridades, ni respecto del trazado de sus fronteras o límites. Las líneas discontinuas en los mapas representan de manera aproximada fronteras respecto de las cuales puede que no haya pleno acuerdo. La mención de determinadas sociedades mercantiles o de nombres comerciales de ciertos productos no implica que la Organización Mundial de la Salud los apruebe o recomiende con preferencia a otros análogos. Salvo error u omisión, las denominaciones de productos patentados llevan letra inicial mayúscula. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha adoptado todas las precauciones razonables para verificar la información que figura en la presente publicación, no obstante lo cual, el material publicado se distribuye sin garantía de ningún tipo, ni explícita ni implícita. El lector es responsable de la interpretación y el uso que haga de ese material, y en ningún caso la Organización Mundial de la Salud podrá ser considerada responsable de daño alguno causado por su utilización. Printed in Hong Kong SAR, China. Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional Índice Nota de agradecimiento ............................................................................... 5 Prologo ....................................................................................................... 7 Acrónimos .................................................................................................. 9 Resumen ................................................................................................. 11 1. Introducción ..................................................................................... 15 2. Progresos globales .......................................................................... 21 2.1 Política y reglamentos ............................................................. 21 2.2 Prácticas ................................................................................. 22 2.3 Formación e investigación ...................................................... 23 3. Examen global de la MTC .............................................................. 25 3.1 Demanda sostenida de productos, prácticas y profesionales de MTC ........................................................................................ 25 3.2 Utilización de la MTC ................................................................... 26 3.3 Reglamentación de productos, prácticas y profesionales de medicina tradicional y complementaria (MTC) .......................... 30 3.4 Cobertura sanitaria universal e integración de la MTC .................. 35 3.5 Oportunidades y desafíos .............................................................. 40 4. Objetivos estratégicos, orientaciones estratégicas y medidas estratégicas ...................................................................................... 43 4.1 Objetivo estratégico 1: Desarrollar la base de conocimientos para la gestión activa de la MTC por medio de políticas nacionales apropiadas .................................................................................. 44 4.2 Objetivo estratégico 2: Fortalecer la garantía de calidad, la seguridad, la utilización adecuada y la eficacia de la MTC mediante la reglamentación de sus productos, prácticas y profesionales............................................................................... 49 4.3 Objetivo estratégico 3: Promover la cobertura sanitaria universal por medio de la apropiada integración de los servicios de MTC en la prestación de servicios de salud y la autoatención de salud. ..................................................................................... 53 5. Aplicación de la estrategia ............................................................ 57 Referencias ............................................................................................... 59 Anexo A – Ejemplos seleccionados de iniciativas destacables relacionadas con la MTC, por región/país .................................................. 63 Anexo B – Información sobre organizaciones profesionales de MTC mundiales seleccionadas ............................................................................ 68 Anexo C – Publicaciones seleccionadas de la OMS sobre MTC ................... 70 3 Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional Nota de agradecimiento En los dos últimos años, durante la preparación de la presente estrategia actualizada, el proyecto de texto se envió, para que lo examinaran y formularan comentarios, a Estados Miembros de las seis regiones de la OMS, 20 centros colaboradores de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional, y 22 miembros del Grupo asesor de expertos de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional, así como a organizaciones profesionales globales relacionadas con la medicina tradicional, en particular cinco ONG que han establecido relaciones oficiales o de trabajo con la OMS, y tres organismos pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, a saber, la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual, la Organización Mundial del Comercio y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación. La estrategia se benefició de la experiencia y los conocimientos especializados de esos agentes. El grupo de trabajo técnico celebró cuatro reuniones para examinar el proyecto. En esas reuniones participaron expertos y representantes invitados de las seis regiones de la OMS. Asesores regionales en materia de medicina tradicional de las seis regiones de la OMS y las pertinentes unidades o departamentos técnicos de la Organización fueron consultados y suministraron material. La información contenida en 129 informes de países y en otras fuentes contribuyó a la elaboración de la estrategia. El grupo de redacción estuvo integrado por A. Burton, T. Falkenberg, M. Smith, Q. Zhang y X. Zhang. T. Boerma y W. van Lerberghe. Algunos exdirectores del Departamento de Políticas y Operaciones de los Sistemas de Salud de la OMS proporcionaron orientación y efectuaron aportaciones. El coordinador del Programa de medicina tradicional y complementaria, Sr. Q. Zhang, revisó y editó el texto. E. Asio y Y. Maruyama prestaron asistencia de secretaría. El Gobierno de la República Popular China prestó generosamente apoyo financiero para la elaboración del documento. El Gobierno de la RAE de Hong Kong, la República Popular China y el centro colaborador de la OMS para la medicina tradicional establecido en Hong Kong prestaron apoyo técnico, financiero y logístico a las reuniones de tres grupos de trabajo, así como a la elaboración e impresión del documento. La OMS manifiesta su sincero agradecimiento a todos los gobiernos, instituciones, organizaciones y expertos mencionados. 5 Estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional Prólogo En todo el mundo, la medicina tradicional es el pilar principal de la prestación de servicios de salud, o su complemento. En algunos países, la medicina tradicional o medicina no convencional suele denominarse medicina complementaria. La resolución de la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud sobre medicina tradicional (WHA62.13), adoptada en 2009, pide a la Directora General de la OMS que actualice la estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2002-2005, sobre la base de los progresos realizados por los países y los nuevos problemas que se plantean actualmente en el campo de la medicina tradicional. Por lo tanto, la estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2014-2023 vuelve a evaluar y desarrollar la estrategia de la OMS sobre medicina tradicional 2002-2005, y señala el rumbo de la medicina tradicional y complementaria (MTC) para el próximo decenio. La MTC es una parte importante y con frecuencia subestimada de la atención de salud. Se la practica en casi todos los países del mundo, y la demanda va en aumento. La medicina tradicional de calidad, seguridad y eficacia comprobadas contribuye a asegurar el acceso de todas las personas a la atención de salud. Muchos países reconocen actualmente la necesidad de elaborar un enfoque coherente e integral de la atención de salud, que facilite a los gobiernos, los profesionales sanitarios y, muy especialmente, a los usuarios de los servicios de salud, el acceso a la MTC de
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